scholarly journals New Microbiological Preparations For Soil Conservation Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
V I Cherniavskih ◽  
I V Pravdin ◽  
E V Dumacheva ◽  
Tsugkiev ◽  
V.B. Tsugkieva
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract In the system of soil-saving technologies, comparative tests of the effectiveness of the use of various biological products based on consortia of microorganisms, fungal cultures in the field were conducted, and their effectiveness was evaluated. We used the preparations “Nurse Mycorrhiza” (Russia), MycoCrop ® (Germany), a new drug of the “Biogor” series developed by the Scientific and Technical Center for Biological Technologies in Agriculture (NTC“BIO”) (Russia). The effectiveness of seed treatment with biological preparations is shown. Plants of spring wheat of the Darya variety, the seeds of which were treated with the preparation “Biogor”, had friendly aligned shoots, formed a better-developed root system, which later resulted in a significant increase in yield. The results of the dispersion analysis showed that the difference between the processing options is significant, and the processing by the “Biogor” consortium has a positive effect on the formation of grains in the ear, their mass, the mass of 1000 seeds, as well as on the yield of spring wheat in general. The use of a new preparation of the “Biogor” series, developed in LLC “STC “BIO” and containing a consortium of beneficial microorganisms, is promising for spring wheat: the weight of 1000 seeds increases by 13.5 %, the yield significantly increases by 12.5 %.

scholarly journals The Role Of Perennial Grasses In The Accumulation Of Organic Matter In Soil-Saving Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
V I Cherniavskih ◽  
E V Dumacheva ◽  
M N Marinich ◽  
L D Sajfutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Aboveground Productivity ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conservation Technologies

Abstract In the farms of the Belgorod region, a comprehensive study was conducted to assess the productivity of perennial grasses using soil-saving technologies in comparison with traditional methods of tillage. The results of the dispersion analysis showed that the value of the indicator of the total aboveground and underground productivity of perennial grasses significantly depends on the species composition of the grass stand. It was found that the difference between the site of a perennial fallow and fields with perennial grasses with the use of soil-saving technologies did not exceed 13.9% in terms of the total aboveground productivity. The aboveground productivity of alfalfa was significantly higher than in the control variant (fallow field) and in the experimental fields with soil conservation technologies – by 73.6 % and 101.6 %, respectively. The accumulation of underground mass in the fallow area and in areas using soil conservation technologies is approximately at the same level – 1.91 kg*(m) − 2 in the control and 1.85-2.25 (average 2.04) kg*(m) − 2 in soil-saving crop rotations. At the same time, the Cv in the control variant was 15.78 %, and in grass mixtures, respectively, it was at the level of 16.47 %; 18.74 % and 18.08 %. In alfalfa crops, the accumulation of mass in the underground layer was inferior to the control variant by an average of 27.2 %, and to soil conservation technologies-by an average of 31.9 %. Alfalfa crops, providing greater aboveground productivity, are more intensive in terms of production, but less effective means of increasing the content of organic matter in the soil compared to cereal-legume grass mixtures. In soil conservation agriculture, it is necessary to use cereal-legume grass mixtures as more natural-like, and to increase the intensification of agricultural production, alfalfa crops should be used.

scholarly journals Efficiency of growing spring wheat with the use of biological agents in light-chestnut soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This article presents the results of a study of spring wheat with the application of biological products. The positive effect of drugs on growth processes and productivity has been established. The conditions of spring wheat cultivation with the use of biologics and their influence on the yield of spring wheat were studied. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of biological preparations on the efficiency of growing spring wheat in light chestnut soils. Results of the presented studies on the impact on yield using growth stimulants and strains: flavobacterin 30, mizorin 7, strain 5S-2, strain 8 on spring wheat varieties: Esther, Lada, Lubava, in the Astrakhan region for 2016-2018. The results showed that when seeds were treated with growth promoters and strains, almost all variants increased their yield.

scholarly journals The effect of seed age and treatment by Proradix method on germinability and initial growth of selected meadow grass (Poa pratensis) varieties

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Vrzalová ◽  
Pavel Knot
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Germinating Capacity ◽  
Seed Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

The goal of the study conducted in 2008 and 2010 at the Research Forage Production Station in Vatín was to investigate the influence of seed age and seed treatment by Proradix method on the germination dynamics, total germinating capacity and initial growth rate of selected meadow grass varieties. The testing was carried out in controlled conditions on the germinator. Our results indicate that the age of seed significantly affects both the germination dynamics and the total germinating capacity. On day 7 after the establishment of the trial, a significantly higher germinating capacity was observed in the 4-year old seed (33.3%) as compared with the 2-year old seed (17.4%). Nevertheless, from day 13, higher germination values were recorded in the younger seed and its total achieved germinating capacity was significantly higher too (+7.2%). Interesting was a finding that the older seed of most varieties showed a more readily oncoming germination, which may play a quite important role in some cases namely in meadow grass, which is known by slow initial growth. The older seed exhibited significantly lower values of both above-ground biomass and the biomass of roots. The Proradix method appeared as efficient in boosting the total germinating capacity. It significantly increased germination rate as well as total germinating capacity. At the same time, a positive effect was observed of treatment by this method on the length of both shoot and root parts; the difference was statistically insignificant though.

scholarly journals Impact of Seed Treatments Pre-sowing and Organo-mineral Fertilizer on Spring Barley Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E.A. Abd El Hamid ◽  
P.D. Bugaev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root System ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Barley Root ◽  
Physiological Evaluation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of this experiment showed the effect of barley seeds pre-treatments and organo-mineral fertilizer on the morpho-physiological evaluation of seedlings, seed quality and productivity of spring barley (Mikhailovsky). Variance analysis results (ANOVA) showed extremely significant (p less than 0.05) variations between different treatments in all traits, where the treatments led to increasing the germination energy, laboratory germination, growth force and weight of 100 sprouts compared with control. There was a positive effect on the development of the barley root system. Pre-treatment of seeds in wet years have been proven to be the most effective, while the efficiency of seed treatment pre-sowing decreased when soil moisture was low. Therefore, in 2017 barley productivity increased when the seeds were treated with a mixture of Polaris with Siliplant by 25% compared to control, while in 2018 the yield increased (7.1%) when mixture of Siliplant with Polaris was applied compared to control.

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON GROWING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

Spring wheat is the main grain crop. Stable production of high-quality wheat grain is the key to the country's food independence. Therefore, the study of the elements of growing spring wheat technology, aimed at increasing the productivity of crops, is important. The study of the interaction of plants and microorganisms depending on the level of mineral nutrition in crop planning is currently ofparticular relevance. The use of biological products, growth regulators improves the mineral nutrition of plants, increases productivity and its quality, and also provides savings in mineral fertilizers. In the upper Volga region, the main spring crops are wheat, barley and oats. To further increase them in the region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the formation of yields and determine the most productive crops depending on the level of nutrition, biological products and growth regulators. The scientific article presents the results of the study of these drugs on the productivity of spring wheat. In field experiments, it was planned to get 30, 40 and 50 tons of grain per hectare. Fertilizers for the planned harvest were made taking into account the agrochemical properties of the soil. From biological products used Flavobacterin, which has a protective effect against diseases and improves product quality, from growth regulators used agrochemicals HUMATE + 7 (10 % liquid concentrate), which is characterized by high biological activity. The yield level was determined taking into account the average long-term moisture supply and qualitative assessment of arable land. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of crops, crop and its structure, quality characteristics of grain and economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the upper Volga region are presented. As a result of researches the optimum level of mineral nutrition for wheat, the efficacy of agrochemical diazotroph and programming yields of spring wheat, determined the photosynthetic activity of crops and grain yield, calculated economic efficiency of the studied techniques and established the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The program for obtaining the planned wheat yields in the years of the experiments was completed by 68-91 %. Close to the planned the program was implemented using a biological product and growth regulator-74-91 %.

P-Removal in Completely Mixed Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 325-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J. G. W. Donker ◽  
P. Opic ◽  
H. P. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Mixed System ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Mixed Systems ◽  
P Removal

Ca. 60 % of the Dutch activated sludge plants consist of completely mixed systems, experiments have been carried out in completely mixed pilot plants to study the biological P-removal. The research was carried out in two pilot plants. The pilot plants consisted of: anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, aerobic reactor and a clarifier. All the reactors were completely mixed. Both plants were fed with settled domestic waste water at a sludge loading of 400 and 250 g COD/kg sludge.day respectively. The results are given below:sludge loading (g COD/kg sludge.day)400400250ratio Anaerobic : Anoxic : Aerobic1: 1:2,71:1:4,11:1:2,7P-removal (%)802875N-removal (%)505065COD-removal (%)858585 It has been shown that there is no significant difference between the results at the two different sludge loadings. Remarkable is the difference between the ratio 1:1:2,7 in combination with the internal recirculation flow anoxic-anaerobic of 160 % and the ratio 1:1:4,1 with a recirculation flow of 30 %. During the start-up at a sludge loading of 250 g COD/kg sludge.day and an internal recirculation flow of 30 %, bulking sludge developed almost immediately. The Premoval was completely disturbed. Increasing the internal recirculation flow to 160% had a positive effect on settling properties and P-removal. This investigation has pointed out that a completely mixed system is suitable for biological P-removal, without negatively affecting the nitrification. Important factors in the process are the ratio anaerobic:anoxic:aerobic and the recirculation flows.

scholarly journals Shoot and Root Traits Underlying Genotypic Variation in Early Vigor and Nutrient Accumulation in Spring Wheat Grown in High-Latitude Light Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Fabio Fiorani ◽  
Ortrud Jäck ◽  
Tino Colombi ◽  
Kerstin A. Nagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Early Vigor

Plants with improved nutrient use efficiency are needed to maintain and enhance future crop plant production. The aim of this study was to explore candidate traits for pre-breeding to improve nutrient accumulation and early vigor of spring wheat grown at high latitudes. We quantified shoot and root traits together with nutrient accumulation in nine contrasting spring wheat genotypes grown in rhizoboxes for 20 days in a greenhouse. Whole-plant relative growth rate was here correlated with leaf area productivity and plant nitrogen productivity, but not leaf area ratio. Furthermore, the total leaf area was correlated with the accumulation of six macronutrients, and could be suggested as a candidate trait for the pre-breeding towards improved nutrient accumulation and early vigor in wheat to be grown in high-latitude environments. Depending on the nutrient of interest, different root system traits were identified as relevant for their accumulation. Accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur and calcium was correlated with lateral root length, whilst accumulation of phosphorus and magnesium was correlated with main root length. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to specific root system traits in the breeding of wheat towards improved nutrient accumulation to counteract the suboptimal uptake of some nutrient elements.

scholarly journals Slaughter Qualities and Chemical Composition of the Meat of the Broiler Chickens Fed with Thyme Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4113-4117
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
Low Temperature Drying ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of various dosages of the extract of the thyme medicinal plant on the slaughter qualities and the chemical composition of the meat of broiler chickens has been studied. The preparation was obtained by the method of water-ethanol extraction followed by low-temperature drying at the Agroecologia research laboratory of the Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy. The scientific economic experiment with the duration of 40 days was performed with broiler chickens of the Hubbard ISA F 15 cross at the broiler farm. One reference and five experimental groups of day-old broiler chickens were formed, 37 chickens in each group. The chickens in the reference group received basic diet, while the broilers in the experimental groups additionally received thyme extract in the following daily dosages: the first — 2 mg/kg, the second — 4 mg/kg, the third — 6 mg/kg, the fourth — 8 mg/kg, and the fifth — 10 mg/kg of body weight. At the end of the studies, the positive effect of feeding thyme extract on the characteristics of anatomical dissection of broiler chickens' carcasses was found. In the third, the fourth, and the fifth experimental groups, no significant differences were found, compared to the reference group. By the results of dispersion analysis of the data, a significant effect of thyme extract on the contents of lysine, threonine, and methionine has been found by the amino acid composition of the meat of broiler chickens.

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