Assessment cytotoxic assay of Rhizophora plants mangrove using brine shrimp (Artemia salina L) model

Abstract Rhizophoraceae is the main family of mangroves as a source of bioactive compounds originating from the coast. Ethnophamacologically Rhizophoraceae has been used in various traditional medicine. Natural sources as anticancer from the Rhizophoraceae family are interesting to know. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic bioactivity of methanolic extracts of roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl from five species of Rhizophoraceae (Bruguieria cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, and R. mucronata) from the Langsa mangrove forest, Aceh. The method used in this study was the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) bioassay using Artemia salina Leach at extract concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml. Samples were extracted using the maceration method and methanol as the solvent. The cytotoxic activity of 20 Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts showed that 12 extracts were toxic with an LC50 range of 31.5 - 934.9 μg/ml (based on LC50 ≤ 1000 μg/ml). The two extracts of which the closest to highly toxic (based on LC50 ≤ 30 μg/ml) were C. decandra bark showed LC50 of 31.5 μg/ml, and R. mucronata bark showed LC50 31.8 μg/ml. This shows that Rhizophoraceae extract has potential as a natural anticancer agent. In the five rhizophoraceae species, C. decandra was the most active compared to other species. In the four plant parts, the bark was the most toxic.

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Evaluation of Phytochemicals of Cassia tora Linn. and it’s Cytotoxicity Assay using Brine Shrimp

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/phyto.v9i4.8132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ansari Asba ◽

Bhot Meeta

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Field Research ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Cytotoxicity Assay ◽

Medical Field ◽

Cassia Tora ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Ld50 Value

Cassia tora Linn. is a well known medicinal herb found as a rainy season weed throughout India. Various studies have been conducted in order to find out the applications of Cassia tora since many years and found various phytochemical present in the plant, contribute to the use of traditional medicine. Cytotoxicity of the plant is found due to some phytochemical present in the plant and thus this plant has found numerous applications in the medical field. Research Objective: The main aim of the research was to assess the effect of cytotoxicity of the plant extracts against Artemia salina. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used in this study to carry out the cytotoxicity assay. Thus, this research paper emphasizes on the screening of phytochemicals present in the various parts of the plant along with the cytotoxicity assay against Artemia salina. Results and Conclusion: The present study showed that the presence of phytochemicals vary with the plant parts and the effect of cytotoxicity on Brine shrimp was also observed with the LD50 value less than 100 µg/ mL which can be beneficial in the treatment of various cancers and tumors.

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Synthesis and cytotoxicity assay using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test of Cinchonidine Isobutyrate Ester

Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia ◽

10.14203/jkti.v19i1.328 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Mario Mario ◽

Puspa Dewi Lotulung ◽

Gian Primahana ◽

Sylvia Rizky Prima ◽

Muhammad Hanafi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Anticancer Agent ◽

Isobutyric Acid ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Cytotoxicity Assay ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Pass Through

This research was aimed to synthesize cinchonidine isobutyrate ester and conduct a preliminary assay for anticancer agent using cytotoxicity assay to Artemia salina Leach larva, or also known as brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Cinchonidine, a compound that has quinoline rings and quiniclidine ring, is a quinine analogue and stereoisomer of cinchonine. Cinchonidine is predicted to have anticancer activity. Synthesized ester was aimed to gain higher lipophilicity. Higher lipophilicity makes it easier for the compund to pass through cell membrane. The esterification process used DMAP as a catalyst, DCC as an activator, and isobutyric acid as a carboxilyc acid. Isobutyric acid is a type of short chained fatty acid that usually acts as an anticancer prodrugs. The product is identified by ESI-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, dan 13C-NMR. Ester cinchonidine isobutyrate is gelatinous and colourless with yield of 21,77%. BSLT result showed that cinchonidine isobutyrate ester had LC50 value of 75.16 ppm which was more toxic than cinchonidine that had LC50 value of 99.2 ppm. It was proved that higher lipophilicity could increase pharmacology activity

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TOKSISITAS AKUT DEKOK DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura) MENGGUNAKAN METODE BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)

Jurnal Farmasi Medica/Pharmacy Medical Journal (PMJ) ◽

10.35799/pmj.3.2.2020.32880 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Rosa Fatimah ◽

Bilal S A Santoso

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Toxic Activity ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Key Word ◽

Muntingia Calabura

ABSTRACT Kersen (Muntingia calabura) leaf is a kersen plant parts are usually processed by the community into traditional medicine in the form of a drink by boiling. The boiling process that is too long allows the secondary metabolite compounds contained in kersen leaf to be damaged or reduced, therefore it is necessary to do a screening test of secondary metabolites of decoction of kersen leaf, besides plants containing secondary metabolites can be toxic, so that testing needs to be done components of chemical compounds that have toxic activity. The aims of this study was to know the minimum concentration of acute toxic and component of decoction of kersen leaf. Toxicity testing was carried out using the BSLT method (Brine shrimp lethality test) with test animals using Artemia salina Leach larvae in each treatment with various concentrations of 250 mg L-1, mg L-1, 500 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1, 1500 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1, 25000 mg L-1 and replication 3 times. The results of screening secondary metabolites were flavonoides, tannins, and alkaloids. The results of the acute toxicity test showed the LC50 value was 621.25 mg L-1. Key word: Kersen Leaf, decoction, toxicity, BSLT ABSTRAKDaun kersen (Muntingia calabura) merupakan bagian tanaman kersen yang biasanya diolah oleh masyarakat menjadi obat tradisional dalam bentuk minuman dengan cara direbus. Proses perebusan yang terlalu lama memungkinkan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada daun kersen menjadi rusak atau berkurang maka dari itu perlu dilakukan uji skrining senyawa metabolit sekunder pada daun rebusan daun kersen selain itu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder dapat bersifat toksik, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengujian mengenai komponen senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas toksik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi minimum dari rebusan daun kersen yang bersifat toksik. Pengujian toksisitas dilakukan menggunakan metode BSLT dengan hewan uji menggunakan larva Artemia salina Leach pada masing-masing perlakuan dengan variasi konsentrasi yaitu 250 mg L-1, mg L-1, 500 mg L-1,1000 mg L-1, 1500 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1, 25000 mg L-1 dan dilakukan replikasi sebanyak 3 kali. Dari hasil skrining metabolit sekunder diketahui bhawa rebusan daun kersen memilki senyawa metabolit sekunder flavonid, tanin, dan alkaloid. Hasil uji toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa rebusan daun kersen dapat memberikan efek toksik akut pada hewan uji dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 621,25 mg L-1. Kata Kunci: Daun kersen, Rebusan, toksisitas, BSLT

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Biosynthesis of the Diguanosine Nucleotides. I. Purification and Properties of an Enzyme from Yolk Platelets of Brine Shrimp Embryos

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o74-036 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 231-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. H. Warner ◽

P. C. Beers ◽

F. L. Huang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Temperature Optimum ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Ph Optimum ◽

Optimal Activity ◽

Purification And Properties

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of P1P4-diguanosine 5′-tetraphosphate (Gp4G) has been isolated and purified from yolk platelets of encysted embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The enzyme GTP:GTP guanylyltransferase (Gp4G synthetase) utilizes GTP as substrate, has a pH optimum of 5.9–6.0, a temperature optimum of 40–42 °C, and requires Mg2+ and dithiothreitol for optimal activity. The synthesis of Gp4G is inhibited markedly by pyrophosphate, whereas orthophosphate has no effect on the reaction. In the presence of GDP the enzyme also catalyzes the synthesis of P1,P3-diguanosine 5′-triphosphate (Gp3G), but the rate of synthesis is low compared with Gp4G synthesis and dependent upon other small molecular weight components of yolk platelets.

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MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS DURING DIFFERENTIATION OF ARTEMIA SALINA CYSTS

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.58.3.643 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 643-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

H. Schmitt ◽

H. Grossfeld ◽

U. Z. Littauer

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase ◽

Cytochrome B ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Mitochondrial Morphology ◽

Second Stage ◽

Two Stages

Mitochondria isolated from cysts of Artemia salina (brine shrimp) were found to be devoid of cristae and to possess a low respiratory capability. Hydration of the cysts induces marked biochemical and morphological changes in the mitochondria. Their biogenesis proceeds in two stages. The first stage is completed within 1 h and is characterized by a rapid increase in the respiratory capability of the mitochondria, their cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome b, cytochrome c and perhaps some morphological changes. In the second stage there is an increase in the protein-synthesizing capacity of the mitochondria as well as striking changes in mitochondrial morphology leading to the formation of cristae.

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