scholarly journals Macrofungal identification and species richness in Cigelung Landscape and its influence on the presence of oil palm pathogens in PTPN VIII

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
P F Arko ◽  
L I Sudirman ◽  
I Qayim
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Past Data ◽  
Line Intercept

Abstract Dungus Iwul Nature Reserved (CADI) is a remnant patch of tropical rainforest converted into plantations with neither past data nor study in macrofungi. In this article, we explored and identified macrofungal fruitbody in CADI and PTPN VIII Oil Palm Plantation (PTPN) around the nature reserve. The inventory was carried out with the opportunistic sampling methods assisted by the line intercept. Morphological characteristics were used to identify the macrofungal fruitbodies species. We found that the species richness in the study area stood at 120, with 70 species found in CADI, 23 species in PTPN planted in 2003, and 57 species in PTPN planted in 2004. These 120 species consist of 76 genera, 41 families, 11 orders, and four classes in Subkingdom Dikarya. Schizophyllum commune and Marasmiellus candidus in CADI and S. commune in PTPN planted in 2003 and 2004 were the species found with the highest relative frequency. Neither sign of basal stem rot on oil palm trees nor Ganoderma fruitbodies were found in both PTPN study locations, even though the fruitbodies were found in CADI. Further research is needed to determine if nature reserve could be a barrier against pathogens of monoculture oil palm plantation in a similar landscape model.

scholarly journals Pengamatan dan Pemetaan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) dan Kamera Multispektral

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Heri Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Surveillance and Mapping of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm Plantation Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Multispectral Camera Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninensis is still a major disease in oil palm plantations both in Indonesia and Malaysia. In some countries, remote sensing approach has been used for monitoring BSR in oil palm plantation. However, the utilization of satellite imagery in remote sensing especially in vegetation study on the tropical region was often limited by cloud cover. A drone or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) utilization is the best way to deal with cloud cover in the tropic region. Machine learning of random forest (RF) and satellite imagery used in the BSR study produced good accuracy. This research was aimed to identify and monitor the BSR infection on individual oil palm trees using an UAV and multispectral camera and RF classification. The results showed that the data acquired from UAV was affected by cloud shadows. The RF classification of healthy and infected oil palm trees by BSR disease and the spreading map of BSR infection was affected by cloud shadows. The highest accuracy of healthy and infected oil palm by BSR was 79.49%. Reflectance calibrator, digital to reflectance conversion, and model implications to build spreading map of BSR infection need to be conducted both on the clear area and the cloud shadow-covered area. Moreover, the UAV-based data should be considering the cloud view on the coverage area.

scholarly journals Advances in the Interpretation of Tomographic Images as an Early Detection Method of Oil Palm Affected by Basal Stem Rot in Colombia

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1559-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arango ◽  
G. Martínez ◽  
G. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Palm Trees

Basal stem rot, one of the most important diseases of oil palm in Southeast Asia, has also been identified in Colombia. The increase in disease incidence in the last decade has attracted the attention of producers and researchers. In the search for a procedure that allows for the early identification of diseased palm, Cenipalma evaluated the use of electrical impedance tomography to identify the different stages of development of basal stem rot. The tomograms were compared with transversal sections of healthy and diseased oil palm trees. Following Cenipalma’s preliminary studies on early diagnosis of basal stem rot with tomography, the present study improved upon the technique by analyzing the tomograms of 209 diseased palm trees (confirmed by symptomatology), 346 asymptomatic palm trees, and 132 healthy palm trees. The minimum and maximum electric impedance values as well as the ratio between these values was recorded. The range of 1 to 95 Ω was used to represent the internal damage. The ratios averaged 5.1 for diseased, 1.9 for asymptomatic, and 1.5 for healthy palm trees. With the range and the ratio criteria established, it was possible to identify the disease in 100% of asymptomatic sampled palm trees. This study demonstrated that electrical impedance tomography is a powerful tool for early detection of basal stem rot, which can be used to establish an early disease management program.

scholarly journals Parasitoid Diversity and Host-Parasitoid Interaction in Oil Palm Plantations with Different Management System

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Tawakkal ◽  
Damayanti Buchori ◽  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Adha Sari ◽  
Pudjianto Pudjianto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management System ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Interaction Structure ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests

Parasitoids play an important role in controlling pests, including pests of oil palm. To maximize biological control technique using parasitoids, interactions between pests and parasitoids need to be studied. This research aimed to study parasitoid diversity and host-parasitoid interaction in oil palm plantation with the different management system. The field research was conducted in oil palm plantation own by smallholder and company (PT Humusindo) in Jambi. Sampling insects was conducted by collecting pests (parasitoid host) on oil palm trees with age of four years old. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of the pests were taken directly by hand then reared in the laboratory to know their parasitoids. Pests and parasitoids emerged were identified up to morphospecies or species level. A total of 176 lepidopteran pests consisting of 15 morphospecies and 6 families, and 650 parasitoids consisting of 21 morphospecies and 12 families have been collected. Nine morphospecies of pests from 25 individuals were found in smallholder plantation and 14 morphospecies of pests from 151 individuals in company plantation. Eight morphospecies of 26 parasitoids were found in smallholder plantations and 8 morphospecies of 624 parasitoids in the company plantation. The interaction structure between pests and parasitoids is more complex in the company plantation than in smallholder plantations. Family Braconidae and Ichneumonidae are the most parasitoids found and associated with nettle caterpillars. The different of the management system of oil palm plantation did not affect the diversity and abundance of pests as well as their parasitoids in oil palm plantations.

scholarly journals Response of Understory Bird Feeding Groups to Deforestation Gradient in a Tropical Rainforest of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292090697
Author(s):  
Mélanie A. Tchoumbou ◽  
Elikwo F. N. Malange ◽  
Claire T. Tiku ◽  
Brice Tibab ◽  
Jerome Fru-Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Birds are crucial in maintaining the balance of many ecosystems and provide various ecological services. Understanding their sensitivity to human disturbances should be prioritized in understudy areas for effective conservation practices. Using mist nets, this study characterized mostly understory bird communities (insectivorous, frugivorous, granivorous, and nectarivorous birds) in three habitat types (pristine forest, selectively logged forest, and young oil palm plantation) in the Talangaye rainforest, Southwest Cameroon. A total of 845 birds belonging to 27 families and 85 species were recorded in the three habitats after 294 h of mist netting. Overall, the mist-netted community was largely dominated by insectivores, followed by frugivores, nectarivores, granivores, and carnivores. Although mean species richness, abundance, and Simpson diversity index did not vary significantly among habitat types, mean species abundance and diversity index decreased in selectively logged forest and young oil palm plantation and species richness increased in both habitats. The species richness, abundance, and diversity index for insectivorous and frugivorous birds were lowest in the young oil palm plantations. For granivores, species richness and abundance increased following selective logging and the establishment of oil palm plantation. The highest mean species richness and diversity index in nectarivores were recorded in the young oil palm plantations. The study showed that selective logging and establishment of oil palm plantation had variable effects on the bird communities in the Talangaye rainforest. Also, the frugivorous birds appeared to be more sensitive to both types of disturbances, while the insectivores were more sensitive to habitat loss/conversion.

scholarly journals Classification of Non-Infected and Infected with Basal Stem Rot Disease Using Thermal Images and Imbalanced Data Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2373
Author(s):  
Izrahayu Che Hashim ◽  
Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff ◽  
Siti Khairunniza Bejo ◽  
Farrah Melissa Muharam ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Imbalanced Data ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Rot Disease

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease occurs due to the most aggressive and threatening fungal attack of the oil palm plant known as Ganoderma boninense (G. boninense). BSR is a disease that has a significant impact on oil palm crops in Malaysia and Indonesia. Currently, the only sustainable strategy available is to extend the life of oil palm trees, as there is no effective treatment for BSR disease. This study used thermal imagery to identify the thermal features to classify non-infected and BSR-infected trees. The aims of this study were to (1) identify the potential temperature features and (2) examine the performance of machine learning (ML) classifiers (naïve Bayes (NB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and random forest (RF) to classify oil palm trees that are non-infected and BSR-infected. The sample size consisted of 55 uninfected trees and 37 infected trees. We used the imbalance data approaches such as random undersampling (RUS), random oversampling (ROS) and synthetic minority oversampling (SMOTE) in these classifications due to the different sample sizes. The study found that the Tmax feature is the most beneficial temperature characteristic for classifying non-infected or infected BSR trees. Meanwhile, the ROS approach improves the curve region (AUC) and PRC results compared to a single approach. The result showed that the temperature feature Tmax and combination feature TmaxTmin had a higher correct classification for the G. boninense non-infected and infected oil palm trees for the ROS-RF and had a robust success rate, classifying correctly 87.10% for non-infected and 100% for infected by G. boninense. In terms of model performance using the most significant variables, Tmax, the ROS-RF model had an excellent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve region (AUC) of 0.921, and the precision–recall curve (PRC) region gave a value of 0.902. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ROS-RF, using the Tmax, can be used to predict BSR disease with relatively high accuracy.

scholarly journals Applying GIS for Mapping Agricultural Roads Network in Felda Trolak Utara for Oil Palm Plantation Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Mohamad Khairil Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
General Context ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Palm Trees

Malaysia oil palm industry is the leading commodities and one of the major contributors to the Malaysia economic after oil and gas sector. Malaysia and Indonesia palm oil plantations are the major commodity producer with Malaysia currently being the world’s second-largest area of oil palm after Indonesia. Together these two countries account about 84% of total world production and 88% of global exports. With the increasing price and demands for the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and with the 4.69 million hectares that were planted with oil palm trees, plantation industry and estate managers has to look into the most crucial factor that will decide the yield and quality of the CPO that is being sent to the mill. Typically, palm oil plantations include production areas requiring supporting infrastructure such as buildings, roads and services/management. When there is a better management of the roads in the estates, better Fresh fruit Bunch (FFB) and CPO quality will be sent to mill and processed. Road transport has a fundamental meaning for the sustainable agriculture. Poor quality and inadequate coverage of roads, lack of maintenance operations and outdated road maps continue to hinder economic development in the plantation. This work focuses on studying the present state of road infrastructure and its mapping in Felda Trolak Utara, Perak. The road infrastructure of the study area is studied by GPS and GIS based methodology. Data of road infrastructure characteristics were collected from GPS device and road infrastructure of the test sites then analyzed in GIS environment. The results of this study may be applied to road infrastructure mapping in oil palm plantation in general context, although with certain limits. In particular, the “noise” of road network occurred and need to rectify the topologies of the network.

scholarly journals Machine-Learning Approach Using SAR Data for the Classification of Oil Palm Trees That Are Non-Infected and Infected with the Basal Stem Rot Disease

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Izrahayu Che Hashim ◽  
Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff ◽  
Siti Khairunniza Bejo ◽  
Farrah Melissa Muharam ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Mlp Model

Basal stem rot disease (BSR) in oil palm plants is caused by the Ganoderma boninense (G. boninense) fungus. BSR is a major disease that affects oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia. As of now, the only available sustaining measure is to prolong the life of oil palm trees since there has been no effective treatment for the BSR disease. This project used an ALOS PALSAR-2 image with dual polarization, Horizontal transmit and Horizontal receive (HH) and Horizontal transmit and Vertical receive (HV). The aims of this study were to (1) identify the potential backscatter variables; and (2) examine the performance of machine learning (ML) classifiers (Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF) to classify oil palm trees that are non-infected and infected by G. boninense. The sample size consisted of 55 uninfected trees and 37 infected trees. We used the imbalance data approach (Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) in these classifications due to the differing sample sizes. The result showed backscatter variable HV had a higher correct classification for the G. boninense non-infected and infected oil palm trees for both classifiers; the MLP classifier model had a robust success rate, which correctly classified 100% for non-infected and 91.30% for infected G. boninense, and RF had a robust success rate, which correctly classified 94.11% for non-infected and 91.30% for infected G. boninense. In terms of model performance using the most significant variables, HV, the MLP model had a balanced accuracy (BCR) of 95.65% compared to 92.70% for the RF model. Comparison between the MLP model and RF model for the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve region, (AUC) gave a value of 0.92 and 0.95, respectively, for the MLP and RF models. Therefore, it can be concluded by using only the HV polarization, that both the MLP and RF can be used to predict BSR disease with a relatively high accuracy.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF NATURAL HABITAT ON DIVERSITY OF HEMIPTERAN PREDATOR IN OIL PALM PLANTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Toto Himawan ◽  
Ima Fitriani ◽  
Bambang Tri Rahardjo ◽  
Sri Karindah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Effect of Natural Habitat on Diversity of Hemipteran Predator in Oil Palm Plantation. Utillization of natural enemies in controlling oil palm pests still encounters obstacles, in particular, how natural enemies can survive and establish in oil palm plantations. The existence of natural habitats around oil palm plantations can allegedly support the occurence of natural enemies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence of natural habitats on diversity of hemipteran predators in oil palm plantations. Field research was conducted in oil palm plantations located in Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan. The plots were oil palm plantations with different distances from natural habitat i.e. near (less than 200 m), medium (about 2 km) and far (about 5 km). Each plot was selected six trees for fogging using insecticide with active ingredient lamda cyhalothrin. Based on research result, diversity of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantion was found 19 species belong to 2 families. The most dominant hemipteran predator was Sycanus sp., Eocanthecona sp. and Reduviidae sp5. The distance of oil palm plantation from natural habitat did not affect species richness, abundance and composition as well as recolonization of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantation. Abundance of hemipteran predator tend to decrease in different observation time, except Sycanus sp. Sycanus sp was likely has ability to rapidly recolonized and their occurrence were influenced by flowering vegetation in oil palm plantation.

scholarly journals Pengaruh musim terhadap kelimpahan kumbang moncong (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada tipe penggunaan lahan berbeda di lanskap Hutan Harapan dan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas, Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Fatimah Siddikah ◽  
Rizky Nazarreta ◽  
Damayanti Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Almost All

<p>Land-use change from forest to plantation can cause the loss of various types of insect diversity group, one of which is the beetle group. Curculionids or weevils is one of the largest families in the Order Coleoptera due to its adaptability in almost all habitats in nature. This research is aimed to study the effect of seasonality on species richness and the abundance of weevils in oil palm and rubber plantation in Hutan Harapan and Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi. Sample was collected in the dry season and rainy season 2013–2014 by fogging method using pyrethroid knockdown insecticides. In each land use, 4 observation plots were erected with selected 3 points as a subplots, so there are 16 plots or 48 subplots in total. The results showed that 1.761 individuals of weevils from 9 subfamilies and 45 morphospecies. Based on analysis, seasonal difference did not affect species richness and abundance of weevils, while land-use types affect abundance of weevils. Analysis of similarity using Bray-Curtis Index showed 4% of similarity in two land-use types, and 46% of similarity between two seasons. The diversity index in oil palm plantation were lower than rubber plantation. The most dominant species that can be found in both land-use types is<em> Elaeidobius kamerunicus </em>Faust., while <em>Rhynchophorus</em> sp.01 is only found in oil palm plantation, and <em>Curculio</em> sp.04 is only found in rubber plantation.</p>

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