scholarly journals Optimising of vacuum distillation units using surrogate models

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
S X H’ng ◽  
L Y Ng ◽  
D K S Ng ◽  
V Andiappan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Optimisation Model ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Column Pressure

Abstract Crude oil blending is an important step for the operation of crude distillation systems in the refinery to improve the yield and profitability of the products. The product’s yield and quality are strongly dependent on the properties of the crude oil. However, the products of crude distillation units, especially the vacuum distillation unit (VDU) need to satisfy the yield and quality requirements of the downstream process units in the refinery. Otherwise, the performance of downstream processes will be affected, and loss of profitability in the refinery. Hence, it is important to optimise the performance of the VDU to ensure the optimum operation of VDU. This work covers the process simulation of VDU, surrogate modelling and mathematical optimisation model. The objective of the developed optimisation model is to determine an optimal for maximum high vacuum gas oil (HVGO) yield and minimum total annualised cost (TAC) respectively. To do this, crude oil blending ratio, column temperature, column pressure, stripping steam flowrate, pump-around flowrate in the VDU are optimised. Based on the optimised result, the heavy-light crude blend achieves higher HVGO yield and lower TAC as compared to the heavy-medium crude blend and heavy-medium-light crude blend. The optimised results can provide insight into the optimal process conditions of VDU for the refiners. With this insight, effective operating strategies can be developed to overcome the limitations present in real VDU operations.

High vacuum distillation for low-sulfur biodiesel production: From laboratory to large scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglong Xie ◽  
Li Cai ◽  
Fan Xia ◽  
Xiaojiang Liang ◽  
Zhenyu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Low Sulfur

High-Vacuum Distillation of the steroids

1940 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. D. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Vacuum Distillation

Chromatographic study of crude oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
T.S. Idrisov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Tof Ms

The paper deals with the methods of preparation of crude oil samples and chromatographic analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons (alkanes, monoaromatic compounds, policyclic aromatic compounds), as well as the results of the analysis (chromatograms of the samples and concentrates of hydrocarbons). The analysis have been carried out on Shimadzu GC 2010-plus and PEGASUS 4D GCxGC TOF-MS chromatographs. In the analysis of alkanes, monoaromatic and policyclic aromatic compounds the column temperature comprised 60−330 оС, 40−120 оС and 70−300 оС correspondingly. Silicagel of 100−200 mehs size was used as a sorbent. Developed methods may be applied for the analytical purposes in petrochemistry and corresponding scientific research surveys as well.

Thin Film Packaging for Vacuum MEMS Encapsulation: A Study on Outgassing Phenomenon

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 002428-002482
Author(s):  
D. Saint-Patrice ◽  
J. L. Pornin ◽  
B. Savornin ◽  
G. Rodriguez ◽  
S. Danthon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Sealing Materials

Most of the time, MEMS devices require hermetic encapsulation for protection against atmosphere, moisture, particles and standard back-end manufacturing technologies. In the last few years, Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) is moving toward developments on Thin Film Packaging (TFP) in order to save footprint, to reduce chip thickness and packaging costs. In the specific case of high-vacuum MEMS encapsulation (gyro, compass), long term pressure stability is required. As the final performances of these kinds of devices are strongly dependent on the working pressure, using TFP for MEMS encapsulation with controlled vacuum becomes more challenging due to very small cavity volumes. It is then necessary to understand the outgassing phenomenon that take place during TFP encapsulation in order to reduce it. In this paper, our latest developments on thin film packaging technology are presented. Outgassing from materials used in TFP and MEMS devices become key parameters to decrease the pressure inside the package and to improve the reliability. In a first part, pressure and Residual Gas Analysis (RGA) of typical TFP and typical MEMS materials are measured under different time / temperature baking processes. Measurements show that material outgassing mainly comes from H2 and maximum pick appears in the beginning of the thermal process. Thanks to these characterizations, an optimized outgassing baking process in term of time and thermal budget is presented. By minimizing the internal outgassing, materials deposited by PVD sputtering can now be implemented as sealing materials for low pressure MEMS devices. In a second part, specific low temperature Al based materials which has been developed on equipment fully compatible with front-end fab is presented. Multi-layer materials like Ti / Al based materials are compared to our single Al based material to decrease the microstructure size and to improve the sealing performances. Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cross section characterizations confirm that the grain sizes are highly impacted by sputtering process parameters and a compromise has to be done with MEMS outgassing. Finally, the most suitable outgassing baking process for the inside cavity materials and various Al-based sealing materials and stacks are performed for a MEMS compass device on 200 mm wafers. Pressure inside the cavity less than 10 mbar is obtained and the TFP yield is presented on each process conditions. These results are very promising and showed the capabilities of TFP for vacuum MEMS encapsulation applications despite very small volume cavity. Development of such technology is still under way in order to reach high vacuum level in the range of 10-1 to 10-3 mbar.

scholarly journals Impact of bitumen composition on empirical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04038
Author(s):  
Eva Remišová ◽  
Michal Holý
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distillation Residue ◽  
Heavy Fractions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Vacuum Distillation Residue

In recent years, there has been a further development of refining technology, which make it possible to better use of crude oil, which also has a major impact on the quality of bitumen. Most European refineries, of course, are processing, for reasons of the resale of petroleum products, especially petroleums suitable for the recovery of light and middle fractions. Therefore, light petroleums are required, with low yields of heavy fractions, which are highly economically and in dispositions efficient for processors on the petroleum market. Emphasis is placed on the sulfur content, the paraffin content is no longer the most important aspect. Less important from the perspective of the refinery is the content and the ratio of asphaltenes and maltenes. There is no doubt that we will have to change our view on petroleum products. Their availability will continue to decline, their price, on the other hand, is likely to grow in relation to falling supplies of resources. Therefore, the view of the bitumen must be changed. The most common way of production of PG bitumen is vacuum distillation, which is carried out in such a way that the vacuum distillation residue satisfies it´s properties bitumen requirements for the relevant penetration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document