scholarly journals Possibilities of drip irrigation of vegetables in agricultural land of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
N M Ilkhamov ◽  
I G Kurbanov ◽  
J Kh Aliev ◽  
S E Ganiev ◽  
Ch V Toshpulatov

Abstract Reducing water consumption in crop irrigation in the world agriculture, studying soil moisture and water consumption by different irrigation methods, improving soil agrophysical properties and increasing productivity, as well as increasing the productivity of vegetable crops by various irrigation methods and improving phytosanitary conditions (weed and pest density, disease). Extensive research is being conducted to assess the level of one of the most pressing issues in agriculture is the development, improvement and widespread introduction of cost-effective irrigation methods in the spring and summer planting and care of vegetable crops in conditions of water scarcity.

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
N. N. Dubenok ◽  
R. V. Kalinichenko ◽  
M. V. Klimakhina ◽  
E. V. Matsyganova ◽  
K. B. Shumakova

Relevance. In Russia the issue of resource-saving irrigation of agricultural land is one of the most urgent, and total water consumption is one of the most important elements of the water balance of irrigated territory. Analyze the basic methods of determining the total water consumption, determine the average daily water consumption, total water consumption and zonal bioclimatic ratios for oats, barley with planting perennial herbs and perennial herbs in the conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on a stationary field experience in the Podolsk district of the Moscow District. To improve the individual elements of the water balance in these conditions were laid stationary water balancing sites (S=200 m2). The pre-21 thresholds for soil moisture was not less than 75%. The research was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods and recommendations. Total water consumption during the growing season and in the phases of plant development was determined by the method of water balance. Results. The total water consumption of crops by elements of the slope varies significantly between the upper and lower elements of the slope difference is 12-15 mm, which should be taken into account when calculating irrigation regimes on sloped lands. At the top of the slope it is necessary to carry out 1-2 watering more than at the base of the slope. Differentiated watering along the length of the slope allows to save irrigation water by 10-15%. The water consumption of crops in the context of the experience was greater in April and September than in the other months of growing. This is due to climate indicators. Total evaporation from the soil and plant surfaces depends on soil moisture, crop condition, wind speed, temperature and humidity. In April and September, the study years showed elevated temperatures and low relative humidity. When comparing the average daily water consumption at irrigated areas at the top and at the base of the slope, it is seen that in all the months of vegetation it is more on the upper section by an average of 12%. Bioclimatic coefficients depend on humidity and air temperature. The zonal coefficients we have obtained allow us to determine the water consumption of crops, both in each growing season and in general for vegetation.


Author(s):  
Jose David Esquicha-Tejada ◽  
Juan Carlos Copa-Pineda

Due to the problem of drinking water scarcity in different cities around the world, there are innovative proposals to automate garden irrigation in homes, to reduce drinking water consumption. For this research, a sample of 68 inhabitants of the Region of Arequipa - Peru has been surveyed to know the common habits in the irrigation of the gardens. From this data, two systems have been implemented in two average gardens using the Arduino UNO board (integrating with the Ethernet Shield) and the NodeMCU, each proposal integrates soil moisture sensors, water flow sensor, and actuators, such as the solenoid valve and the relay, besides centralizing the information through an IoT System (Home Assistant or Adafruit IO). This has managed to establish a comparison of both, generating a discussion according to the advantages and disadvantages addressed by each proposal and obtaining a saving of potable water in the irrigation of plants.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2796
Author(s):  
Ukasha Ramli

Physical water scarcity is a growing threat to people’s lives around the world. Non-pecuniary interventions that encourage water conservation amongst households are an effective tool to promote sustainable consumption. In a randomised field experiment on 3461 UK households, a social norms based eco-feedback intervention was found to reduce water consumption by around 5.43 L a day or by 1.8% over 29 months. This effect did not persist for the 10 months after the intervention was stopped suggesting a lack of habit formation. Unlike previous studies, households with low consumption at baseline reduced their consumption the most, while high consumers did not. Heterogeneity was also found across quantile treatment effects, where households in the top and bottom quantiles increased their consumption. These results further contribute to the growing evidence on the effectiveness of combining social norms and eco-feedback as an intervention for conservation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861

Water scarcity is one of the important global risks causing a great dispute around the world. How to obtain a suitable water quantity or quality that affects the economy of the world. Egypt is a country suffering from water scarcity due to the high rates of population growth with a fixed share of the Nile water which is considered as the main Egyptian water resource. The present work aims to apply the concept of virtual water on the agricultural products to suggest the replacement of crops having relatively high water consumption and low prices with other crops having low water consumption and high prices. The impacts of the replacement process was achieved through the classification of selected 22 crops and grouped into four groups based on their Specific Water Demand (SWD) and their world prices, then the crops contained in the group of the lowest water consumption and the highest price will be proposed to be exported and the crops in the group of the highest water consumption with the lowest price will be proposed to be imported. The effect of crop replacement within the 22 crops was measured by calculating the Relative Specific Water Demand (RSWD), the Relative Area (RA) saved and consequently the relative cash return. A Matlab program was constructed and calibrated through comparing its results with the CropWat model of FAO database to calculate the SWD of the selected crops cultivated in Egypt. Regarding the results, “Barley” was the best crop proposed to be imported and replaced by Tomato where the RSWD reaches 15.70 m 3 /ton, the relative area saved reaches 10.138 ha/ton and the relative cash return reaches 5691 (1000$/ton). On the other hand, the process of replacement gives a complete vision to the decision makers to decide the priority of the imported crops according to the local market needs taking into consideration the economic situation in the country.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e1500323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin M. Mekonnen ◽  
Arjen Y. Hoekstra

Freshwater scarcity is increasingly perceived as a global systemic risk. Previous global water scarcity assessments, measuring water scarcity annually, have underestimated experienced water scarcity by failing to capture the seasonal fluctuations in water consumption and availability. We assess blue water scarcity globally at a high spatial resolution on a monthly basis. We find that two-thirds of the global population (4.0 billion people) live under conditions of severe water scarcity at least 1 month of the year. Nearly half of those people live in India and China. Half a billion people in the world face severe water scarcity all year round. Putting caps to water consumption by river basin, increasing water-use efficiencies, and better sharing of the limited freshwater resources will be key in reducing the threat posed by water scarcity on biodiversity and human welfare.


Author(s):  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
Lilik Wahyuni ◽  
Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah ◽  
Dian Islami Prasetyaningrum

Increased infrastructure development has significantly impacted world agriculture, generally in Indonesia and particularly in Ngawi Regency. Due to the narrowing of agricultural land is an unavoidable necessity. It can be seen in the annual loss of agricultural land due to the eroded flow of development, which will doubt harm agricultural production. Because the agricultural land is decreasing, achieving food self-sufficiency in the world in the coming years will be difficult. The fact is the cause of the narrowness of agricultural land for infrastructure development. In addressing the issues mentioned above, research into the knowledge/literacy of farmers in the Ngawi Regency is required; specifically, developing farmer knowledge will enable farmers to continue farming. According to the research's findings: farmers have a deep understanding of agriculture; they mostly learn from their parents, the Internet, and neighbors; farmers learn about pest and disease cultivation and marketing aspects from the Internet.


Author(s):  
Valery Yashin

Представлены материалы исследований формирования режима влажности и динамики грунтовых вод орошаемых солонцовых комплексных почв при различных способах полива, проведенные в Волгоградском Заволжье. Установлена значительная неравномерность распределения влажности почвы при поливах дождеванием. Отмечается поверхностный сток по микрорельефу до 30% от поливной нормы, что приводит к недостаточности увлажнения корневой зоны на солонцах и переувлажнению почв в понижениях микрорельефа и потере оросительной воды на инфильтрационное питание грунтовых вод.The article presents the materials of research on the formation of the humidity regime and dynamics of ground water of irrigated saline complex soils under various irrigation methods, conducted in the Volgograd Zavolzhye. A significant unevenness in the distribution of soil moisture during irrigation with sprinkling has been established. There is a surface runoff on the microrelief of up to 30% of the irrigation norm, which leads to insufficient moisture of the root zone on the salt flats and waterlogging of the soil in the microrelief depressions and loss of irrigation water for infiltration feed of ground water.


Author(s):  
Sreeharsha N. ◽  
Bargale Sushant Sukumar ◽  
Divyasree C. H.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to make proper utilisation of glucose, resulting in the condition of hyperglycaemia. Excess glucose in the blood ultimately results in high levels of glucose being present in the urine (glycosuria). This increase the urine output, which leads to dehydration and increase thirst. India has the largest diabetic population in the world. Changes in eating habits, increasing weight and decreased physical activity are major factors leading to increased incidence of Diabetes. Lifestyle plays an important role in the development of Diabetes. Yoga offers natural and effective remedies without toxic side-effects, and with benefits that extend far beyond the physical. This system of Yoga is a simple, natural programme involving five main principles: proper exercise, proper breathing, proper relaxation, proper diet and positive thinking and meditation. It is a cost effective lifestyle intervention technique.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Żanna Stręk ◽  
Przemysław Leń ◽  
Justyna Wójcik-Leń ◽  
Paweł Postek ◽  
Monika Mika ◽  
...  

In many countries of the world, rural areas are characterized by a defective spatial structure of agricultural land. The most frequent defects are large fragmentation and distribution of farmland. The fragmentation of land has been an issue widely described by many authors throughout the world. The problem of the distribution of land owned by individual farmers is slightly different, since due to the complexity of the problem this issue was not widely explored in Poland (plot patchwork) or in other countries of Europe and the world. Land fragmentation and distribution of plots in rural areas has a negative effect on the profitability and efficiency of agricultural production. Land consolidation and exchange is an operation facilitating spatial structure improvement. The authors attempted to develop a universal land exchange algorithm for eliminating the external plot patchwork. As it turns out, so far no land exchange algorithm has been developed. Specific analyses were carried out in Puchaczów commune, county of Łęczna, Lublin voivodeship in the eastern part of Poland, covering an area of 6907.80 ha, split into 15,211 plots. The chequerboard arrays method was used. The publication presents the algorithm and its practical application using a test sample. A result of the studies is a proposal concerning the exchange of land between landowners in the villages of the commune of Puchaczów. Using the algorithm, the area of individual lands in the commune, after the exchange, will increase by 172.09 ha, which is 2.5% for the area of individual lands, and 1.9% for the commune.


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