scholarly journals Genetic construction of HBsAg gene subgenotype B3 in Lactococcus lactis as hepatitis B vaccine candidate

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
A Z Mustopa ◽  
H H Putri ◽  
Kusdianawati ◽  
B R Budiarto ◽  
A Kusumawati ◽  
...  

Abstract Hepatitis B is an inflammatory liver disease caused by HBV (Hepatitis B Virus). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) induces immune system forming antibodies. HBV subgenotype B3 is common in Asian Countries. Thus, the development of HBsAg subgenotype B3 vaccine was done because its prevalence is high in Indonesia (especially in Javanese) and other Asian countries. The research methods were preparation of the HBsAg gene subgenotype B3, cloning and transformation the HBsAg gene in Escherichia coli MC1061, and transformation in Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis). HBsAg gene subgenotype B3 was obtained from the pIDT-HBsAg subgenotype B3 plasmid. The HBsAg gene subgenotype B3 successfully cloned and transformed into E. coli MC1061 and L. lactis. The PCR results of the transformant E. coli MC1061 (pNZ8148-HBsAg subgenotype B3) colonies were found in colonies 8, 17, and 20 indicated by the presence of 1226 bps bands. 8 colonies were obtained from PCR results of L. lactis transformants (pNZ8148-HBsAg subgenotype B3). The construction of the HBsAg subgenotype B3 gene has 100% similarity compare to the hepatitis B virus isolated from Java on 1839. Therefore, the construction of pNZ8148-HBsAg subgenotype B3 using host cells L. lactis can be used as a vaccine candidate.

Author(s):  
Sathiyakala Rajendiran ◽  
Ushadevi Gopalan ◽  
Karthika Jayakumar

Background: Vertical transmission of infection from mother to infants is a very important route of transmission of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women usually goes undetected. The hepatitis B surface antigen in serum is the first seromarker to indicate active HBV infection. This study was done to determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg in healthy asymptomatic antenatal women.Methods: It was a hospital based study over a period of two years. A total of 1282 antenatal patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen.Results: The prevalence rate of HBsAg was found to be 1.01 %( 13 positive out of 1282 cases). Highest prevalence was in age group 26-30(46%) followed by age group 31-35(30.8%) followed by age group 20-25 yrs (23.1%).Conclusions: Screening of all pregnant women for HBV irrespective of risk factors will reduce the prevalence and risks of HBV infection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Jagjeewan Ram ◽  
Lubna Khan ◽  
Namrata Nigam ◽  
Aparna Singh

BACKGROUND Every blood transfusion is associated with 1 % chance of transfusion associated problems including transfusion transmitted blood-borne infections to its recipient. The major globally prevalent transfusion transmitted infections are human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, syphilis and malaria parasite. We wanted to compare safety of blood among replacement and voluntary donations by comparing the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among them. METHODS All donors were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay for five transfusion transmissible infectious agents - human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis by collecting plasma from the pilot tube attached to the blood bag. Malaria was tested from whole blood sample. RESULTS A total of 24,491 donors was included in the study. Among them 21,090 (86.11 %) were replacement and 3,401 (13.89 %) were voluntary donors. Out of 24,491 donors, 560 (2.29 %) units tested positive. Hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen) is found to be the most prevalent transfusion transmitted infection among both replacement donations and voluntary donations. CONCLUSIONS There should be more voluntary donations to achieve safer blood transfusion practices as self-deferral by donors with high risk condition is the most effective way to reduce prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections. KEYWORDS Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis, Replacement Donors, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, Voluntary Donors


2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Voiculescu

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.


2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (28) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Tornai

A krónikus vírushepatitisek jelentik ma a legismertebb okokat a hepatocellularis carcinoma (HCC) kialakulásában. A krónikus B- és C-vírus-hepatitis a májrákok körülbelül 40-50%-át okozza. A nyugati típusú társadalmakban a HCC előfordulása folyamatosan növekvő tendenciát mutat. Az alkohol számít a környezeti tényezők közül a legfontosabbnak, bár az alkoholfogyasztás a legtöbb országban csökken. Ez aláhúzza az egyéb környezeti tényezők fontosságát is. Az elfogyasztott alkoholmennyiséggel egyenes arányban növekszik a cirrhosis és a következményes HCC gyakorisága nőkben és férfiakban egyaránt. A kémiai anyagok közül a legismertebb a Kínában és Afrikában elterjedt aflatoxin, amely a gabonaféléket szennyező mycotoxin. Hasonló területeken endémiás, mint a hepatitis B-vírus, együtt szinergista hatást fejtenek ki. A dohányzás is egyértelműen bizonyított hepatocarcinogen hatással rendelkezik. Ez is jelentősen fokozódik, ha alkoholfogyasztással vagy vírushepatitisszel társul. Társadalmilag talán a legfontosabb az elhízás, a következményes nem alkoholos zsírmáj, illetve steatohepatitis és a 2-es típusú cukorbetegség, amelyek prevalenciája egyre fokozódik. Feltehetően ezek állnak a növekvő HCC-gyakoriság hátterében. Az inzulinrezisztencia és az oxidatív stressz képezik a legfontosabb patogenetikai lépéseket a májsejtkárosodásban. További fontos rizikótényező az orális fogamzásgátlók elterjedt használata. Egyes foglalkozások esetén a tartós szervesoldószer-expozíció is növeli a HCC rizikóját. Védelmet jelenthetnek az antioxidánsok, a szelén, a gyógyszerek közül a statinok és a feketekávé-fogyasztás.


2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 2679-2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Makuwa ◽  
Sandrine Souquière ◽  
Olivier Bourry ◽  
Pierre Rouquet ◽  
Paul Telfer ◽  
...  

In order to determine whether geographical or species clustering accounts for the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in subspecies of chimpanzees in Africa, four complete chimpanzee HBV (ChHBV) genome sequences were obtained from eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive wild-born chimpanzees from Cameroon, Republic of Congo and Gabon. The serological profiles of these chimpanzees corresponded to the acute or chronic highly replicative phase of HBV infection, as confirmed by high plasma HBV loads. Analysis of the sequence alignment of 256 aa (S region) from the eight HBV-infected chimpanzees allowed us to determine the HBV amino acid patterns specific to each chimpanzee subspecies and to their geographical origin. Phylogenetic analysis of both the S region and the complete genome confirmed this distinctive clustering of eight novel ChHBV strains within Pan troglodytes. The strong phylogenetic associations of ChHBV sequences with both chimpanzee subspecies and their geographical origin were therefore confirmed.


Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Caviglia ◽  
Angelo Armandi ◽  
Chiara Rosso ◽  
Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone ◽  
Rinaldo Pellicano ◽  
...  

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently-closed-circular (ccc)DNA is the key molecule responsible for viral persistence within infected hepatocytes. The evaluation of HBV cccDNA is crucial for the management of patients with chronic HBV infection and for the personalization of treatment. However, the need for liver biopsy is the principal obstacle for the assessment of intrahepatic HBV cccDNA. In the last decade, several studies have investigated the performance of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) as a surrogate of HBV cccDNA amount in the liver. In this meta-analysis, we collected 14 studies (1271 patients) investigating the correlation between serum HBcrAg and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA. Serum HBcrAg showed a high correlation with intrahepatic HBV cccDNA (r = 0.641, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.510–0.743, p < 0.001). In a head-to-head comparison, we observed that the performance of HBcrAg was significantly superior to that of hepatitis B surface antigen (r = 0.665 vs. r = 0.475, respectively, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the correlation between HBcrAg and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA was high, both in hepatitis B e antigen-positive and -negative patients (r = 0.678, 95% CI 0.403–0.840, p < 0.001, and r = 0.578, 95% CI 0.344–0.744, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the measurement of serum HBcrAg qualifies as a reliable non-invasive surrogate for the assessment of an intrahepatic HBV cccDNA reservoir.


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