scholarly journals Development of a Range of Modified Multifunctional Residual Current Systems and Their Industrial Implementation

2022 ◽  
Vol 1211 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
O К Nikolsky ◽  
T M Khalina
Keyword(s):  
Electric Shock ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Residual Current ◽  
Leakage Currents ◽  
Fault Currents ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Current Systems

Abstract The developments of the AltSTU have been reviewed in the area of creating a new technology for preventing technogenic hazards based on the residual current devices. The residual current devices are intended for protecting people from electric shock in case of contact with conductive parts of the electric appliances and shall facilitate reduction of fire risks caused by a prolonged flow of leakage currents and fault currents resulting from them. The results of creating different modifications of protective trip circuits and their industrial use are provided.

scholarly journals Testing Sensitivity of A-Type Residual Current Devices to Earth Fault Currents with Harmonics

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2044
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Czapp
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Residual Current ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Earth Fault ◽  
Fault Currents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sinusoidal Waveform

In many applications, modern current-using equipment utilizes power electronic converters to control the consumed power and to adjust the motor speed. Such equipment is used both in industrial and domestic installations. A characteristic feature of the converters is producing distorted earth fault currents, which contain a wide spectrum of harmonics, including high-order harmonics. Nowadays, protection against electric shock in low-voltage power systems is commonly performed with the use of residual current devices (RCDs). In the presence of harmonics, the RCDs may have a tripping current significantly different from that provided for the nominal sinusoidal waveform. Thus, in some cases, protection against electric shock may not be effective. The aim of this paper is to present the result of a wide-range laboratory test of the sensitivity of A-type RCDs in the presence of harmonics. This test has shown that the behavior of RCDs in the presence of harmonics can be varied, including the cases in which the RCD does not react to the distorted earth fault current, as well as cases in which the sensitivity of the RCD is increased. The properties of the main elements of RCDs, including the current sensor, for high-frequency current components are discussed as well.

scholarly journals New Global Referencing Approach in a Camera-LCD Micro Positioning System

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Óscar de Francisco Ortiz ◽  
Irene Ortiz ◽  
Antonio Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Current Systems

In any precision manufacturing process, positioning systems play a very important role in achieving a quality product. As a new approach to current systems, camera-LCD positioning systems are a new technology that can provide substantial improvements enabling better accuracy and repeatability. However, in order to provide stability to the system a global positioning system is required. This paper presents an improvement of a positioning system based on the treatment of images on an LCD in which a new algorithm with absolute reference has been implemented. The method is based on basic geometry and linear algebra applied to computer vision. The algorithm determines the spiral center using an image taken at any point. Consequently, the system constantly knows its position and does not lose its reference. Several modifications of the algorithm are proposed and compared. The simulation and test of the algorithm provide an important improvement in the reliability and stability of the positioning system providing errors of microns for the calculation of the global position used by the algorithm.

scholarly journals Striving for a Safer and More Ergonomic Workplace: Acceptability and Human Factors Related to the Adoption of AR/VR Glasses in Industry 4.0

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-307
Author(s):  
Cecilia Sik Lanyi ◽  
John Dermott Alexander Withers
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Research Questions

The word smart is very popular these days, as a result of nearly everything being digital today. Background information: In this digital world, everything is interconnected by smart devices. The driving force behind this is today’s Industry 4.0 environment, which is affected by many factors, including the ergonomic and safe design of new technology, ensuring the safety of factory operators, whilst increasing productivity and profits. The authors answer the following research questions: Are AR/VR systems or devices proposed for industrial use capable of meeting the needs of the industry (including sustainability)? Are these AR/VR devices designed to ensure easy use and efficient training of factory operators? Do the proposals of the reviewed research papers place sufficient emphasis on creating ergonomic workplaces? These publications were categorized into three subcategories based on the used key technology, research or application area, and their main purposes. Conclusion: Virtual reality, augmented reality, and IoT are becoming increasingly more suitable for industrial use, despite facing scrutiny and criticism.

scholarly journals The Effects of High-Frequency Residual Currents on the Operation of Residual Current Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
T. M. H. Slangen ◽  
◽  
B. R. F. Lustenhouwer ◽  
V. Cuk ◽  
J. F. G. Cobben
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Residual Current ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Leakage Currents ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Residual Currents ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Frequency Current

This research investigates the effects of high frequency currents between 50 Hz and 150 kHz on the operation of Residual Current Devices (RCDs). Nowadays, the increasing amount of large power-electronic switching devices can be a source of both harmonics (<2 kHz) and supraharmonics (2-150 kHz) currents injected to the grid. This can have several effects and possibly lead to unwanted tripping of RCDs, due to high earth-currents that can be emitted by the devices. The question is if supraharmonics can also lead to misoperation or fail-to-operate conditions for the RCDs, potentially leading to serious safety risks. A set-up is developed to introduce both 50 Hz and highfrequency leakage currents. First, the 50 Hz tripping-current of the RCDs is tested under nominal conditions. Secondly, the tripping current for non-nominal frequencies (between 50 Hz and 150 kHz) is determined to verify the possibility for false tripping. Lastly, the 50 Hz tripping current for the RCD is tested in the presence of a high-frequency current. The most important conclusion is that RCDs of type A and AC have an increased fundamental (50 Hz) tripping current when there are HFcomponents present. This potentially results in a safety risk.

Manufacturability Evaluation Shell: A Re-Configurable Environment for Technical and Economic Manufacturability Evaluation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth Varkey Tharakan ◽  
Zuozhi Zhao ◽  
Jami Shah
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
2.5D Milling ◽  
Generic Tasks ◽  
Manufacturability Evaluation ◽  
Domain Independent ◽  
Current Systems

The process of manufacturability evaluation is composed of a series of generic tasks. Though domain knowledge is utilized to evaluate manufacturability the evaluation method itself is independent of domain. Manufacturability has different levels of abstraction – process level, workshop level and machine level. Currently existing assessment tools address manufacturability in specific domains and stages. In the emerging markets of increasing competition, streamlining the PRP involves designing with manufacturing capability in mind, and knowledge and application of new technology and processes. This paper proposes a generic domain independent shell for manufacturability that is configurable and customizable to any domain or process. The paper presents the three stages of manufacturability and its relevance to a domain independent approach to manufacturability assessment. The paper presents the problems plaguing current systems and charts out the requirements for a new generic shell that can overcome these shortcomings. The paper then presents the architecture of the shell and presents issues of implementation and two case studies (2.5D milling and injection-molding) as a proof of concept of the functioning of the shell.

scholarly journals STUDI PROTEKSI ELECTRIC SHOCK PADA INSTALASI RUMAH TINGGAL MENGGUNAKAN RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH INTERGRAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Sofyar Sofyar
Keyword(s):  
Electric Shock ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Residual Current ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Current Sensitivity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Overload Protection

This paper offers a solution for securing a simple residential installation of the dangers of electric shock. In the introduction, the background of the importance of using a protection system in electrical installations is explained and some definitions related to electric shock and RCBO. For the part of the research method, the specifications of the RCBO used are displayed and the flow of the research is also shown. In the discussion and the results it is known that RCBO will trif if there is an overload, short circuit, and electric shock caused by direct contact with the live part. For nominal current (In) from RCBO, RCBO with a value of 6 Ampere and its current sensitivity (I∆n = 30 mA) is chosen according to the RCBO on the market.

scholarly journals Behavior of Residual Current Devices at Frequencies up to 50 kHz

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1785
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Czapp ◽  
Hanan Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Electric Shock ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Residual Current ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Operating Current ◽  
Low Voltage Circuits ◽  
Frequency Components

The use of residual current devices (RCDs) is obligatory in many types of low-voltage circuits. They are devices that ensure protection against electric shock in the case of indirect contact and may ensure additional protection in the case of direct contact. For the latter purpose of protection, only RCDs of a rated residual operating current not exceeding 30 mA are suitable. Unfortunately, modem current-using equipment supplied via electronic converters with a pulse width modulation produces earth fault currents composed of high-frequency components. Frequency of these components may have even several dozen kHz. Such components negatively influence the RCDs’ tripping level and, hence, protection against electric shock may be ineffective. This paper presents the results of the RCDs’ tripping test for frequencies up to 50 kHz. The results of the test have shown that many RCDs offered on the market are not able to trip for such frequencies. Such behavior was also noted for F-type and B-type RCDs which are recommended for the circuits of high-frequency components. Results of the test have been related to the requirements of the standards concerning RCDs operation. The conclusion is that these requirements are not sufficient nowadays and should be modified. Proposals for their modification are presented.

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