scholarly journals Evaluation of the Potential of Nanofluids Containing Different Ag Nanoparticle Size Distributions for Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion in Hybrid Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) Applications

Nano Express ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Walshe ◽  
John Doran ◽  
George Amarandei
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Abstract Hybridising photovoltaic and photothermal technologies into a single system that can simultaneously deliver heat and power represents one of the leading strategies for generating clean energy at more affordable prices. In a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system, the capability to modulate the thermal and electrical power output is significantly influenced by the spectral properties of the heat transfer fluid utilised. In this study, we report on one of the first experimental evaluations of the capability of a multimodal silver nanofluid containing various particle shapes and particle sizes to selectively modulate the solar energy for PVT applications. The diverse set of particle properties led up to a 50.4% enhancement in the solar energy absorbed by the nanofluid over the 300 nm – 550 nm spectral region, where silicon is known to exhibit poor photovoltaic conversion performances. This improved substantially the absorption of solar energy, with an additional 18 – 129 W m-2 of thermal power being generated by the PVT system. Along with the advancements made in the thermal power output of the PVT system, a decrease of 4.7 – 36.6 W m-2 in the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic element was noted. Thus, for every ~11 W m-2 increase of thermal power achieved through the addition of the nanoparticles, a reduction of ~3 W m-2 in the ability to generate clean electricity was sustained by the PVT. Despite the energy trade-offs involved under the conditions of the nanofluid, the PVT system cumulatively harvested 405 W m-2 of solar energy, which amounts to a total conversion efficiency of 45%. Furthermore, the economics of the additional energy harvested through merging of the two systems was found to reach an enhancement of 77% under certain European conditions.

Performance Analysis of Near-Field Thermophotovoltaic With a Multilayer Metallodielectric Emitter

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
J. Y. Chang ◽  
L. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Effective Medium Theory ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Alumina Layer ◽  
Photon Transport ◽  
Electrical Power Output

The photon transport and energy conversion of a near-field thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system with a selective emitter composed of alternate tungsten and alumina layers and a photovoltaic cell sandwiched by electrical contacts are theoretically investigated in this paper. Fluctuational electrodynamics along with the dyadic Green’s function for a multilayered structure is applied to calculate the spectral heat flux, and photocurrent generation and electrical power output are solved from the photon-coupled charge transport equations. The tungsten and alumina layer thicknesses are optimized to match the spectral heat flux with the bandgap of TPV cell. The spectral heat flux is much enhanced when plain tungsten emitter is replaced with the multilayer emitter due to the mechanism of surface plasmon polariton coupling in the tungsten thin film. In addition, the invalidity of effective medium theory to predict photon transport in the near field with multilayer emitters is discussed. Effects of a gold back reflector and indium tin oxide front coating with nanometer thickness, which could practically act as the electrodes to collect the photon-generated charges on the TPV cell, are explored. Conversion efficiency of 23.7% and electrical power output of 0.31 MW/m2 are achieved at 100 nm vacuum gap when the emitter and receiver are respectively at temperatures of 2000 K and 300 K.

scholarly journals Evaluating Energy Generation Capacity of PVDF Sensors: Effects of Sensor Geometry and Loading

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Mohammad Uddin ◽  
Shane Alford ◽  
Syed Mahfuzul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Thickness ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Electrical Power Output

This paper focuses on the energy generating capacity of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric material through a number of prototype sensors with different geometric and loading characteristics. The effect of sensor configuration, surface area, dielectric thickness, aspect ratio, loading frequency and strain on electrical power output was investigated systematically. Results showed that parallel bimorph sensor was found to be the best energy harvester, with measured capacitance being reasonably acceptable. Power output increased with the increase of sensor’s surface area, loading frequency, and mechanical strain, but decreased with the increase of the sensor thickness. For all scenarios, sensors under flicking loading exhibited higher power output than that under bending. A widely used energy harvesting circuit had been utilized successfully to convert the AC signal to DC, but at the sacrifice of some losses in power output. This study provided a useful insight and experimental validation into the optimization process for an energy harvester based on human movement for future development.

Experimental Investigation of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Modrek ◽  
Ali Al-Alili
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Electrical Output

Photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT) combines technologies of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors into a hybrid system by attaching an absorber to the back surface of a PV panel. PVT collectors have gained a lot of attention recently due to the high energy output per unit area compared to a standalone system of PV panels and solar thermal collectors. In this study, performance of a liquid cooled flat PVT collector under the climatic conditions of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates was experimentally investigated. The electrical performances of the PVT collector was compared to that of a standalone PV panel. Moreover, effect of sand accumulation on performance of PVT collectors was examined. Additionally, effect of mass flow rate on thermal and electrical output of PVT collector was studied. Electrical power output is slightly affected by changes in mass flow rate. However, thermal energy increased by 22% with increasing flow rate. Electrical power output of a PV panel was found to be 38% lower compared to electrical output of PVT collectors. Dust accumulation on PVT surface reduced electrical power output up to 7% compared with a reference PVT collector.

scholarly journals Design of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System in Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Elie Karam ◽  
Patrick Moukarzel ◽  
Maya Chamoun ◽  
Charbel Habchi ◽  
Charbel Bou-Mosleh
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Conduction Model ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Temperature Loss ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Due to global warming and the high toxic gas emissions of traditional power generation methods, renewable energy has become a very active topic in many applications. This study focuses on one versatile type of solar energy: Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System (hybrid PV/T). Hybrid PV/T combines both PV and thermal application and by doing this the efficiency of the system will increase by taking advantage of the temperature loss from PV module. The solar radiation and heat will be harnessed to deliver electricity and hot water simultaneously. In the present study a solar system is designed to recycle the heat and improve the temperature loss from PV module in order to supply both electricity and domestic hot water. The project was tested twice in Zouk Mosbeh - Lebanon; on May 18, 2016, and June 7, 2016. The average electrical efficiency was around 11.5% with an average electrical power output of 174.22 W, while with cooling, the average electrical efficiency reaches 11% with a power output of 200 W. The temperature increases by about 7 degrees Celsius from the inlet. The 1D conduction model is also performed in order to design the hybrid PV/T system.

Confirmation of a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Strategy Applied to a Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Wave-Energy Conversion

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Tom
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control ◽  
Floating Body ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Irregular Wave ◽  
Electrical Power Output

This paper begins with a brief review of the time-domain equation of motion for a generic floating body. The equation of motion of the floating body was modified to account for the influence of a power-take-off unit (PTO) to predict the hydrodynamic and electromechanical performance of the coupled system. As the damping coefficient is considered the dominant contribution to the PTO reaction force, the optimum non time-varying damping values were first presented for all frequencies, recovering the well-known impedance-matching principle at the coupled resonance frequency. In an effort to further maximize power absorption in both regular and irregular wave environments, nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) was applied to the model-scale point absorber developed at UC Berkeley. The proposed NMPC strategy requires a PTO unit that could be turned on and off instantaneously, leading, interestingly to electrical sequences where the generator would be inactive for up to 60% of the wave period. In order to validate the effectiveness of this NMPC strategy, an in-house designed permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG) was chosen as the PTO. The time-varying performance of the PMLG was first characterized by dry-bench tests, using mechanical relays to control the electromagnetic conversion process. Following this, the physical set-up was transferred to the wave tank. The on/off sequencing of the PMLG was tested under regular and irregular wave excitation to validate NMPC simulations using control inputs obtained from running the control algorithm offline. Experimental results indicate that successful implementation was achieved and the absorbed power using NMPC was up to 50% greater than the passive system, which utilized no controller. However, after considering the PMLG mechanical-to-electrical conversion efficiency the useful electrical power output was not consistently maximized. To improve output power, a mathematical relation between the efficiency and damping magnitude of the PMLG was inserted in the system model to maximize the electrical power output through continued use of NMPC. Of significance, results from these latter simulations provided a damping time series that was active over a larger portion of the wave period and required the actuation of the applied electrical load connected to the PMLG, rather than a simple on/off type control.

scholarly journals Electric Power Optimizing Of Solar Panel SystemThrough Solar Tracking Implementation; A Case Study in Pekanbaru

INSIST ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Adhy Prayitno ◽  
Muhammad Irvan ◽  
Sigit Nurharsanto ◽  
Wahyu Fajar Yantoa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Panel Surface ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Observations and measurements have been conducted towards a solar panel electric power output that is utilized by a solar tracking system. The electrical power output depends on the position of the sun and time and the direction of the panel surface against the angle of the incident light. For power optimization, the solar panel surface should always be directed perpendicular to the direction of the sunlight falling to the surface of the panel. The application of the solar tracking system controlled by a micro controller gives the expected results. The electrical power output of a static solar panel mounted on a fixed position becomes the benchmark of the output electric power value in this study. The measurement results of the electric power output of the solar panel with sun tracking system shows a significant increase in sunny weather conditions.The average increase of that is about 57.3%.Keywords: LDR, micro controller, optimal power output, performance improvment, sun tracking,

scholarly journals Optimization of the Power Output of a Bare Wind Turbine by the Use of a Plain Conical Diffuser

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace-Maker Masukume ◽  
Golden Makaka ◽  
Patrick Mukumba
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Wind Energy System ◽  
Conical Diffuser ◽  
Electrical Power Output

A plain conical diffuser is optimized to augment the wind speed at the throat of the diffuser. The diffuser is used in the construction of a diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) to augment the power output of a bare wind turbine (BWT). Experiments with empty conical diffusers were done to determine optimum geometrical parameters for the diffuser to achieve maximum wind speed augmentation. Using the obtained optimum geometrical parameters, an optimized plain conical DAWT was designed, constructed, and field tested. A twin decentralized wind energy system which comprised a BWT and the optimized plain conical DAWT was erected. The electrical power output from these systems was measured and compared. The optimized plain conical DAWT reduced the cut-in wind speed of a BWT from 2.5 m/s to 1.6 m/s. The power output was increased by a factor of 2.5. This power output is comparable to that of flanged diffusers. However, flanged-DAWTs are more inert due to the addition of the flange. Its response to wind speed and direction is slow as compared to plain conical DAWT. Thus, it cannot fully exploit the potential of the wind. Also, the addition of the flange increases its production cost. Therefore, plain conical DAWT can replace flanged-DAWT in wind power augmentation.

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