scholarly journals Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in forage crop rotations of the forest zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
A S Shpakov
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Meat Animal

Abstract The forest zone of Russia is most favorable for the development of dairy and meat animal husbandry. In solving the problem of intensification of animal husbandry, the most important role belongs to high-quality feed, especially in terms of their provision with protein and essential amino acids [1, 2, 3, 4]. Alfalfa is of great importance in solving the problem of producing high-quality forage. The expansion of alfalfa sowing in the forest zone is facilitated by successful breeding of varieties at the All-Russian Research Institute of feed (Selena, Pasturenaya 88, Vega 87, Lada, Lugovaya 67), combining high productivity of biomass and seeds, resistance to unfavorable environmental factors, a positive effect on fertility and nitrogen balance in the soil … The most fully productive potential of alfalfa, including longevity in nitrogen-fixing capacity, is realized in fodder crop rotations, which are the basis of field fodder production in specialized dairy and meat farms [5].

scholarly journals Strategic directions of increase of bean production in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
V. I. Sichkar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
The Impact

Goal. Based on the results to substantiate the need for a significant increase in legume crops in Ukraine on the basis of analysis of food and feed indicators of their seeds, the impact on soil quality and the environment. Material and methods. Field – determination of features of growth and development of plants, elements of seed productivity; biometric and measuring-weight – accounting of yield and total biomass; biochemical – determination of protein, fat and other components of seeds; statistical – variation, regression and analysis of variance. Results and discussion. The significant nutritional value of legume seeds, which is rich in high-quality protein with a high content of essential amino acids, isoflavones, essential micronutrients, is substantiated. It is distinguished by high taste, quickly swells and boils, has a pleasant aroma. This group of crops is able to fix nitrogen from the air, provide for their own needs and leave a significant amount of it in the soil for subsequent crop rotations. Legumes should be considered in the crop rotation system together with winter wheat as fallow crops. Their synergistic effect on subsequent crop rotations is explained by the peculiarity of the microflora of the root zone, where symbiotic and free-living bacteria are concentrated. Observations indicate the need to increase crops of pea, chickpea and lentil in Ukraine, as there are all the necessary conditions - adapted to insufficient moisture varieties, developed technology for their cultivation, accumulated positive experience for obtaining high yields. Conclusions. Based on our own results and analysis of the experience of many countries around the world revealed the importance of legumes for our country. Their role in providing high-quality food, improving soil quality, increasing the country’s export potential is noted

scholarly journals Characteristics of grasslands in the Polish Sudetes in view of fodder production potential and grassland protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longina Nadolna ◽  
Marta Żyszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

Characteristics of grasslands in the Polish Sudetes in view of fodder production potential and grassland protection Mountain region of the Sudetes has a productive potential that allows for obtaining high quality fodder from grasslands. The potential is facilitated by the fact that 94% of grassland area is situated below the elevation of 700 m a.s.l. and 75% of them on slopes inclined less 9°. Meadows and pastures of the highest economic importance cover an area larger than 50 000 ha, most of them situated in the Kłodzko district. The analysis of ruminant and horse stock in 2008 revealed that the possibilities of fodder production largely exceeded the demands. Productive use of meadows and pastures loses importance, particularly in the Jelenia Góra district, despite financial support within the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU.

Xerohalophyte semishrub Kochia prostrata — variety selection for arid land reclamation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Шамсутдинов ◽  
Г. Кенжегалиев
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Selection For

Исследования проводились в 20092019 годах в Казахском научно-исследовательском институте животноводства и кормопроизводства. Изучение и отбор различных образцов кохии простёртой в коллекционных питомниках, контрольные и конкурсные испытания позволили поэтапно выявить перспективные генотипы, обладающие высокой скоростью отрастания и высокорослостью, которые в дальнейшем использовались для создания сортов пастбищного и сенокосного типа. При изучении исходного материала были выявлены различия между зеленоватым и серым подвидами кохии по многим морфобиологическим признакам. При этом зеленоватый подвид характеризовался раннеспелостью и хорошим отрастанием, обуславливающими его пастбищное использование. Серый подвид был более пригоден для производства сена, сочетая в себе высокорослость, прямостоячесть и позднеспелость. В процессе селекции пастбищных форм было выявлено преимущество образцов северо-туранских каменистых экотипов. Образцы К-210, К-211 и К-510, К-521, имея облиственность 69710, были наиболее продуктивными 1,331,40 и 1,321,34 т/га соответственно. При создании сортов сенокосного типа наиболее перспективными оказались песчаные экотипы, имея высоту 7174 см, облиственность 5457, высокое содержание протеина (1214) и урожайность сена 2,803,26 т/га. На основе образца К-210, превосходящего стандарт по сбору сухой массы на 34,3, был получен сорт Пастбищный, обладающий высотой 62 см, тонкостебельностью и высокой облиственностью (70). Сорт характеризовался повышенной устойчивостью к болезням, хорошим отрастанием, засухоустойчивостью и зимостойкостью. Для получения сорта для сенокосного использования был отобран образец песчаного экотипа К-513, превысивший по урожайности стандарт на 31. Высота растения составила 77,7 см, облиственность 5458, форма куста прямостоячая, позволяющая проводить уборку наиболее ценных в кормовом отношении частей куста. The investigation took place at the Kazakh Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production in 20092019. Promising genotypes of Kochia prostrata were used to develop varieties for green fodder and hay production. Green and grey subspecies showed variation in many morphological and biological traits. The green subspecies was more suitable for pasture use due to its early maturation and fast aftergrowth, while tall-grown upright long-season grey subspecies for hay production. Genotypes K-210, K-211 and K-510, K-521 had leaf coverage of 69710 and high productivity 1.331.40 and 1.321.34 t ha-1, respectively. Sandy ecotypes were used to produce hay. Their height reached 7174 cm, leaf coverage 5457, protein content 1214 and hay yield 2.803.26 t ha-1. Genotype К-210 was used to develop the variety Pastbishchnyy, exceeding the standard in dry mass by 34.3. Its height reached 62 cm, leaf coverage 70, stem thin. The variety had high resistance to diseases, drought and frost as well as good aftergrowth. To develop a variety for hay production purposes К-513 line was selected exceeding the standard in productivity by 31. Plant height was 77.7 cm, leaf coverage 5458. Upright shrub type enabled harvesting the most valuable parts.

scholarly journals Methods Of Biologization Of Grain-Grass Crop Rotations And Their Influence On Fertility Of Soddy-Podzolic Soil Of The Forest Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A S Shpakov ◽  
T S Brazhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
The Cost

Abstract On soddy-podzolic soils of the forest zone of the European part of Russia, grain-grass crop rotations are most common for the production of voluminous fodder, food and fodder grain [1,2]. In such crop rotations, the link of perennial grasses is the main factor in the reproduction of soil fertility and the production of high-quality voluminous fodder. Improvement of the grass-field link of such crop rotations based on the cultivation of new species and varieties is an urgent scientific and practical task [3,4,5]. An important way to reduce the cost of reproduction of soil fertility in grain-grass crop rotations is the maximum use of plant residues, including straw and green manure crops, which makes it possible to exclude the use of organic fertilizers on certain arable land or, if necessary, to conduct a dung-free economy [6,7,8]. Improvement of the link of perennial grasses, saturation of crop rotations with legumes, maximum use of plant residues and green manure as organic fertilizers allows to reduce the cost of reproduction of soil fertility, to produce high-quality voluminous and concentrated feed [9,10].

scholarly journals Optimal models for the development of commercial feed production as a synthetic industry

1970 ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
N.A. Sprynchuk ◽  
I.S. Voronetskaya ◽  
V.P. Zhukov ◽  
O.O. Kravchuk ◽  
І.І. Petrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
And Storage

Purpose. Development of animal husbandry is dependent on quality feed production. The activity of the field feed production as a synthetic industry is associated with the preparation of feed, their long-term storage due to the preservatives, appropriate packaging. The article discusses the optimal models for the production, harvesting, storage of forages, taking into account the peculiarities of technological parameters, production technologies of harvesting and storage. The role of feed production optimization for agricultural enterprises, aimed at meeting the needs of the commercial animal husbandry using elements of simulation is clarified and effectiveness of commercial feed production formation as a synthetic industry is revealed. Methods. In the process of the research, the following methods were used: theoretical generalization, economic model and analysis of absolute, relative and average values. Theoretical generalization – to determine the importance of the development of the feed market and commercial feed production. Economic model – to reveal the interdependence and connection between various economic phenomena and processes in production and storage of various types of feeds. Analysis of absolute, relative and average values – for the technical and economic characteristics of storage types of silage and haylage. Results. The real development of fodder production is seen in the transformation of cultivated crop products, in particular grain, into finished livestock products. It is possible, due to cross-sectoral integration, to sell not only raw materials, ready-made high-quality feed to the market to meet the needs of live-stock production. Conclusions. A special place in the implementation of the innovative policy of the field feed production belongs to the transfer of innovations in the "field-storage-feeder" system, which will act as one of the effective tools for ensuring the increase in production of high-quality feed. It was found that there are no narrowly targeted government programs for the development of fodder production as a synthetic industry.

HYDROPONICS IS A NEW PARADIGM AND A WAY OF FODDER PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Popov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
General Concept ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Organic Product ◽  
Know How ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Adequate Quantity

Hydroponics is a way of intensification and a new paradigm of fodder production: from adaptive plant growing to operated cultivation of green mass of the set property. In a review the precondition of introduction of the alternative high-quality green foods "know-how" in completely controllable conditions are presented. Terms and definitions of the general concept and separate parts of hydroponic forage are given. Hydroponics makes for every day providing animals with the adequate quantity of high-quality forage. The hydroponics of forages allows to cultivate ecologically pure and organic product commercially, within economically defensible expenses. The synergy is shown and examples of zootechnical and economic efficiency are resulted.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

scholarly journals RECOMMENDED TABLE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES OF PRIVATE BREEDING

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
S.I. Krasokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
High Quality ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Pulp Consistency ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Bright Color ◽  
Hybrid Forms ◽  
Russian Research

The development of the table grapes market is directly related to the renewal of the assort-ment and technological modernization of pro-duction, taking into account the growing re-quirements of consumers. Equally important is the discrepancy between the tastes of con-sumers of fresh grapes and the quality indica-tors of the grapes supplied by the industry, therefore, an important task is to improve the assortment. Recently, a large number of pri-vate breeders have joined the breeding work on the breeding of table varieties, the results of whose work often have no scientific as-sessment. The article presents the results of a variety study of five selected promising table hybrid forms of grapes obtained by amateur winegrowers. Variety studies were conducted in 2018–2020 at the experimental vineyard of the experimental field All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific In-stitution «FRARC». The methods used for the assessment were generally accepted in vit-iculture. Vineyards grafted, covering, non-irrigated, planting scheme 3×1.5 m. The agro-biological characteristics are given, the yield is estimated, the uvological, tasting and eco-nomic assessment of hybrid forms is given. The studied varieties have desirable character-istics: high quality, attractive appearance, large and very large bunches and berries, dense pulp consistency, different tastes, bright color of berries.

scholarly journals Weed infestation in the crop rotations depending on the cultivation technology in the Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Zhenchenko ◽  
◽  
E.N. Turin ◽  
A.A. Gongalo ◽  
V.Yu. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Trial Field ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Direct Sowing

The stationary experiment on the comparative study of the direct sowing and traditional cultivation technology was laid in 2015–2016 at the trial field of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. Two five-course crop rotations were taken as a base; all fields were included in the crop rotation. During the years of research, we observed mixed weed infestation. No matter what cultivation technology was applied, actual weed flora at the fields with winter crops was represented by overwintering and winter weeds; at the fields with spring crops – annual spring weeds. There were no rootstock grasses and rhizomatous perennial weeds or there were few of them at all fields in the experimental crop rotations both by traditional cultivation technology and direct sowing. Timely and high-quality weed control put the direct sowing on equal footing with the traditional one. It is advisable to change herbicides, their doses, as well as use tank mixes, after moving to a direct sowing system.

scholarly journals REPRODUCING QUALITIES OF RAMS OF THE MOLDOVAN TYPE KARAKUL BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
D. Rotari
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
First Time

Issues related to the reproduction of animals have been and remain one of the most complex and relevant problems of biology and are constantly finding a direct and effective way out into livestock farming practice. The rational use of breeding sheep as producers is limited by the lack of standard, objective methods and methods for the timely assessment of their reproductive ability. The article presents the results of evaluating the sperm production of rams-producers. For the first time, the freshly obtained sperm of rams of Moldavian type producers of the Karakul breed was evaluated using the macroscopic method - ejaculate volume, color and smell, as well as the microscopic method - motility, sperm concentration in the ejaculate, total sperm count in the ejaculate sperm movements (VAP; VSL and VCL) as well as the percentage of abnormal forms of sperm. The experiments were carried out on sheep producers grown on a pedigree farm of the experimental farm of the Moldavian Scientific and Practical Institute of Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine. As a result of the studies, it was found that the ejaculate volume on average was 0.99 ± 0.04 ml, motility was 0.95 ± 0.02 and sperm concentration 1.51 ± 0.14 billion/ml. The percentage of pathological forms in sperm averaged 13.72 ± 0.61, an indicator that characterizes the high quality of sperm. The average quality indicator of ejaculates obtained from ram-producers of the Moldavian type of the Karakul breed corresponds to physiological standards for the Karakul breed. The average percentage of pathological forms of sperm found in ejaculates indicates that the rams were in good conditions of feeding and keeping. According to research, we can say that the Moldovan type of Karakul rams can be successfully used to obtain high quality ejaculates suitable for freezing sperm at 196°C.

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