scholarly journals Peat as a promising raw material for the creation of bacterial preparations in solid form

2021 ◽  
Vol 928 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
A V Kravets ◽  
N N Tereshchenko ◽  
O M Minaeva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
Solid Form

Abstract The possibility of using peat as a solid base for a microbial preparation was investigated. The basis of the microbial consortium of the drug was made up of Pseudomonas extremorientalis and Aeromonas media isolated from coprolites of the earthworms Eisenia fetida, Savigny. Among the studied peat species, eutrophic woody peat (pH = 5.7, degree of decomposition 48%) was chosen, which stimulated the increase in the aboveground mass (+ 11%) of wheat seedlings in preliminary tests. We assessed the viability of bacteria within 2 months after their adsorption on peat. On the 56th day of the experiment, the number of A. media in the variant with a peat carrier remained at the highest possible level - 107 CFU / ml. In a vegetation experiment, it was found that the use of two microbial cultures (in liquid form and in solid after adsorption of bacteria on peat) for presowing seed treatment led to an increase in wheat germination by 9% (83% for the liquid form and 92% for the solid form). Plant biomass increased in variants using bacteria on peat compared to using bacteria in liquid form. The presence of peat and P. extremorientalis increased the aboveground weight of wheat by 5%, while peat with a mixture of bacteria increased this figure by 15%. In variants with the use of P. extremorientalis on peat, the rate of development of plant diseases decreased in comparison with the liquid form by more than 3 times. With the combined use of bacteria, peat provides high rates of germination of seeds and aboveground mass. The research results indicate a greater efficiency of using a solid preparative form of a microbial preparation in comparison with a liquid one.

INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION DEGREE OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL ON RESPONSIVENESS OF SOWING PEAS TO NITROGEN NUTRITION LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
Harvest Maturity

The article presents the results of a vegetation experiment on studying an effect of increasing doses of nitrogen (factor С - N0; No.o5; No.io; N015; No.2o; N0,25 g/kg of absolutely dry soil) and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with biological preparation "Risotorphine" (factor В - no inoculation; by inoculation) on the formation of vegetative mass and grain yield ofpeas at cultivating in the conditions of a poorly cultivated (factor A0) and of a medium cultivated (factor A f sod-podzolic soil. Cultivation degree of soil was expressed by such criteria as power of an arable horizon, value of metabolic acidity and content of mobile phosphorus, a degree of saturation of soil with bases. For experience tab there were used Mitscher-lich cups with a capacity of 5 kg of absolutely dry soil (a.d.s.), in 16 repetitions of options. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of vegetation site on the territory of University Scientific Centre "Lipogorie" of FSBEI Perm GATA, guided by a science-based methodology. When harvesting peas for a green mass more intensive development and productivity of plants (23.3 and 58.9, 40.0, 78.8 g/cup, respectively) in the phase of stem branching and budding a beginning offlowering that is recorded for its use on the background of inoculation, usage of mineral nitrogen in a dose of 0.10 g/kg on a poorly cultivated soil and 0.15 g/kg a.d.s. on a medium cultivated soil. Applying of higher doses of nitrogen has a depressing effect on development of assimilating surface of pea plants on a poorly and a medium cultivated soil. When raising pea plants before harvest maturity of grain: in the conditions of a poorly cultivated soil for yield at the level of 7.92 g/cup, the process of carrying on only an inoculation of seed with microbial preparation "Rizotorfin" can be considered; in the medium cultivated soil varieties, plant peas impose higher requirements for the level of mineral nutrition the maximum yield in the experiment (which 9.22 g/cup), noted at a combined use of inoculation and mineral nitrogen in a dose of 0.20 g/kg a.d.s.

Distribution of proazulenes in Achillea millefolium s.l. wild populations in relation to phytosociological dependence and morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Radušiene ◽  
Odeta Gudaityte
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Node Number

Millefolii herba is one of the oldest and most important drugs in Lithuania, used both in folk and official medicine. The raw material is usually gathered from spontaneous populations. It would be reasonable to develop methods to identify the populations which produce high plant biomass and accumulate high levels of proazulenes. The quantitative variation of proazulenes and their relationships with phytosociological dependence and morphological characters of Achillea millefolium from wild populations has been examined. The vegetation records were made at 140 growing sites of A. millefolium. The species was found in 29 types of community representing different growing habitats. The resources of milfoils prevailed in dry grasslands of Arrhenatheretalia communities and ruderal habitats of Dauco-Meliliotion. The data on productivity and morphological characters were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that higher productivity of A. millefolium populations was associated with their dependence on ruderal and segetal communities. The testing of A. millefolium plants revealed high variation for proazulenes in different communities. The proazulene-containing plants have been identified in 38% of all analysed cases. In the highest segetal and wasteland communities of Agropyretalia repentis, Sisybietalia, Digitario-Setarion, Aperion spicae-venti, Senecion fluviatilis only proazulene-free plants were found. Results of the ANOVA showed the proazulene-containing and proazulene-free plants significantly differed (P<0.05) for width of leaves and number of nodes. The presence of nodes in high number and narrow leaves in high proazulene-containing plants distinctly marked them from the proazulene-free plants. The study raised the possibility that selection based on the two morphological marker traits (node number and leaf width) and proazulene distribution in the populations would be effective for rapid identification of highly productive population(s) of pharmaceutical importance.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Fertilization Effects on the Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenes in Essential Oils from Phoebe Bournei Twigs and Leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Gongxiu He ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Dangquan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fertilization Effects ◽  
Phoebe Bournei

Abstract Background: Phoebe bournei is a potential medicinal plant whose essential oil (EO) from leaves has potential inhibitory activities against some bacterium, tumor, and has a certain potential for hypoglycemic activity. Fertilization is a common and effective method to increase plant biomass, which can increase the raw material of essential oil, but has a certain impact on the composition and biological activity of plant essential oil. Results: The main components are sesquiterpenes in the essential oils from leaves and twigs. The yield of the essential oils and the content of their main components can be modulated by compost and compound fertilizer, to different degrees, and minor differences were registered among the categories of the components in essential oils. However, changes were strongly mirrored in some main components of essential oils. The content of the primary (+) - calarene in the leaf EO were strongly increased by compost, but the opposite happened by compound fertilizer. On the contrary, the effect of compound fertilizer was more significant on the main components of twig essential oil than compost. The transcriptome sequencing results of P. bournei showed that the total number of DEGs in twigs and leaves treated with compost were significantly more than that with compound fertilizer. No change was found in the expression of genes regulating principal components. However, the expression of several key genes regulating the upstream substrates for the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes was significantly changed: the expression of two key speed limiting enzymes genes (DXS and HMGR) and two important branch-point enzyme genes (FPPS and GGPPS) was significantly down regulated, while the expression of gene (HMGS) was significantly up-regulated.Conclusion: The expression levels of genes (DXS2, HMGR, FPPS and GGPPS) were significantly down regulated in leaves treated with compost, resulting in the changes of the yield and main components of the leaf essential oil. The effect of compost was more significant on the synthesis of the essential oil from P. bournei leaves than that of compound fertilizer.

Diluted versus potentitized probes of silver nitrate (10e-2 to 10e-10) and wheat germination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Corinne Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wheat Germination

Corinne Kraus, Ute Knobloch, Scherer Waltraud, Peter Christian Endler Interuniversity College for Health and Development Graz / Castle of Seggau, Austria Background In 1926, an influence of a homeopathically prepared high dilution of silver nitrate on the growth of coleoptiles of wheat seedlings was described (Kolisko 1926). Later, in an extensive series of experiments, wheat was observed under the influence of extremely diluted agitated silver nitrate (10e-23, “24x”). Stalk lengths clearly indicate that development is enhanced by the probe silver nitrate 24x as compared to control (Scherer et al. 2015). A preliminary experiment was performed in early autumn 2015 on stalk growth of wheat seedlings treated with (not potentized) dilutions of silver nitrate 10e-6 to 10e-10 (“6e to 10e”), compared to potentized silver nitrate 6x to 10x (N = 100 per group). A clear, albeit not statistically significant trend was observed of 6x-stalks being longer (23.4 + 16.2 mm) than 6e-stalks (13.0 + 10.9 mm). Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of diluted versus potentized low dilutions of silver nitrate (10e-2 to 10e-10) on wheat germination. Method The experiments were performed in late autumn 2015 on wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L., Capo variety). The grains were observed under the influence of aqueous solutions 10-2 to 10-10 part per weight of silver nitrate, either diluted in steps of 1 : 10 in distilled water by mere pipetting (probes “2e – 10e”), or diluted and agitated in steps of 1:10 (to create potentized probes “2x – 10x”). Untreated distilled water (“w”) served as an additional control. All probes were applied blindly. 100 grains were observed per treatment group in each of the groups resulting a total of 2,000 grains. Grains were placed in glass dishes, probes were added and dishes were covered with lids and placed in drawers . The following endpoint criteria were defined: K1 = visible emergence of sprout material, K2 = lifting of the operculum and emergence of the sprout and W1 = development of three roots.   Result Germination rates K1 of seedlings treated with “w”-probes (blue), with “e”-probes ranging from 2e to 10e (black) and with “x”-probes ranging from 2x to 10x (red) at the measuring points 20h, 24h and 28h (from left to right for each of the probes). In K1, K2 and W, there is an obvious increase of germination rates from the high to the lower concentrations of silver nitrate, both in the “e” and in the “x”-groups and observable at 20h, 24h and 28h (p < 0.01). In contrast, germination rates of the two „w“-probes are practically alike (p > 0,05) When “e” and “x”-data are compared, germination rates are higher under the influence of “x” than under the influence of “e” (p < 0.01 for the pooled “x”-values compared to the pooled “e”-values with regard to K1 as well as K2 as well as W). Conclusion: A significant difference was found between wheat grains treated with mere dilutions compared to grains treated with potentised dilutions. References 1. Endler PC, Belavite P, Bonamin L,Jäger T, Mazon S. Replication of fundamental research models in ultra high dilutions 1994 and 2015 – update on a bibliometric study. Special issue Homeopathy London. 2015 a Oktober;104(4):234-45. 2. Endler PC, Schulte J, Stock-Schroeer B, Stephen S. Ultra high Dilution 1994 revisited 2015 – the state of follow-up research. Special issue Homeopathy London. 2015 b Oktober;104(4):223-6. 3. Kolisko L. Physiologischer Nachweis der Wirksamkeit kleinster Entitäten bei 7 Metallen – Wirkung von Licht und Pflanzen auf das Pflanzenwachstum. Dornach Schweiz: Philosophisch-Anthroposophischer Verlag am Goetheanum; 1926. 4. Kraus C, Knobloch U. Diluted versus diluted and agitated probes of silver nitrate (10-2 to 10-10) and wheat germination, Thesis (MSc); branch campus UCN at Interuniversity College Graz / Schloss Seggau; 2016. 5. Scherer-Pongratz W., Endler P.C., Lothaller H., Stephen S. Wheat and ultra high diluted silver nitrate – further experiments and re-analysis of data. Special issue Homeopathy London. 2015;104(4):246-9.

scholarly journals Fast screening of some flavonoids content in raw plant materials: opportunities of 1H NMR spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Gennady Kalabin ◽  
Vasilii Vasil’ev ◽  
Vasilii Ivlev ◽  
Vasilii Babkin
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Raw Plant Materials

Environmental monitoring and assessment of the prospects for extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from various types of plant biomass requires the development of simple and fast methods for measuring their content in raw materials. A new approach for measuring the content of various flavonoids groups in plant raw material using 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed, which allows to characterize its resource capabilities and study the effects on their composition different environmental factors without complex sample preparation and standard samples.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soluble Fiber Dextrin on Subjective and Physiological Markers of Appetite: A Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3341
Author(s):  
Christine H. Emilien ◽  
Walter H. Hsu ◽  
James H. Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Breath Hydrogen ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Diet Diary ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Physiological Markers

Obesity is a leading public health problem throughout the world. The development of foods that increase satiety and reduce food may aid weight management. This study determined the effect of consuming soluble fiber dextrin (SFD) on appetite, appetitive hormones, breath hydrogen and food intake in adults. Forty-three participants completed this study. For each treatment, 50% of the SFD was provided in liquid form as part of breakfast and 50% in solid form as a morning snack. Appetite questionnaires, blood and breath samples were collected immediately before breakfast and at regular intervals during the test session. The participants consumed an ad libitum lunch meal, afternoon snack and dinner meal, and the amount eaten was recorded. Following dinner, participants left the laboratory but were required to keep a diet diary for the remainder of the day. Breath hydrogen concentration was significantly higher following the consumption of SFD compared to control (p < 0.05). There was no observed overall treatment effect of consuming SFD on GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1), ghrelin, CCK-8 (Cholecystokinin) or PYY3-36 (Petptide YY) (p > 0.05). Moreover, consuming foods containing SFD had no effect on subjective appetite or food intake (p > 0.05). Consuming foods containing SFD increased breath hydrogen but did not influence food intake, appetite or appetitive hormones. However, the limitations of this study may have individually or collectively masked an effect of SFD on food intake and appetite.

scholarly journals A Non-targeted Approach to Chemical Discrimination Between Green Tea Dietary Supplements and Green Tea Leaves by HPLC/MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghao Sun ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Long-Ze Lin ◽  
James M Harnly
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Accurate Mass Measurements ◽  
Chemical Discrimination ◽  
Green Tea Leaves ◽  
Solid Form

Abstract Green tea-based dietary supplements (GTDSs) have gained popularity in the U.S. market in recent years. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition difference of GTDS in comparison with green tea leaves using an HPLC/MS fingerprinting technique coupled with chemometric analysis. Five components that are most responsible for class separation among samples were identified as (-) epicatechin gallate, strictinin, trigalloylglucose, quercetin-3-O-glucosylrhamnosylglucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-galactosyl-rhamnosylglucoside, according to the accurate mass measurements and MS/MS data. The similarity coefficients between the GTDSs in solid form with green tea were 0.55 to 0.91, while for the GTDSs in liquid form they were 0.12 to 0.89, which suggested that chemical composition variance across the GTDSs was significant. Flavonol aglycone concentrations were higher in GTDSs than in tea leaves, indicating the degradation of flavonol glycosides or the oxidation of catechin during the manufacturing and storage processes. In some GTDS samples, compounds were identified that were on the label. The results demonstrate the urgency of QC for GTDS products.

Plant biomass as raw material for the production of olefins and motor fuels

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Paushkin ◽  
A. L. Lapidus ◽  
S. V. Adel'son
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Motor Fuels

THE NATURAL MICROFLORA OF THE SOIL IN RELATION TO THE FOOT-ROT PROBLEM OF WHEAT

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Natural Microflora ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Inhibitive Action

In these studies the natural microflora of the black loam soil typical of the Edmonton district of Alberta had a marked inhibitive action on the development of the wheat foot-rotting fungus Helminthosporium sativum when the latter was grown directly in this soil. The severity of foot-rot infection of wheat seedlings caused by this pathogene was correspondingly reduced as a result of this action. A trace of unsterilized soil serving as a source of the saprophytic soil organisms had almost as great an influence as a relatively large amount. A similar effect on Fusarium graminearum, another fungous pathogene which causes loot-rot of wheat, is indicated.Bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi isolated from black soil each had a suppressive action on H. sativum in the soil and reduced the severity of foot-rot infection caused by it, but the fungi were considerably more effective than the bacteria and actinomycetes tested. A combination of all of these organisms produced the most marked effect and one equivalent to that produced by the organisms of unsterilized soil.The significance of the results in connection with the foot-rot problem of wheat is briefly discussed and their possible bearing on other plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogenes is mentioned.

scholarly journals Water glass derived catalyst for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate via the transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-622
Author(s):  
Lanlan Xu ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Patrick Okoye ◽  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Sanxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Glass ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts

Water glasses with different modulus (mole ratio of SiO2 to Na2O) were applied as a raw material to prepare five solid base catalysts for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) by the transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The structure and properties of the five water glass-derived catalysts were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, BET and acid?base titration methods. The catalysts with relatively low modulus, including 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, presented good catalytic abilities, among which the catalyst derived from water glass with 2.0 modulus (WG-2.0) was chosen as the optimal catalyst in the synthesis of GC. This was because WG- -2.0 showed the highest BET surface area, relatively high total basicity, and needed a less amount of NaOH during the preparation process. In the optimization experiments, this catalyst exhibited good catalytic ability with the glycerol conversion of 96.3 % and GC yield of 94.1 % under the condition of glycerol to DMC mole ratio of 1:4, WG-2.0 amount of 4 wt. %, reaction temperature of 348 K and reaction time of 90 min. Furthermore, the reusability experiment of WG-2.0 was also conducted and the results indicated that WG- -2.0 could be reused five times without significant reduction in its catalytic ability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document