scholarly journals An assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes in Ca Mau peninsula, Vietnamese Mekong Delta

2022 ◽  
Vol 964 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Quang Khai Ha ◽  
Mai Van Le Thi ◽  
Phu Le Vo ◽  
Hong Quan Nguyen ◽  
Abhijit Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Magnesium Hazard ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Private Wells

Abstract Groundwater serves as the major source for drinking water and the only fresh water source in the dry season in Ca Mau province, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The study is performed to assess groundwater quality in the area. Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), magnesium hazard (MH), sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI) combined with geostatistical tools were conducted by using groundwater quality data from 400 samples collected from private wells. GWQI values suggest that 7%, 63%, 28%, 2%, 1% of total samples are classified into excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable for drinking water. High Cl and TDS are the main cause of high GWQI values suggesting that saltwater intrusion deteriorates groundwater quality. For irrigation purposes, 4%, 17%, 36%, 43% of total samples classify into Good, Permissible, Doubtful, Unsuitable respectively by Na% indicator; 55.0%, 30.9%, 11.9%, 2.2% of total samples is Excellent, Good, Doubtful and Unsuitable according to SAR, 54% samples are unsuitable by MH index, and all samples are good by PI. This study provides useful information on groundwater quality for various purposes in Ca Mau province, that could help water management and water users to identify the necessary approach for groundwater protection and water-treatment methods before utilising the groundwater source for specific purposes in the study area.

Endemic Cryptosporidium infection and drinking water source: a systematic review and meta-analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A.S. Gualberto ◽  
L. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unsafe Water ◽  
Meta Analyses

Cryptosporidium is a well-known cause of diarrhoea in humans. Little is known about risk factors associated with endemic cryptosporidiosis, which constitutes the majority of cases. We carried out meta-analyses to verify if drinking water is also associated with endemic infection and to assess the magnitude of the associations. The global meta-analysis suggests that there is an increased risk of Cryptosporidium infection among unsafe water users (OR 1.40 [1.15, 1.72]). Studies were stratified, according to the exposure to different sources of safe drinking water, due to the heterogeneity presented. The consumption of non-well and unboiled water was associated with an increased chance of endemic cryptosporidiosis, though only the latter was significant (OR 1.45 [0.95, 2.20]; OR 1.61 [1.09, 2.38]). Drinking non-bottled water did not present a risk factor associated with endemic cryptosporidiosis (OR 0.87 [0.72, 1.05]). These meta-analyses present results that could be useful to clarify the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium. We recommend that other risk factors could also be studied by this approach.

scholarly journals Domestic Groundwater Quality in the Northern Governorates of the West Bank, Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Banan Hejaz ◽  
Issam A. Al-Khatib ◽  
Nidal Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Water Quality Data

Like several parts in the Middle East, the West Bank is in a significant water scarcity status. Palestinians use groundwater as the main water source, supplying more than 90% of the consumed water in the West Bank. The aim of this study is to enhance the knowledge on drinking water quality in the West Bank. Groundwater quality data was obtained from the Palestinian Water Authority, including the years 2015 and 2016, from the Northern six districts of the West Bank. The water quality data were analyzed and matched with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and the Palestinian standards for drinking water quality. The findings of this study revealed that groundwater in the north of the West Bank comply with several drinking water requirements including total hardness, pH, and sodium and chloride content. Conversely, 18% of the samples exceed the limits for nitrate concentration. The fecal Coliforms and total Coliforms results show that 98.7% of the samples give no risk, but 1.3% of the samples give low risk, and no sample gives intermediate-to-high risks. The microbial and chemical pollution of groundwater is postulated to inadequate wastewater management, high use of fertilizers, and uncontrolled disposal of animal manure. Therefore, it is crucial to disinfect drinking water at the source of production before supply as an immediate action, followed by implementing pollution prevention measures.

scholarly journals Attitudes, Perceptions and Geo-Spatial Analysis of Water Quality and Individual Health Status in a High-Fracking Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stigler Granados ◽  
Zacariah L. Hildenbrand ◽  
Claudia Mata ◽  
Sabrina Habib ◽  
Misty Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Eagle Ford Shale ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Private Wells

The expansion of unconventional oil and gas development (UD) across the US continues to be at the center of debates regarding safety to health and the environment. This study evaluated the water quality of private water wells in the Eagle Ford Shale within the context of community members perception. Community members (n=75) were surveyed regarding health status and perceptions of drinking water quality. Water samples (n=19) were collected from private wells and tested for a variety of water quality parameters. Of the private wells sampled, 8 had exceedences of MCLs for drinking water standards. Geospatial analysis showed the majority of well owners who did have exceedances self-reported their health status as poor. Surveys showed that the majority of respondents received their water from a municipal source and were significantly more distrustful of their water source than of those on private wells. The data also showed a high number of people self-reporting health problems without a healthcare provider’s diagnosis. Attitudes and perceptions of water quality play an important role in the overall perceived health status of community members in high fracking regions, stressing the importance of transparency and communication by the UD industry.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Focused Water Conservation Messaging in the Clackamas River, OR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikki Oden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Water Users

The Clackamas River in Oregon is a drinking water source for upwards of 300,000 people living in the Portland metro region. This river experiences seasonal low flow during the annual dry season throughout summer and early fall when endangered salmon species return to the river to spawn. This dry season also coincides with the highest period of urban water use. Since precipitation is minimal at this time, water users choose to water their lawns to make up for the lack of rain which contributes to water use tripling during the driest part of the year. To promote local water conservation, the Clackamas River Water Providers (CRWP)—who manage source water protection and public outreach and education around watershed issues, drinking water, and water conservation for the eight water providers on the river—have created a water conservation campaign that they intend to promote each dry season for the next several years. First promoted during the dry season of 2019, the messaging focuses on the flow needs of endangered salmon and asks water users to cease outdoor watering altogether. Through focus group discussion and a survey of water users, this research investigates public perception and opinion of the CRWP’s summer water conservation messaging campaign with the goal of improving the effectiveness of the messaging in future dry seasons.

scholarly journals Children drinking private well water have higher blood lead than those with city water

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 16898-16907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson ◽  
Michael Fisher ◽  
Allison Clonch ◽  
John M. MacDonald ◽  
Philip J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Pb Exposure ◽  
City Water ◽  
Private Wells

Although the Flint, Michigan, water crisis renewed concerns about lead (Pb) in city drinking water, little attention has been paid to Pb in private wells, which provide drinking water for 13% of the US population. This study evaluates the risk of Pb exposure in children in households relying on private wells. It is based on a curated dataset of blood Pb records from 59,483 North Carolina children matched with household water source information. We analyze the dataset for statistical associations between children’s blood Pb and household drinking water source. The analysis shows that children in homes relying on private wells have 25% increased odds (95% CI 6.2 to 48%,P< 0.01) of elevated blood Pb, compared with children in houses served by a community water system that is regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act. This increased Pb exposure is likely a result of corrosion of household plumbing and well components, because homes relying on private wells rarely treat their water to prevent corrosion. In contrast, corrosion control is required in regulated community water systems. These findings highlight the need for targeted outreach to prevent Pb exposure for the 42.5 million Americans depending on private wells for their drinking water.

Rainwater harvesting practices and attitudes in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Özdemir ◽  
Mark Elliott ◽  
Joe Brown ◽  
Pham K. Nam ◽  
Vo Thi Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Household Level

Access to safe drinking water is limited in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) at household level is among the primary sources of drinking water in the region and is widely practiced throughout Southeast Asia. It has recently been increasingly advocated as an alternative or supplemental approach to household water supply. However, relatively little research has been done on current RWH practices and attitudes. We interviewed residents of 619 households in three provinces to understand the current practice of and preferences for rainwater harvesting. We found that rainwater was the most common water source for all domestic activities in the rainy season; however, it was reserved for high-value uses in the dry season. Residents ranked color, perceived safety, smell, taste and reliability of rainwater very highly compared to other water sources. Most households practice daily first-flush and/or boil water before drinking. Storage capacity seems to be a major barrier to RWH providing an adequate supply of domestic water year-round. Because other improved water supplies are not widely available in the rural delta, rainwater harvesting seems to be a promising way to expand access to improved water sources for the residents.

scholarly journals Attitudes, Perceptions and Geo-Spatial Analysis of Water Quality and Individual Health Status in a High-Fracking Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stigler Granados ◽  
Zacariah L. Hildenbrand ◽  
Claudia Mata ◽  
Sabrina Habib ◽  
Misty Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Eagle Ford Shale ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Private Wells

The expansion of unconventional oil and gas development (UD) across the US continues to be at the center of debates regarding safety to health and the environment. This study evaluated the water quality of private water wells in the Eagle Ford Shale within the context of community members perception. Community members (n=75) were surveyed regarding health status and perceptions of drinking water quality. Water samples (n=19) were collected from private wells and tested for a variety of water quality parameters. Of the private wells sampled, 8 had exceedences of MCLs for drinking water standards. Geospatial analysis showed the majority of well owners who did have exceedances self-reported their health status as poor. Surveys showed that the majority of respondents received their water from a municipal source and were significantly more distrustful of their water source than of those on private wells. The data also showed a high number of people self-reporting health problems without a healthcare provider&rsquo;s diagnosis. Attitudes and perceptions of water quality play an important role in the overall perceived health status of community members in high fracking regions, stressing the importance of transparency and communication by the UD industry.

scholarly journals Socio-economic effect on socially-deprived communities of developing drinking water quality problems in arid and semi-arid area of central Rajasthan

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
I. Husain ◽  
J. Husain ◽  
M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Ccme Wqi ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Rajasthan is well known for its Great Thar desert. Central Rajasthan has an arid to semi-arid environment. The area faces either scarcity of water or poor quality of drinking water. In some areas water is transported 2 km or more, which uses time, energy and money. Rich people have their own sources, which is restricted for use by others. Such conditions are affecting socially-deprived communities, both socially and economically. Groundwater is a major source of drinking water due to the unavailability of surface water. There is a lack of groundwater quality knowledge in the community and the data available is hard to understand by consumers. The CCME Water Quality Index is a tool to simplify the water quality report by rating the water on quality standards. It provides meaningful summaries of overall water quality and trends, which is accessible to non-technical lay people. In the present study the objective is to examine the groundwater quality of six districts (Ajmer, Bhilwara, Pali, Rajasamand, Nagaur and Jodhpur), centrally located in Rajasthan, with arid and semi-arid conditions. CCME WQI is also evaluated to produce quality data in a form to be understood by the community. A total of 4369 groundwater sources in 1680 villages from six districts (76 546 km2) were collected and examined. Results are outlined in the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS: 10500, 2012) and 2952 sources are unsafe for drinking. According to CCME WQI groundwater of 93 villages is poor, 343 villages are marginal, and 369 villages are fair in quality. Toxicological studies of unsafe drinking water and their remedial measures are also discussed. A tentative correlation between prevailing water-borne diseases and quality parameter has also been shown

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