scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREG R. GILLESPIE ◽  
STEPHEN D. MILLER

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown in rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the upper midwest of the U.S.A. However, volunteer sunflower is often a problem in wheat planted the year following sunflower. Wheat yields as influenced by wheat seeding date and sunflower density, duration of sunflower competition and rate of sunflower control were determined in the field. Season-long sunflower competition at densities of 3, 9, and 23 plants per square metre reduced yield of the following wheat crop by an average of 11, 19, and 33%, respectively, averaged over seeding date and location. Sunflower was more competitive with wheat seeded in late than in early May, particularly at the lower sunflower densities. Wheat yield was reduced 22% when 24 sunflower plants/m2 were allowed to compete until the wheat flag-leaf stage. Wheat yields obtained were similar when volunteer sunflower was controlled by postemergence MCPA [[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid], bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), or bromoxynil plus MCPA despite the slower rate of control with MCPA compared to bromoxynil or bromoxynil plus MCPA. This research indicates that wheat following sunflower should be planted early and sunflower densities of nine plants per square metre or higher should be removed before the flag-leaf stage to prevent yield reductions.Key words: Density, duration, bromoxynil, MCPA, Helianthus annuus, Triticum aestivum


2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  

AC Abbey, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is adapted to the Canadian prairies. It is significantly shorter than any of the check cultivars and has solid stems. AC Abbey expressed higher grain yield, earlier maturity, and heavier kernels than AC Eatonia, the solidstem check cultivar. It is resistant to the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) and to prevalent races of common bunt and has moderate resistance to leaf rust and stem rust. AC Abbey is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring wheat. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., red spring wheat, yield, wheat stem sawfly, plant height, maturity


1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McNeal ◽  
J. M. Hodgson ◽  
M. A. Berg

In 1967, 18 spring wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) were grown in the field at Bozeman, Montana, and sprayed on three dates with low rates of 2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino) -s-triazine (simazine).The simazine treatments significantly affected both yield and percent protein. Yields decreased as rate of simazine increased and as wheat plants were more mature when treated. The May 16 and June 16 simazine treatments resulted in grain protein about 2% higher than the control, but this increase was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in yield of grain.A highly significant r value of 0.77 between grain protein and the grain to straw ratio suggests that grain protein is heavily dependent on total foliage production.


Author(s):  
I. Seregina ◽  
D.A. Chernyshev ◽  
V.I. Trukhachev ◽  
S.L. Belopukhov ◽  
I.I. Dmitrevskaya ◽  
...  

Background: Currently, technologies that provide the energy and nutritional value of agricultural crops under extreme growing condishions have the greatest advantage. Much research is devoted to the study of the effect of brassinosteroids and their analogs, as well as zircon, which have a multifunctional effect on the yield and the formation of elements of productivity of various agricultural plants. Also many studies have been carried out to study the effect of microelements on the formation of yield and adaptive ability of grain crops. However, some aspects of increasing the efficiency of growth regulation and microelements require further study. In this regard, studies were carried out to study the effect of the combined use of growth regulators and sodium selenite on the yield and the formation of productivity elements of spring wheat, depending on the conditions of water supply. The efficiency of the action of plants growth epin and zircon, introduced together with sodium selenit, on the yield and production process of spring wheat plants under conditions of optimal irrigation and short-term soil drought has been studies. Methods: The research was carried out in 2018-2019. In a vegetation experiment at the Russian State Agarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy. The object of research was spring soft wheat of the Ivolga variety. The plants were grown in vessels with a capacity of 5 kg of soil. For the experiments, a soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil was used. The optimal conditions for water supply were created watering the vessels during the entire growing season. A short-trem drought was created by stopping irrigation duting the steming phase. The duration of the drought is 5-6 days. In experiments, growth regulations epin, zircon and sodium selenite were studied, which were used by treating seeds before sowing wich 0,01% solutions of preparations. In the studies, the yield of spring wheat ang the formation of productivity elements were determined. Result: Analysis of variance results for differences in the action of sodium selenite, zircon and epin, as well as their combination on various aspects of the production process of forming wheat yield. The stimulating effect of the combined use of sodium selenite and zircon on the reproductive organs of wheat was established, as a result of cariopses in an ear increased by 1.43 time. The activation of the attracting ability of the ear established when using the conscientious use of sodium selenite and epin. As a result, the wheat yield increased by 20% with optimal water supply and drought.


1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. CARLSON ◽  
L. A. MORROW

Triallate granules were applied at 2.8 kg/ha without incorporation either immediately before or after planting into standing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Fielder’ and ’Dirkwin’) stubble. The triallate granules controlled wild oat (Avena fatua L.), and resulted in increased spring wheat yield. Difenzoquat or diclofop-methyl application also increased wheat yields.Key words: Triallate, oat (wild), conservation tillage, minimum tillage, wheat (spring)


2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽  
C. J. Pozniak ◽  
P. Hucl

Kernel hardness, one of the most important factors in determining the end-use suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is largely influenced by puroindoline proteins a (PINA) and b (PINB). Soft texture is wildtype (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a) with hard texture being determined by either Pina-D1 gene deletion or point mutations in Pinb-D1a. The objectives of this study were to determine kernel hardness indices (HI) and Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allelic diversity in a diverse set of 81 Canadian (representing eight wheat classes) and 49 US hard spring wheat varieties. Varieties were grouped into two experimental sets grown in replicated trials in 2004–2006 at Saskatoon, SK. Variation existed among varieties with HI means ranging from 21.7 (CDC Zorba) to 72.7 (AC Morse) in exp. 1 and from 25.0 (HY320) to 66.1 (Norlander) in exp. 2. Only AC Andrew, CDC Zorba, and Red Fife were soft kernel textured and carried the wildtype Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a alleles. The majority of Canadian varieties were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b (69%), while a greater frequency of US varieties was Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a (55%). Only four varieties, all from Quebec-based breeding programs, carried the Pinb-D1c allele. On average, varieties with the Pina-D1b allele had significantly harder kernels than those carrying the Pinb-D1b mutation. Durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) varieties, included as hard-kernelled controls, possessed significantly harder kernels (average HI = 71.2) than spring wheat varieties with Pina-D1b (65.3). Varieties carrying Pina-D1b (null PINA) were harder than those carrying hardness mutations at the Pinb-D1 locus, but considerable overlap in hardness was evident among genotypic classes. This work represents the first extensive Pin genotyping combined with HI phenotyping survey of Canadian wheat varieties, which is expected to aid breeders in understanding how Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allele composition is currently associated with kernel hardness across Canadian wheat classes. Key words: Triticum aestivum, kernel hardness, puroindolines


Author(s):  
В.В. Келер ◽  
С.В. Хижняк ◽  
С.В. Овсянкина ◽  
Д.М. Шеклеин ◽  
Э.Д. Машковская

Цель работы — изучить влияние азотных удобрений на распространённость и таксономический состав вызываемой грибами инфекции семян яровой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.). Исследования проводились в 2019–2020 годах. Семь сортов пшеницы (Алтайская 70, Алтайская 75, Курагинская 2, Новосибирская 15, Новосибирская 29, Новосибирская 31, Новосибирская 41) были выращены с использованием зерновых в качестве предшественника, в Минусинском районе Красноярского края, с азотными удобрениями и без удобрений, после чего семена урожая были изучены на наличие фитопатогенных грибов. Патогенный комплекс в семенах был представлен видами Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana и Alternaria spp. (соответственно 45,1, 34,3 и 20,6% от общего количества грибных изолятов). Средняя по сортам и вариантам распространённость семенной инфекции составила 41,2%. Удобрение статистически значимо (p<0,001) снизило среднюю распространённость инфекции семян с 50,0% (без удобрения) до 32,4% (с удобрением). Эффект удобрения сильно зависел от сорта. Максимальное снижение распространённости инфекции (63 п.п.) наблюдалось у сорта Новосибирская 29, в то время как у сортов Курагинская 2, Новосибирская 15, Новосибирская 31, Новосибирская 41 снижение составило 11, 33, 18 и 20 п.п. соответственно. Сорт Алтайская 70 не показал статистически значимых различий по распространённости между вариантами с удобрением и без удобрения (соответственно 49 и 43%). У сорта Алтайская 75 удобрение статистически значимо (p<0,05) увеличило распространённость заражения семян на 16 п.п. Удобрение не повлияло на средний состав патогенного комплекса, но статистически значимо изменило таксономический состав патогенного комплекса у отдельных сортов. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on composition and virulence of pathogenic fungi affecting spring wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment took place in Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2019–2020. Seven wheat varieties were used (“Altayskaya 70”, “Altayskaya 75”, “Kuraginskaya 2”, “Novosibirskaya 15”, “Novosibirskaya 29”, “Novosibirskaya 31”, “Novosibirskaya 41”) planted after gramineous. Such pathogens as Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. were found in plant seeds (45.1, 34.3 and 20.6%, respectively). Average infection rate amounted to 41.2%. Fertilizers significantly reduced seed contamination from 50.0% to 32.4% (p<0.001). Fertilizers’ impact significantly depended on genotype. The highest reduction in the infection rate (63 p. p. — percentage points) occurred for “Novosibirskaya 29” while “Kuraginskaya 2”, “Novosibirskaya 15”, “Novosibirskaya 31”, “Novosibirskaya 41” showed only 11, 33, 18 and 20 p. p. of decrease, respectively. “Altayskaya 70” showed no statistically significant response after fertilization (49 versus 43% under or without fertilization, respectively). Fertilizers significantly increased “Altayskaya 75” contamination with fungi by 16 p. p. (p<0.05). Fertilization had no effect on pathogen composition in general except for several varieties.


2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Garand ◽  
R R Simard ◽  
A F MacKenzie ◽  
C. Hamel

Although there is a potential to substantially reduce N fertiliser inputs by cropping spring cereals with an interseeded legume, the agronomic value and the nitrate catch-crop effect associated with this practice are not documented under the conditions of eastern Canada. This 3-yr study estimated N credits and non-N nutritional effects for interseeded clover (Trifolium pratense L. 'Arlington') in spring wheat production (Triticum aestivum L. 'Algot') and assessed fall and spring nitrate (NO3−) in soil. The soil is a St. Urbain clay (Orthic Gleysol) located in the St. Lawrence lowlands. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was applied at 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 with or without red clover as a companion crop. Clover was incorporated as a green manure crop in mid-November. Clover significantly (P = 0.05) influenced wheat yield response to N fertilisation for 2 of the 3 yr. Clover did not reduce wheat grain yield through competition between the two plant species. Higher wheat yields with clover were attributed to N supplied by clover through mineralisation of residues incorporated in the soil the previous fall. Nitrogen fertiliser replacement value of clover was approximately 80 kg N ha-1 for 1994 and 1995. Clover occasionally increased NO3−-N measured in the soil profile in late fall and in spring. Interseeded red clover may provide most of the N needs of a companion spring wheat crop in fine-textured gleysolic soils, but is an inefficient N catch-crop. Key words: N credits, non-N nutritional effect, N catch-crop


2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Shumova

Crop Water Supply and its Relation to Yield of Spring Wheat in the South of Russian Plain The proposed method to estimate water supply of spring wheat crop is based on the ratio of the water amount extracted by plants under actual conditions of growth (transpiration) to cover needs for maximum (potential) yield (potential transpiration). Estimates of spatial, inter- and intra-annual water supply variability of the spring wheat crop in basic agricultural zones are given. Dependence of the spring wheat yield on water supply is presented.


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