scholarly journals Requirements for radar navigation aids for operational safety of autonomous navigation of facilities of the Arctic oil and gas complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
N A Golov ◽  
A I Ermakov ◽  
S V Presnyakov ◽  
V A Usachev
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Radio Imaging ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Ultra Short Pulse

Abstract An analysis of the requirements for radar systems for autonomous sea vessels operating in the Arctic regions shows that to ensure the safety of transport and oil and gas facilities, it is necessary to evolution to radar systems with characteristics that significantly exceed the existing classification requirements. The application of ultra-wideband and ultra-short-pulse radars, including those based on the principles of microwave photonics, which will provide a radio-imaging mode and decimetre levels of accuracy when measuring coordinates, as well as observation of small objects, ice conditions and detection of oil spills, is proposed. The use of such radar facilities to ensure high-precision navigation will make it possible to start solving the problem of creating autonomous vessels, provided that the safety of logistics operations in the oil and gas complex is ensured.

Changes in the human nuclear chromatin induced by ultra wideband pulse irradiation

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Shckorbatov ◽  
Vladimir Pasiuga ◽  
Nicolai Kolchigin ◽  
Dmitry Batrakov ◽  
Oleg Kazansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Pulse Radiation ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Irradiation Intensity ◽  
Ultra Short Pulse

AbstractThe effects of ultra wideband pulse radiation on human cells were investigated. The density of the flow of energy on the surface of irradiated object varied from 10−6 to 10−2 W/cm2 with exposure of 10 s. It was shown that heterochromatin granule quantity in cell nuclei increased under the influence of radiation from 10−4 to 10−2 W/cm2. In some intervals the effect increased with irradiation dose. At irradiation intensity 10−3 W/cm2 the process of heterochromatin granule formation was fully reversible after 2 h of recovery; at intensity 10−2 W/cm2 the reversion of irradiation effects was not full. The data obtained indicated the strong biological activity of ultra wideband ultra short pulse radiation.

Assessing the potential to detect oil spills in and under snow using airborne ground-penetrating radar

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. G1-G12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Bradford ◽  
David F. Dickins ◽  
Per Johan Brandvik
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Impedance Contrast ◽  
Snow Stratigraphy ◽  
Natural Snow ◽  
Ground Penetrating

With recent increased interest in oil and gas exploration and development in the Arctic comes increased potential for an accidental hydrocarbon release into the cryosphere, including within and at the base of snow. There is a critical need to develop effective and reliable methods for detecting such spills. Numerical modeling shows that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is sensitive to the presence of oil in the snow pack over a broad range of snow densities and oil types. Oil spills from the surface drain through the snow by the mechanisms of unsaturated flow and form geometrically complex distributions that are controlled by snow stratigraphy. These complex distributions generate an irregular pattern of radar reflections that can be differentiated from natural snow stratigraphy, but in many cases, interpretation will not be straightforward. Oil located at the base of the snow tends to reduce the impedance contrast with the underlying ice or soil substrate resulting in anomalously low-amplitude radar reflections. Results of a controlled field experiment using a helicopter-borne, [Formula: see text] GPR system showed that a [Formula: see text]-thick oil film trapped between snow and sea ice was detected based on a 51% decrease in reflection strength. This is the first reported test of GPR for the problem of oil detection in and under snow. Results indicate that GPR has the potential to become a robust tool that can substantially improve oil spill characterization and remediation.

scholarly journals Digital technology risk reduction mechanisms to enhance ecological and human safety in the northern sea route for oil and gas companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 06047
Author(s):  
Ishel Bianco ◽  
Igor Ilin ◽  
Alexander Iliinsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Reduction Mechanisms ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Transportation Routes ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Climate change has removed large quantities of ice and has removed impediments to Arctic sea navigation and in doing so has opened up a new route. Most of these ice-free routes can be used for navigation including oil and gas logistics and transportation and reducing transit by more than 5000 nautical miles. While these events allow for a widening of transportation routes but many challenges naturally inherent to the Arctic are still present, for example, the risk of possible oil spills in the very sensitive ecosystem and the safety risks to crew and equipment. New Technology offers more thorough ways to minimize and manage this risk and to preserve the integrity of ecosystems, safety of people and the profits of companies where operations are more cost sensitive and difficult than in other regions of the world. This paper proposes one model of risk reduction and evaluates the best ways to reduce ecological and safety risks of oil and gas companies operating in the Arctic route. It also proposes methods to incorporate digital value into the organization through four sectors, Sustainability, Efficiency, Accountability and Profitability.

Arctic Marine Shore Classification for Regional Planning and Environmental Assessment

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Welch
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Habitat Assessment ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Comprehensive Planning ◽  
Emergency Measures

Proposed developments of oil and gas in Canada's Arctic may impact severely on shorelines, wildlife and habitats, and native land uses in the coastal zone. The large scale of these projects requires prior comprehensive planning and environmental assessment at regional scales. Along with other social and environmental information, data on shore types is required. This paper describes a Canadian program of Arctic marine shore classification at regional scales. To date, 20 classes of landform association are used to map, at 1:250,000, shore types for about one-third of the Arctic islands. Applications can include the rating of sensitivity to oil spills, logistics planning for monitoring and emergency measures, site selection and habitat assessment, etc. Examples of shore classes and evaluations are given.

OHMSETT TESTS OF A ROPE-MOP SKIMMER IN ICE-INFESTED WATERS1

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Shum ◽  
M. Borst Mason & Hanger-Silas
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Test Tank ◽  
Broken Ice ◽  
Petroleum Development ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT The increase in petroleum development activities in the arctic region has raised concerns over potential oil spills during the broken ice season. Currently, exploratory drilling for oil and gas is restricted during this season due to the lack of proven oil spill cleanup methods for broken ice fields. Test programs have been conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) to determine the feasibility of cold weather testing and to evaluate various oil spill cleanup methods considered for use in the arctic. This paper describes a test program to determine the practicality of using a catamaran-mounted rope-mop skimmer for spill cleanup in broken ice fields. An Oil Map Pollution Control, Ltd., prototype arctic skimmer was tested in the test tank under controlled conditions during January 30 to February 7, 1984. Freshwater ice cubes of 250 to 280 millimeters (mm) were used in the tests to approximate a broken ice field. During tests, a predetermined ice condition was established across the encounter width of the rope mops and oil was distributed over the ice. The oil and ice were channeled into the skimmer by two booms, which were joined to the skimmer at the bow. Nine tests were conducted at a tow speed of 1 knot using Circo 4X light oil. During the tests, ice concentrations were varied from 0 to 75 percent of the surface area, and oil slick thickness varied from 3 to 8 mm. The test results demonstrated the spill cleanup capability of the skimmer in ice-infested waters having up to 50 percent ice coverage. At higher ice concentrations, the skimmer was ineffective due to ice jamming at the skimmer inlet.

NEW IMO/EPPR GUIDES TO ARCTIC OIL SPILL RESPONSE – STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1182-1193
Author(s):  
E. H. Owens ◽  
D. F. Dickins ◽  
L. B. Solsberg ◽  
O-K. Bjerkemo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Snow And Ice

ABSTRACT In 2015 and 2016, two complementary projects produced both a new strategic guide (in two versions) and an updated operationally oriented guide to assist managers, regulators and responders in responding effectively to oil spills in snow and ice conditions. The objective of the first initiative, which began as a Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) project, a “Guide to Oil Spill Response in Snow and Ice Conditions”, was to identify and describe the strategic aspects of planning and operations. This program gained a separate phase through the Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) working group of the Arctic Council to adapt the Guide specifically for Arctic waters. The second initiative by EPPR was to update the 1998 “Field Guide for Oil Spill Response in Arctic Waters” while retaining the original operational focus. The 2016 version of the Field Guide incorporates major revisions and updates to sections on strategies and countermeasures, for example the use of herders and burning, dispersants in ice and specialized brush skimmers as well as advances in remote sensing and tracking. In addition, new sections address important topics such as Health and Human Safety, Logistics and Wildlife Response. The overall goal was to produce two complementary documents that provide a broad base of essential information to key decision-makers and responders at both the strategic planning level and at the field tactics and operations level. These two projects bring together a wide range of new knowledge generated over the past two decades that make many previous manuals and documents out of date. With such a vast amount of recent literature, the new strategic guide and the operational field guide update can only provide a brief summary of the new material but are valuable tools to indicate where the more detailed documents can be found.

scholarly journals EXPLORATION WELLS COMPLETION IN ICE CONDITIONS OF THE ARCTIC

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
D. A. Kustyshev ◽  
A. V. Kustyshev ◽  
A. A. Barkov ◽  
M. D. Antonov ◽  
V. A. Dolgushin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ice Conditions

The article considers the history of development of oil and gas resources of seas and oceans, and prospects of the Arctic off-shore fields development. The analysis of the project solutions on development of the off-shore gas and gas-condensate fields in the Tyumen region north has been carried out. The technology solutions are proposed aimed on completion of prospecting wells from the ice islands at time deficit using drill rigs, as well as on completion of wells with using the preventing units.

scholarly journals Legal Liability in the Canadian Arctic Relating to Oil Spills and Blowouts

1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
D. E. Lewis, Q.C.
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Gas Industry

There is an ever-increasing concern in today's society about problems arising from pollution, but issues of liability for and prevention of pollution in the Arctic are particularly acute. This article discusses the pollution problems of the oil and gas industry in the Arctic with respect to liability for oil spills and blowouts. The article considers possible common law and statutory liability for personal injuries and property damage caused by blowouts and oil spills that may occur both on and off shore. The article concludes with) discussion of the special problems of foreseeability of damage in the Arctic.

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