scholarly journals Effect of urea coating by chitosan on the dynamics of ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
S Nayohan ◽  
K G Wiryawan ◽  
A Jayanegara
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coating urea by chitosan at graded levels on ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro. This study used Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to test ammonia parameter and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for pH, microbial protein synthesis, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). The treatments tested were: P0 = addition non coating urea 1%; P1 = coating urea by chitosan 1%; P2 = coating urea by chitosan 2%; P3 = coating urea by chitosan 3%. The data obtained were analysed by using ANOVA and continued with Tukey HSD test with SPSS version 25. The results of this study showed that the coating of urea chitosan had no significant effect on pH, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and amonia concentration in the rumen. However, it significantly reduced (P <0.05) total VFA concentration. It can be concluded that the application of urea coating by chitosan does not affect on the degradation of urea in the rumen.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Jerami Padi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kecernaan Nutrien dan Produk Fermentasi Rumen Kerbau dengan Feces Sebagai Sumber Inokulum

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syapura Syapura ◽  
Muhamad Bata ◽  
Wardhana Surya Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Improving of rice straw quality and its effect on ability nutrient digestibility and rumen metabolism products of buffalo in-vitro with feces as inoculum source ABSTRACT.  This study was aimed to determine the effect of feeding  ammoniated rice straw plus concentrate on buffalo nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation products by in vitro. The Research was carried out by using  experimental method, designed according to completely  randomized design (CRD). The source of inoculum was obtain from different feces of three  buffalos kept in  Datar Village of Purwokerto region fed  rice straw, rice straw plus concentrate and rice straw ammoniated plus concentrate with dry matter ratio of 80 : 20. The treatments tested consisted of three treatments, namely R0 =  control feed using rice straw; R1 = the use of rice straw plus concentrate with a ratio of  (DM basis) 80:20; R2 = the use of ammoniated rice straw plus concentrate with a ratio of (DM basis) 80:20. The treatments were repeated 7 times, so there were 21 experimental units. The Variables measured included total VFA, Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS),   Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility. The result of this study showed that the treatment had an effect significant (P0.05) on the concentration of VFA, Ratio A/P,  N-NH3,  Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), and Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility. The HSD test showed that the highest production of  VFA,Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility were achieved at R2 followed by R1 and R0 respectively. The conclusion is that the ammoniated rice straw supplemented with concentrate can be recommended to be fed to buffalo

Effect of pine-based biochars with differing physiochemical properties on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbiota in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed barley silage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Gabriel O. Ribeiro ◽  
Tim A. McAllister ◽  
Kim H. Ominski ◽  
Atef M. Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Barley Silage

This study investigated the effects of three pine-based biochar products on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley-silage-based total mixed ration (TMR). Treatments consisted of 10 g TMR supplemented with no biochar (control) and three different biochars (CP016, CP024, and CP028) included at 20 g·kg−1 DM. Treatments were assigned to 16 fermenters (n = 4 per treatment) in two RUSITEC units in a randomized block design for a 17 d experimental period. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, with treatment and day of sampling as fixed effects and RUSITEC unit and fermenters as random effects. Biochar did not affect nutrient disappearance (P > 0.05), nor total gas or CH4, irrespective of unit of expression. The volatile fatty acid, NH3-N, total protozoa, and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). Alpha and beta diversity and rumen microbiota families were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar did not reduce CH4 emissions nor affect nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, or rumen microbiota in the RUSITEC.

scholarly journals Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

scholarly journals Mesquite Extract as Phytogenic Additive to Improve the Nutrition of Sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Tonhá Alves Júnior ◽  
Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo ◽  
Dulciene Karla De Andrade Silva ◽  
Thaysa Rodrigues Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Ciliated Protozoa ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

Four concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg extract per ml of water) of mesquite extract were used as phytogenic additive to verify the potential to increase the nutritional value of the feed, ruminal parameters (primarily propionate production) and nitrogen use efficiency, microbial protein synthesis and quantify the reduction of ciliated protozoa and characterize the ingestive behavior of sheep. Ten adult male sheep were subjected to a 5 × 5 double Latin square design. Prior to feeding, the animals received the mesquite extract. Nutrient intake was estimated from the difference of the amount of feed provided and the total surplus. Rumen content samples were collected to evaluate the profile of short-chain fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen, pH, ciliated protozoa, turnover rate and disappearance rate. To estimate the microbial protein synthesis, the technique of purine derivatives was used. The mesquite extract quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, as well as increased propionate production, acetate:propionate ratio and microbial protein synthesis. The numbers of ciliate protozoa in the rumen decreased as a result of mesquite extract inclusion in the diet. The use of mesquite pod extract at a concentration of 488 mg/mL is recommended to improve digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, and to optimize microbial protein synthesis and increase propionic acid production.

scholarly journals Effects of Starch Content on Hydrogen and Methane Productions, Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis During in Vitro Ruminal Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Yi ◽  
Xiumin Zhang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Caixia Zou ◽  
Xuezong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Background: Starch has faster rate of rumen fermentation than fiber, and always causes a rapid increase in ruminal molecular hydrogen (H2) partial pressure and microbial protein synthesis, which may promote other H2 sinks to compete H2 from methanogenesis. The study was designed to investigate the effects of increasing starch content on methane (CH4), hydrogen gas (gH2) production, rumen fermentation, metabolic hydrogen ([H]) production, microbial protein (MCP) synthesis through in vitro ruminal batch incubation. Methods: Seven different treatments was prepared by replacing corn straw with corn grain, and starch content were 72, 185, 297, 410, 525, 634 and 747 g/kg DM.Results: Elevating starch content increased DM degradation (Plinear < 0.001), and decreased the CH4 (Plinear and Pquadratic < 0.001) and gH2 (Plinear < 0.001) productions relative to DM degraded. Elevating starch content increased VFA concentration (Plinear < 0.001), propionate molar percentage (Plinear < 0.001; Pquadratic = 0.001) and MCP concentration (Plinear and Pquadratic < 0.001), and decreased acetate molar percentage (Plinear < 0.001), acetate to propionate ratio (Plinear < 0.001) and estimated net [H] production relative to DM degraded (Plinear < 0.001). Elevating starch content decreased molar percentage of [H] utilized for CH4 (Pquadratic = 0.003) and gH2 (Plinear < 0.001) production. Conclusion: Increasing starch content alters rumen fermentation pathway from acetate to propionate production with reduction in efficiency of [H] production, promotes H2 utilization with enhanced MCP synthesis and leads to the reduction in efficiency of CH4 and gH2 production.

scholarly journals POTENSI FERMENTABILITAS RUMINAL HIJAUAN PAKAN KAMBING

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Anggun Novi Barlian ◽  
Marry Christiyanto ◽  
Eko Pangestu ◽  
Limbang K Ustiawan Nuswatara
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Guava Leaves

The goal of this experiment was to examine the value of ruminal fermentability that is total VFA and total NH3 of forages for goat. The benefits of this research were can help check the ruminal fermentability of forages for goat and help the efficient formulation of feed as seen from VFA and NH3 production carried out in vitro. The research was done in randomized block design (RBD) with 7 types of forages as treatment and 3 rumen groups as replications. Treatment coverage: R1 = Indigofera leaves; R2 = Insulin leaves; R3 = Guava leaves; R4 = Melinjo leaves; R5 = Rambutan Leaves; R6 = Cassava Leaves; R7: Waru leaves. The result showed that production of NH3 in indigofera leaves, insulin leaves, guava leaves, melinjo leaves, cassava leaves, and waru leaves are optimal for rumen microbial protein synthesis. VFA production in indigofera leaves, insulin leaves, guava leaves, melinjo leaves, rambutan leaves, and cassava leaves can fulfill for rumen microbial growth.

scholarly journals Volatile fatty acids concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of concentrate cassava peel diet with different levels of protein sources

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Arya Dwi Saputra ◽  
Kusmartono Kusmartono ◽  
Mashudi Mashudi ◽  
Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Different Levels

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of protein sources in a concentrate cassava peel diet on volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) by in vitro method. The five diet treatments in this study consisted of cassava meal (CM), cassava peel (CP), cassava leaves (CL) and moringa leaves (ML) with the proportion applied were T1=CM70% + CP20% + CL5% + ML5%; T2=CM60% + CP20% + CL10% + ML10%; T3=CM50% + CP20% + CL15% + ML15%; T4=CM40% + CP20% + CL20% + ML20%; T5=CM30% + CP20% + CL25% + ML25%. The experiment used a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The results showed that increasing the level of protein sources in the ration tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, CO2, and CH4 in which T3 had the highest values. However, the effect of treatments were significant in EMPS value (P<0.01). It was concluded that increasing levels of cassava and moringa leaves in the concentrate cassava peel diet tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, CO2, and CH4 which led to a significant increase in EMPS values.

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