A preliminary study on cellulose acetate composite membranes: effect of nanoparticles types in their preparation and application

Abstract This work reported a new perspective on improving the incorporation of nanoparticles(NPs) into membranes for several applications. Composite membranes were produced via the phase inversion method using cellulose acetate (CA) as the polymer, mixed with four different NPs: ZnO and Fe3O4 NPs were prepared by the co-precipitation method, while SiO2 and TiO2 NPs were commercial NPs. The impact of NPs on the membrane morphology was investigated by SEM and AFM. The composite CA membranes have been characterized by their contact angle, porosity, and water content. Membrane performance has been investigated in terms of water permeability and salt retention such as NaCl and Na2SO4. The produced CA composite membrane could be successfully applied for salt removal, particularly the CA-Fe3O4 composite membrane, which shows good water permeability (15.4 L/m2h bar) and higher salt rejection (93%).Consequently, the use of low-density hydrophilic NPs in the polymeric dope solution produces membranes with higher hydrophilicity and the ability to reduce the membrane fouling.

Download Full-text

Catalytic Hydrolysis of Hydrogen Cyanide on Cu-Al Catalyst

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1094 ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Lin Xia Yan ◽

Sen Lin Tian ◽

Qiu Lin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Calcination Temperature ◽

Hydrogen Cyanide ◽

Influence Factor ◽

Ph Value ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Cu Content ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

The Impact ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Cu-Al catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method to study hydrolysis of hydrogen cyanide. During the synthesis, the impact of Cu/Al molar ratio, pH value and calcination temperature was investigated and the best synthesis condition was found. The results indicate that the remove of hydrogen cyanide first increases and then decreases with increasing Cu/Al molar ratio, pH value and calcination temperature, which reaches the maxima and remains above 95% at 360 min when Cu/Al molar ratio is 2:1, pH value is approximately 8.0 and calcination temperature is 400°C around. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that Cu content is the main influence factor at Cu/Al molar ratio below 2:1 whereas crystallinity of catalysts is the key factor at Cu/Al molar ratio above 2:1.

Download Full-text

Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13246718 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 6718

Author(s):

Muhammad Awais Ashfaq Alvi ◽

Mesfin Belayneh ◽

Sulalit Bandyopadhyay ◽

Mona Wetrhus Minde

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

The Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Filtrate Loss ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

The Impact

In recent years, several studies have indicated the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) on various properties (such as viscosity and fluid loss) of conventional drilling fluids. Our previous study with commercial iron oxide NPs indicated the potential of using NPs to improve the properties of a laboratory bentonite-based drilling fluid without barite. In the present work, iron oxide NPs have been synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The effect of these hydrophilic NPs has been evaluated in bentonite and KCl-based drilling fluids. Rheological properties at different temperatures, viscoelastic properties, lubricity, and filtrate loss were measured to study the effect of NPs on the base fluid. Also, elemental analysis of the filtrate and microscale analysis of the filter cake was performed. Results for bentonite-based fluid showed that 0.019 wt% (0.1 g) of NPs reduced the coefficient of friction by 47%, and 0.0095 wt% (0.05 g) of NPs reduced the fluid loss by 20%. Moreover, for KCl-based fluids, 0.019 wt% (0.1 g) of additive reduced the coefficient of friction by 45%, while higher concentration of 0.038 wt% (0.2 g) of NPs shows 14% reduction in the filtrate loss. Microscale analysis shows that presence of NPs in the cake structure produces a more compact and less porous structure. This study indicates that very small concentration of NPs can provide better performance for the drilling fluids. Additionally, results from this work indicate the ability of NPs to fine-tune the properties of drilling fluids.

Download Full-text

Ordered mesoporous silica/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membranes for effective removal of water contaminants

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c5ta09177b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 3850-3857 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jianwei Fan ◽

Dandan Li ◽

Wei Teng ◽

Jianping Yang ◽

Yong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Ordered Mesoporous Silica ◽

Water Contaminants ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Ordered Mesoporous ◽

One Step ◽

Co Precipitation

Ordered mesoporous silica/polyvinylidene fluoride membranes were fabricated via a versatile and industrially compatible one-step immersion co-precipitation method. They exhibit effective decontamination performance for water containing methylene blue and Cu(ii) ions, respectively.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF BENTONITE AS FILLER IN COMPOSITE MEMBRANE PERFORMANCE POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF)-POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE (PMMA)

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.24815/jn.v18i1.8023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Erda Marniza ◽

Marlina . ◽

M Nasir

Keyword(s):

Composite Membrane ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Wave Number ◽

Water Model ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Ftir Characterization ◽

Oily Waste

Abstract. The effect of bentonite as filler on the performance of the composite membrane of PVDF-PMMA has been performed. This study was conducted to determine the performance PVDF-PMMA composite membranes and membrane applications PVDF-PMMA-Bentonite on oily wastes. Bentonite is obtained from North Aceh while PVDF membrane-PMMA by phase inversion method. This study uses an oily waste water model was made by mixing surfactant tween 80 with concentration of 2% with palm oil and gas oil. Membrane PVDF-PMMA-Bentonite is analyzing using cell ultrafiltration (flux test), FTIR and SEM-EDX. The results showed that the value of flux with the addition of bentonite is greater than without bentonite. Good flux values contained in the PVDF-PMMA-Bentonite (1:1:2) amounted to 32.143 L/m2.h.bar with permeability of 21.428 L/m2.h. FTIR characterization analysis results show that bentonite can add to pore at wave number 1520 cm -1 and 1660 cm-1 SEM and EDX results showed regular shape and uniform pore. Keywords: Membrane, bentonite, filler, FTIR, SEM-EDX, Oily wastewater

Download Full-text

Study of the Effectiveness of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle in Polyethersulfone (PES) Composite Membrane for Removal of Oil in Oily Wastewater

Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology ◽

10.11113/amst.v19i1.21 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Munawar Zaman Shahruddin ◽

Nuratikah Zakaria ◽

Nurul Fattin Diana Junaidi ◽

Nur Hashimah Alias ◽

Nur Hidayati Othman

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Composite Membrane ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Angle Measurement ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticle ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Oily Wastewater ◽

Cross Sectional

Polyethersulfone/Titanium oxide (PES/TiO2) composite membranes at various compositions of TiO2 nanoparticle (0, 0.1 and 0.5 wt. %) were prepared via phase inversion method. The prepared composite membranes were then tested for degradation process and separation process for oily wastewater. It was found that the addition of TiO2 that possess visible-light response activity led to an improvement of the membrane performances especially in photocatalytic activities. The membrane performances were also investigated by using liquid separation system in order to obtain the flux/permeation rate and also the percentage of oil removal by the membranes. The results indicate that the increment the amount of TiO2 nanoparticle in the composite membrane reduced the permeation flux. Further study has been made by characterizing the membranes in terms of contact angle, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The characterization results indicate that the TiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly mixed in the membrane. The increased of membrane hydrophilicity was demonstrated by the contact angle measurement. By adding TiO2, the membrane hydrophilicity was observed to be better than the neat PES composite membrane. Cross sectional images from FESEM also indicate that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles help in increasing the macro-void of the membranes. Finally, a comparison between neat PES membrane and PES/TiO2 nanoparticle membrane proved that addition of TiO2 nanoparticle can be one of the ways to maximize the removal of oil.

Download Full-text

A New Class of P(VdF-HFP)-CeO2-LiClO4-Based Composite Microporous Membrane Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries

International Journal of Electrochemistry ◽

10.4061/2011/926383 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Vijayakumar ◽

S. N. Karthick ◽

A. Subramania

Keyword(s):

Composite Membrane ◽

Phase Inversion ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Microporous Membrane ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Electrolyte Uptake ◽

A Cell ◽

Polymer Dissolution

Composite microporous membranes based on Poly (vinylidene fluoride–co-hexafluoro propylene) P(VdF-co-HFP)-CeO2were prepared by phase inversion and preferential polymer dissolution process. It was then immersed in 1M LiClO4-EC/DMC (v/v=1:1) electrolyte solution to obtain their corresponding composite microporous membrane electrolytes. For comparison, composite membrane electrolytes were also prepared by conventional phase inversion method. The surface morphology of composite membranes obtained by both methods was examined by FE-SEM analysis, and their thermal behaviour was investigated by DSC analysis. It was observed that the preferential polymer dissolution composite membrane electrolytes (PDCMEs) had better properties, such as higher porosity, electrolyte uptake (216 wt%), ionic conductivity (3.84 mS⋅cm−1) and good electrochemical stability (4.9 V), than the phase inversion composite membrane electrolytes (PICMEs). As a result, a cell fabricated with PDCME in between mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) anode and LiCoO2cathode had better cycling performance than a cell fabricated with PICME.

Download Full-text

Effects of Formulated Nano-Urea Hydroxyapatite Slow Release Fertilizer Composite on the Physical, Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Cluster Beans)

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2021.22975 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 159-165

Author(s):

Shylaja Singam ◽

Anand Rao Mesineni ◽

Ch. Shilpa Chakra

Keyword(s):

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽

X Ray ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

The Impact

Urea and phosphorous fertilizers are commonly used in agriculture but, due to their solubility in water and transportation, cause eutrophication. Hence, it is thought worthwhile to investigate for urea hydroxyapatite nanoparticles which have less mobility and could supply required N and P macronutrients to the crops. These high surface area nanoparticles are synthesized through chemical co-precipitation method and it is assumed that due to their biocompatibility, act as rich phosphorous and nitrogen source. These are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The impact of urea hydroxyapatite nanofertilizer on growth and yield of cluster bean plants for the period of four months has been carried out. The experimental results have shown that the usage of these nanofertilizers have enhanced both the plant growth and yield. The application of urea hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for the bio-availability of plants considered to be environment friendly.

Download Full-text

Impact Sensitivity of RDX and Viton Compositions Prepared by Co-precipitation Method

Defence Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dsj.65.8647 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 287 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. B. Wagh ◽

S. V. Ingale ◽

Ratanesh Kumar ◽

R.H. Naina ◽

T. C. Kaushik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Trend ◽

Impact Sensitivity ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Wide Range ◽

Homogeneous Composition ◽

Sensitivity Data ◽

Spectroscopy Studies ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

Friction Sensitivity ◽

The Impact

Desensitisation of explosive materials using polymers is an important area in safe utilisation of explosives in various applications. The RDX/viton composition has been developed using co-precipitation method with varying content of viton, ranging from 5 to 35 wt per cent. RDX and viton were dissolved in acetone which is a common solvent for RDX and viton, and then the acetone was extracted from the solution by distillation resulting in homogeneous RDX/viton composition. Infrared spectroscopy studies indicated presence of RDX and viton in the resulting compositions. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis studies made on yielded compositions confirmed that RDX is present in the composition in desired content. The shift in exotherm of RDX/viton composition as compared to RDX showed that polymer-bonded RDX compositions are more stable. The impact sensitivity studies showed that sensitivity of RDX/viton composition decreased with increasing content of viton. The similar trend was observed for friction sensitivity. The co-precipitation method has been found to be advantages to obtain homogeneous composition of RDX and viton (with viton content up to 25 wt per cent) as revealed by linear trend in sensitivity data measurements. It has been demonstrated that the sensitivity of RDX can be tailored within a wide range using viton so as to suit in desired applications.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 4, July 2015, pp. 287-291, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8647

Download Full-text

Chitosan/silica composite membrane: Performance on water permeability and rejection of lead(II) ion from aqueous solution

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v16n3.1489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 314-317

Author(s):

Nurshahida Rosdi ◽

Mohd Nazri Mohd Sokri ◽

Muhammad Ikmal Fitri Hairul Anuar ◽

Nor Asikin Awang ◽

Norhana Mohamed Rashid

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Composite Membrane ◽

Water Permeability ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Membrane Permeation ◽

Silica Composite ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Chitosan Membrane

Heavy metal such as lead can be classified as non-biodegradable inorganic pollutants which can contaminate the soils, ground water, sediments and surface water. It cannot be broken down or decomposed by living organism and can continue to exist over a prolonged period, generating harmful effects to the living things. Thus, lead removal is necessary in order to reduce the amount of heavy metals contaminated in water. The purpose of this study was to fabricate chitosan/silica based composite membrane for removal of Pb(II) metal ions from aqueous solution by membrane filtration technique. The composite membranes were characterized in terms of morphological studies and functional group analysis by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analysis, respectively. The membrane permeation performance, in terms of water permeability and rejection of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution, was conducted by using membrane permeation system. SEM images illustrated that the presence of macrovoids on the cross-section of the chitosan/silica composite membrane has improved the morphology of pure chitosan membrane and assisted in the rejection of Pb(II) ions. Meanwhile, FTIR-ATR spectra showed the presence of new adsorption peaks, contributed by silica interaction with hydroxyl group of chitosan. The addition of silica to chitosan membrane has significantly enhanced the pure water permeability from 37.36 L/m2h to 42.43 L/m2h. Furthermore, the rejection of Pb(II) metal ions by chitosan/silica composite membrane was slightly higher compared to pure chitosan membrane with the removal efficiency of 13.78% at 0.5 bar applied pressure. These findings indicates the potential use of silica to improve chitosan membrane properties and reduce heavy metal pollution in water.

Download Full-text

Increasing the Electrical Conductivity of Layered Double Hydroxides by Intercalation of Ionic Liquids

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 941 ◽

pp. 2209-2213

Author(s):

Erica Ciotta ◽

Roberto Pizzoferrato ◽

Maria Luisa Di Vona ◽

Ivan Vito Ferrari ◽

Maria Richetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Layered Double Hydroxides ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Anionic Clays ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

Double Hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are anionic clays composed by host layers of positively charged metal hydroxide, in which anions are intercalated to neutralize the charge of the positive layers. Because of the positive charge of the structure and because of their properties of anion exchanges, diﬀerent anions can be intercalated into the structure. In recent years the ionic conductivity of LDHs was studied for use as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries or PVA/LDH hybrid membranes for fuel cells. However, such studies have reported very low values of the electrical conductivity that is less than 10-3 S cm-1 near room temperature. However, the ion conductivities of LDHs depends on the intercalated anion species and may be aﬀected by diﬀerence in the synthesis condition. Moreover, the anion conductivity increases with increasing interlayer distance and as more water is adsorbed by LDH. Within this framework, we have intercalated two ionic liquids, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (Bmim-HSO4) in the interlamellar space with the purpose of increasing the ionic conductivity and decreasing the dependence from the water content. LDH was prepared using the co-precipitation method with controlled pH. The introduction of IL was performed by the intercalation methods. The increase of conductivity was around an order of magnitude in the case of Bmim-HSO4. The LDH-IL can be an interesting material to prepare composite membranes for electrochemical applications.

Download Full-text