A Stable 4-Bit ALU Design for Printed Devices

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
JunHa Suk ◽  
ChanYeop Ahn ◽  
S M Mojahidul Ahsan ◽  
SoYoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Smart Packaging ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Voltage Degradation ◽  
Logic Unit

Abstract Printed devices fabricated using roll-to-roll (R2R) printing technology have been used in low-cost Internet of Things (IoTs), smart packaging and bio-chips. As the area of applications of printed devices broadens, arithmetic units in digital design need to be implemented. In this paper, we propose a stable 4-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) design using a minimum number of transistors that can overcome the limitations of printed devices. We propose the use of a 2:1 transmission gate (TG) multiplexer (MUX) structure and hybrid 16T full-adder to construct the ALU. New design methods are applied to reduce the number of inverter stages added to overcome the voltage degradation. Using this approach reduces the total number of transistors used in the design from 276 to 153, compared to the conventional design, with significant improvements in delay and power performance.

Bringing Security to The Smallest Embedded Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH YIU
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Iot Devices

The increasing need for security in microcontrollers Security has long been a significant challenge in microcontroller applications(MCUs). Traditionally, many microcontroller systems did not have strong security measures against remote attacks as most of them are not connected to the Internet, and many microcontrollers are deemed to be cheap and simple. With the growth of IoT (Internet of Things), security in low cost microcontrollers moved toward the spotlight and the security requirements of these IoT devices are now just as critical as high-end systems due to:

scholarly journals Skyrmion Logic-In-Memory Architecture for Maximum/Minimum Search

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Luca Gnoli ◽  
Fabrizio Riente ◽  
Marco Vacca ◽  
Massimo Ruo Roch ◽  
Mariagrazia Graziano
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Physical Simulations ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Logic Functions ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Cmos Implementation ◽  
Maximum Minimum

In modern computing systems there is the need to utilize a large amount of data in maintaining high efficiency. Limited memory bandwidth, coupled with the performance gap between memory and logic, impacts heavily on algorithms performance, increasing the overall time and energy required for computation. A possible approach to overcome such limitations is Logic-In-Memory (LIM). In this paper, we propose a LIM architecture based on a non-volatile skyrmion-based recetrack memory. The architecture can be used as a memory or can perform advanced logic functions on the stored data, for example searching for the maximum/minimum number. The circuit has been designed and validated using physical simulations for the memory array together with digital design tools for the control logic. The results highlight the small area of the proposed architecture and its good energy efficiency compared with a reference CMOS implementation.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Porous Silicon Based Humidity Sensing Elements on Paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero Jalkanen ◽  
Anni Määttänen ◽  
Ermei Mäkilä ◽  
Jaani Tuura ◽  
Martti Kaasalainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Silver Electrodes ◽  
Silicon Based

A roll-to-roll compatible fabrication process of porous silicon (pSi) based sensing elements for a real-time humidity monitoring is described. The sensing elements, consisting of printed interdigitated silver electrodes and a spray-coated pSi layer, were fabricated on a coated paper substrate by a two-step process. Capacitive and resistive responses of the sensing elements were examined under different concentrations of humidity. More than a three orders of magnitude reproducible decrease in resistance was measured when the relative humidity (RH) was increased from 0% to 90%. A relatively fast recovery without the need of any refreshing methods was observed with a change in RH. Humidity background signal and hysteresis arising from the paper substrate were dependent on the thickness of sensing pSi layer. Hysteresis in most optimal sensing element setup (a thick pSi layer) was still noticeable but not detrimental for the sensing. In addition to electrical characterization of sensing elements, thermal degradation and moisture adsorption properties of the paper substrate were examined in connection to the fabrication process of the silver electrodes and the moisture sensitivity of the paper. The results pave the way towards the development of low-cost humidity sensors which could be utilized, for example, in smart packaging applications or in smart cities to monitor the environment.

An Investigation onto Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Printing Plate of Multiple Functional Solid Line by Flexographic

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Maksud ◽  
Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof ◽  
M. Mahadi Abdul Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Line Width ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Printing Processes

Recently low cost production is vital to produce printed electronics by roll to roll manufacturing printing process like a flexographic. Flexographic has a high speed technique which commonly used for printing onto large area flexible substrates. However, the minimum feature sizes achieved with roll to roll printing processes, such as flexographic is in the range of fifty microns. The main contribution of this limitation is photopolymer flexographic plate unable to be produced finer micron range due to film that made by Laser Ablation Mask (LAMs) technology not sufficiently robust and consequently at micron ranges line will not be formed on the printing plate. Hence, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used instead of photopolymer. Printing trial had been conducted and multiple solid lines successfully printed for below fifty microns line width with no interference between two adjacent lines of the printed images.

Prototype Smart Home Berbasis Internet of Things untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Penggunan Listrik

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Safira Salsabila ◽  
Dian Kasoni
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Shift Register ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Logic Unit

Abstract— Microcontroller is a hardware in which there is a processor, input and output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, Shift Register and Aritmatic Logic Unit. Microcontroller is able to activate some electronic devices such as led, buzzer, motor, lighting and so on. Currently, at the home of the writer has many light switches in each room and often causes the user to become disoriented when turning on the light and the condition of the gate in the yard was that close to the roads often led to congestion when it would either open or close the house gates. The activation method of lights and other electronic devices still use manual method, so it is inefficient and causing excessive cost of electricity. For that built a system to activate every device in every room at the house based internet of things which will be activated by a website display on the internet so that the lights in each room and other device will activate.. With the creation of this system is expected to reduce the cost of electricity on writer’s house and as a first step to realize the smart home in the utilization of technological progress, especially in the field of microcontroller.   Intisari— Mikrokontroller merupakan sebuah perangkat keras yang didalamnya terdapat sebuah processor, input dan output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, Shift Register dan Aritmatic Logic Unit. Mikrokontroller ini mampu mengaktifkan beberapa perangkat elektronika seperti led, buzzer, motor, lampu penerangan dan sebagainya. Saat ini, di rumah pribadi penulis memiliki banyak saklar lampu di setiap ruangan dan sering mengakibatkan setiap pengguna kebingungan saatmenghidupkan lampu dan gerbang di halaman rumah memiliki jarak yang dekat dengan jalanan seringkali menimbulkankemacetan saat akan membuka ataupun menutup gerbang rumah. Metode pengaktifan perangkat lampu dan alatelektronik yang lain masih menggunakan cara manual, sehingga tidak efisien dan menimbulkan pengeluaran biaya listrik yangberlebih. Untuk itu dibangun sebuah sistem untuk mengaktifkan setiap perangkat yang ada di ruangan rumah penulis berbasisInternet of Things yang akan diaktifkan oleh sebuah tampilan website melalui internet sehingga secara otomatis lampu disetiap ruangan dan perangkat lainnya akan aktif. Dengan dibuatnya sistem ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi pengeluaran biaya listrik di rumah pribadi penulis dan sebagai langkah awal mewujudkan smart home dalam pemanfaatan kemajuan teknologi, terutama dibidang mikrokontroller.

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