Performance of cocoa beans production modelling in Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to exame the effect of tangibility, growth, business risk and profitability to debt policy. This research includes causative research the population used in this study are our property and real estate companies listed on Indonesia stock exchange of period 2017-2019. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique. There are 30 property and real estate companies that were used as research sample. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the official website of the Indonesian stock exchange and the official website of each company. The analytical method used is quantititave methods. The result shower that tangibility and company growth did not have a significant effect but had a positive relationship to debt policy, and business risk does not have a significant effect on debt policy but has a negative relationship debt policy.

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Analisis pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao, impor biji kakao, ekspor biji kakao dan harga cocoa butter terhadap ekspor cocoa butter

Indonesian Treasury Review Jurnal Perbendaharaan Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik ◽

10.33105/itrev.v4i3.128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 233-242

Author(s):

Rudi Hermawan

Keyword(s):

Cocoa Butter ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Value Added ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Added Value ◽

Cocoa Bean ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

The Past ◽

Export Duty ◽

Cocoa Products

The export duty policy was initially intended to increase the value added of cocoa beans. On the other hand, in the past few years there has been a significant increase in imports of cocoa beans to meet the needs of domestic industrial in order to keep running optimally and can create added value. To assess how much influence the export duty policy for cocoa beans, the import of cocoa beans, the export of cocoa beans and the price of cocoa butter on the development of exports of cocoa butter, this study uses a quantitative approach using secondary data from various sources. The results of the analysis show that the development of the export of cocoa butter is significantly influenced by the amount of cocoa bean imports and the export of cocoa beans. but the price factor of cocoa butter and the amount of export duty does not significantly influence. This shows that the main problem is the performance of the cocoa processing industry which is strongly influenced by the availability of raw materials. In addition, although an increase in imports of cocoa beans can still be offset by an increase in exports of processed cocoa products that have added value. Kebijakan bea keluar pada awalnya ditujukan untuk peningkatan nilai tambah biji kakao. Di sisi lain, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan impor biji kakao secara signifikan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan industri domestik agar tetap berjalan optimal dan dapat menciptakan nilai tambah. Untuk mengkaji seberapa besar pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao, impor biji kakao, ekspor biji kakao dan harga cocoa butter terhadap perkembangan ekspor cocoa butter, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan ekspor cocoa butter secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh besaran impor biji kakao dan ekspor biji kakao. Sedangkan faktor harga cocoa butter dan besaran tarif bea keluar tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan utama adalah pada kinerja industri pengolahan kakao yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan bahan bakunya. Selain itu, walaupun terjadi peningkatan impor biji kakao masih dapat diimbangi dengan adanya peningkatan ekspor produk kakao olahannya yang memiliki nilai tambah.

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Determinants of Quality Accounting Information Disclosure

Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies ◽

10.26710/jafee.v3i1.94 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

Sagin Oghenekowhodo Super ◽

Nikhil Chandra Shil

Keyword(s):

Information Disclosure ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Accounting Information ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Institutional Ownership ◽

Least Square ◽

Disclosure Quality ◽

Ordinary Least Square Regression

Purpose: This study aims at examining the factors determining the quality of accounting information disclosure in Nigerian firms. The study made use of secondary data obtained from the Nigerian stock exchange. Ordinary least square regression technique was used to test the hypothesis for this study. The study found a positive relationship between firm size and disclosure quality. Institutional ownership, firm performance and earnings per share also had a positive relationship with disclosure quality. Firm leverage was found to have a negative relationship with disclosure quality. This study recommends that firms should introduce the idea of institutional ownership and also leverage usage should be minimized.

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Effect of Advertising Expenses and Sales Incentives on Financial Performance: Dissecting the Cases of Two Market Leaders

Business and Economic Research ◽

10.5296/ber.v9i1.14019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Madhobi Hossain ◽

Tiasha Islam

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

Budget Reduction ◽

Sales Incentives ◽

Marketing Budgets

There has been much interest among academicians and practitioners to understand the role of marketing expenses in contributing to the financial performance of organizations. Especially, in times of recession, budget reduction, or market contraction, marketing budgets get the major cut. However, organizations continue to spend millions in the development and execution of marketing programs. This paper examines the effect of advertising and sales incentives on the revenue and profit of Grameenphone and bKash, who are the market leaders in their respective industries of Bangladesh. With the help of secondary data, it has been found that there is a negative relationship between advertising and financial performance (i.e. revenue and profit), but sales incentives on the other hand have a positive relationship with revenue and profit.

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The Implementation of Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain as Occupational Accident Preventions at PT X

The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health ◽

10.20473/ijosh.v8i3.2019.295-304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Bayu Adi Radityo

Keyword(s):

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Occupational Accidents ◽

Risk Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Company Policy ◽

Technical Instructions ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: The implementation of qualified sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain (5S) is a significant factor to prevent the occurrence of occupational accidents in companies with a high-risk level of occupational accidents, such as being exposed to falling objects or tripped with objects, especially in departments that handle goods or materials. This research aims to identify the enactment of 5S as occupational accidents preventions in the logistic department at PT. X. Metods: This research is descriptive-analytic research which describes the company policy regarding the employment of 5S and the characteristics of the workers in the logistic department at PT. X. Moreover, this research also intends to analyze the strength of the relationship between the workers’ characteristics based on the correlation coefficient value by using the cross-sectional approach. The data is in the form of secondary data obtained by using questionnaires and interview. Results: It has been noticed that there is a qualified policy regarding the implementation of 5R in the form of technical instructions and the SOP of the company that has been well-enacted. Majority of the workers in the logistic department at PT. X is between 15-30 years old with high school educational attainment and has been serving in the company for <6 years. It is also perceived that all workers in the logistic department have a good 5S understanding level and good attitudes toward the implementation of 5R. However, there is a difference in the direction of the relationship of the variables analyzed; one is a negative relationship while the other is a positive relationship. Conclusion: It can be affirmed that PT. X has implemented 5S in a good way, seen from the understanding level of the workers regarding 5S or the attitude of the workers in implementing 5S, particularly in the logistic department. This is also proven by the company policy on the enactment of 5S that has been well-carried out. Keywords: 5S implementation, logistic, occupational accidents

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Peran Organisasi Petani dalam Mengoptimalkan Kinerja Rantai Pasok dan Pembentukan Nilai Tambah Kakao: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v2n1.2015.p1-12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdul Muis Hasibuan ◽

Agus Wahyudi ◽

Dewi Listyati ◽

Asif Aunillah ◽

Ermiati Ermiati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Value Chain ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Added Value ◽

Cocoa Bean ◽

Well Performance ◽

Value Addition ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Chain System ◽

Farmer Organizations

Pengusahaan kakao Indonesia didominasi oleh petani kecil yang belum terorganisasi dengan baik sehingga sering menjadi pihak yang termarjinalkan dalam sistem agribisnis kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran organisasi petani dalam upaya mengoptimalkan kinerja rantai pasok kakao dan pembentukan nilai tambah yang terjadi dalam setiap rantai tata niaga kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara pada bulan Februari sampai Oktober 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan sekunder dengan melakukan wawancara kepada petani/kelompok tani/gabungan kelompok tani, pedagang dan eksportir/industri. Data dan informasi dianalisis dengan pendekatan rantai pasok dan nilai tambah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi organisasi petani di Kabupaten Kolaka masih sangat beragam dan dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 4 model sesuai dengan aktivitas dan perannya dalam rantai pasok dan pembentukan nilai tambah biji kakao. Organisasi petani yang dimotori oleh gapoktan Model A mampu memberikan pangsa petani yang lebih besar dibandingkan model lainnya, yaitu sebesar 99,43% untuk biji kakao fermentasi dan 96,92% untuk biji kakao non fermentasi. Demikian juga nilai tambah bagi petani yang dihasilkan sebesar Rp509,00/kg untuk biji kakao fermentasi dan Rp1.019,00/kg untuk biji kakao non fermentasi. Oleh karena itu, organisasi petani perlu diarahkan untuk mengefisienkan sistem distribusi dan pemasaran biji kakao sehingga tercipta sistem rantai pasok yang berkinerja baik dan mampu memberikan nilai tambah bagi petani. Kata kunci: Kakao, pangsa petani, gapoktan, kelembagaanCultivation of cocoa in Indonesia is dominated by small farmers who have not been well organized, so they usually marginalized in the cocoa agribusiness systems. This study aimed to analyze the role of farmer organizations in an effort to optimize the performance of the cocoa supply chain and value addition in cocoa value chain system. The research was conducted in Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi from February to October 2012. The collected data is primary and secondary data by conducting in-depth interviews to farmers/farmer groups, traders and exporters/industry. All of the data and information were analyzed by supply chain approach and added value. The results showed that the condition of farmers' organizations in Kolaka very diverse and can be grouped into four models according to the activity and its role in the supply chain and value addition of cocoa beans. Farmer organizations led by Model A was able to give farmers a better share than others, i.e. 99.43% for fermented cocoa bean and 96.92% for unfermented. Similarly, added value for farmers were IDR509.00/kg for fermented cocoa beans and IDR1,019.00/kg for unfermented. Therefore, farmers' organizations need to be directed to be more efficient on cocoa beans distribution and marketing that create a well performance of supply chain system and provide added value to the farmer.

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The Implementation of Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain as Occupational Accident Preventions at PT X

The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health ◽

10.20473/ijosh.v8i3.2019.292-301 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Bayu Adi Radityo

Keyword(s):

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Occupational Accidents ◽

Risk Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Company Policy ◽

Technical Instructions ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: The implementation of qualified sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain (5S) is a significant factor to prevent the occurrence of occupational accidents in companies with a high-risk level of occupational accidents, such as being exposed to falling objects or tripped with objects, especially in departments that handle goods or materials. This research aims to identify the enactment of 5S as occupational accidents preventions in the logistic department at PT. X. Metods: This research is descriptive-analytic research which describes the company policy regarding the employment of 5S and the characteristics of the workers in the logistic department at PT. X. Moreover, this research also intends to analyze the strength of the relationship between the workers’ characteristics based on the correlation coefficient value by using the cross-sectional approach. The data is in the form of secondary data obtained by using questionnaires and interview. Results: It has been noticed that there is a qualified policy regarding the implementation of 5R in the form of technical instructions and the SOP of the company that has been well-enacted. Majority of the workers in the logistic department at PT. X is between 15-30 years old with high school educational attainment and has been serving in the company for <6 years. It is also perceived that all workers in the logistic department have a good 5S understanding level and good attitudes toward the implementation of 5R. However, there is a difference in the direction of the relationship of the variables analyzed; one is a negative relationship while the other is a positive relationship. Conclusion: It can be affirmed that PT. X has implemented 5S in a good way, seen from the understanding level of the workers regarding 5S or the attitude of the workers in implementing 5S, particularly in the logistic department. This is also proven by the company policy on the enactment of 5S that has been well-carried out. Keywords: 5S implementation, logistic, occupational accidents

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Effects of Financial Innovations on Profitability for Deposit Taking Microfinancing Institutions in Kenya

Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/06.09.2018/007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 529-536

Author(s):

Martin Khoya Odipo ◽

Keyword(s):

Financial Institutions ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Financial Institution ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Primary Data ◽

Microfinance Institutions ◽

Financial Innovations ◽

Strong Positive Relationship

Recent studies have documented that innovations improve profitability of firms. This article documents that deposit taking micro financial institutions that have adopted financial innovations have increased their profitability. The study covered five years between 2009-2013. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data was obtained through administration of drop and pick questionnaires to selected employees of the institutions. Secondary data was obtained from financial statements and management reports of these deposit taking microfinance institutions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, return on asset and multi-liner regression model to determine the effect of each financial innovation applied on profitability on the micro-financial institution. The results showed that most deposit taking microfinance institutions adopted these financial innovations in their current operations. There was strong positive relationship between individual innovations and profitability. In line with profitability ROA also showed improvement each year after the adoption of these financial innovations.

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Determination of the Prospective Processed Cacao Product and Calculation of the Added Value in Agro-Tourism Based on Cacao Agroindustry in Pidie Jaya Regency

Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis Series E Food Technology ◽

10.2478/aucft-2018-0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

◽

Tajuddin Bantacut ◽

Sapta Raharja

Keyword(s):

System Approach ◽

Added Value ◽

Assessment Criteria ◽

Cocoa Bean ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Bayes Method ◽

Cocoa Products ◽

Processed Products ◽

Derivative Products

Abstract Utilization of cocoa bean to be a derivative products in industrial is wide enough, that it is necessary to determine the priority of the processed products development. This study aimed to determine the prospective processed cocoa products with a system approach using Bayes method and assessed the potential of added value by using Hayami method. Based on several assessment criteria indicated that chocolate bar is the priority product that needs to be developed and followed by several other processed products. This development was able to produce the added value of Rp 135.000 per kg of cocoa beans. Result indicated that by processing the cocoa beans into chocolate bar could provide a considerable income for the businessman.

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DAYA SAING DAN PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING KOMODITI KAKAO DI SULAWESI TENGAH

Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan ◽

10.30908/bilp.v11i1.79 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 69-96

Author(s):

Siti Yuliaty Chansa Arfah ◽

Harianto . ◽

Suharno .

Keyword(s):

Policy Analysis ◽

Government Policy ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Research Area ◽

Primary Data ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Output Analysis ◽

The Government ◽

Central Sulawesi ◽

Policy Analysis Matrix

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji daya saing komoditi kakao di Sulawesi Tengah dan melihat peran pemerintah dalam meningkatkan daya saing komoditi kakao. Data primer berasal dari observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner, sementara data sekunder berasal dari instansi terkait. Metode analisis menggunakan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) dan analisis sensitivitas. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa nilai PCR Kabupaten Parigi Moutong 0,589 dan Kabupaten Sigi 0,396. Sedangkan nilai DRC Kabupaten Parigi Moutong 0,387 dan Kabupaten Sigi 0,319. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa usahatani komoditi kakao di Sulawesi Tengah memiliki daya saing, namun tidak menguntungkan secara ekonomi karena Sulawesi Tengah menghasilkan biji kakao yang tidak difermentasi akibatnya petani menerima harga rendah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, pemerintah belum memberikan proteksi terhadap harga biji kakao dalam negeri melalui harga referensi biji kakao sehingga harga biji kakao didaerah penelitian masih tergolong rendah jika dibandingkan dengan harga di pasar internasional. Sementara terhadap input, pemerintah telah memberikan kebijakan subsidi kepada petani, namun implementasinya masih perlu perbaikan terutama terkait penyaluran dan pengelolaan bantuan agar merata. Kajian ini merekomendasikan masih diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah baik terhadap input maupun output untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, menurunkan biaya produksi dan menaikkan harga jual biji kakao, sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya saing biji kakao. The purpose of this study is to assess the competitiveness of cocoa in Central Sulawesi and to investigate the role of government in improving the competitiveness of cocoa. The primary data were generated through observation, interviews and some questionnaires. The secondary data were obtained from the agency or the institution related to the research. This study uses the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and sensitivity analysis. The study found that the PCR value for Parigi Moutong district was 0.589 and Sigi district was 0.396. While, the DRC value for Parigi Moutong district was 0.387 and Sigi district was 0.319. This indicates that cocoa beans farming in Central Sulawesi has competitiveness, but not economically beneficial because Central Sulawesi produces unfermented cocoa beans consequently farmers receive low prices. Based on the results of the government's impact on output analysis, the government did not provide protection for domestic cocoa seed prices through the reference price of cocoa beans, consequently the price of domestic cocoa beans, particularly in the research area, was relatively low compared to the price of cocoa beans at the international market. Seen from the government policy on inputs, the government have provided subsidies to farmers but they need to improve the distribution and management of aid to be evenly distributed. It is necessary to set up good government policy on inputs and outputs in order to increase cocoa seed productivity, decrease production cost and increase the price which simultaneously can improve its competitiveness in the research location.

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