Pay Transparency: Conceptualization and Implications for Employees, Employers, and Society as a Whole

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Bamberger
Keyword(s):  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Rate Information ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Communication Policies

Pay transparency refers to the degree to which pay communication policies and practices governing employee pay knowledge facilitate or restrict the sharing of pay-related information. While relatively few enterprises have adopted transparent pay-communication practices, a variety of institutional factors, such as government regulations and social norms, are driving employers to provide their employees with greater pay knowledge. Consensus has emerged around the existence of three main dimensions or forms of pay transparency, namely pay-outcome transparency, pay-process transparency, and pay-communication transparency. Research findings indicate that pay-outcome transparency, which relates to the degree to which pay rate information is disclosed by the employer, has both beneficial and problematic consequences, depending on the outcome. For example, while pay-outcome transparency has been consistently found to be associated with enhanced individual task performance and reduced gender-based pay discrepancies, it has also been associated with higher levels of envy, diminished helping, heightened levels of counterproductive work behavior, and pay compression (which could elicit negative sorting effects). In contrast, pay-process transparency, which relates to the degree to which employees are informed about the parameters underlying reward-related decisions, has been found to have largely beneficial consequences and few unintended negative consequences. Finally, while it is least studied, pay-communication transparency, capturing the degree to which restrictions are placed on employees’ ability to share pay knowledge with others, is positively associated with employee perceptions of employer fairness and trustworthiness and can have significant implications for employee retention.

Consequences of supervisor self-interested behavior: a moderated mediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Jih-Yu Mao ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Lifan Chen ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behavior ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the negative consequences of employee perceptions of supervisor self-interested behavior (SIB). Using social exchange theory, the authors argue that perceived supervisor SIB reduces affective commitment to the supervisor (ACS), which in turn fosters employees’ negative reciprocal behavior in the form of counterproductive work behavior – interpersonal (CWBI) and counterproductive work behavior – organizational (CWBO). In addition, the authors identify employee power distance orientation (PDO) as an important contingent factor that influences the indirect effects. Design/methodology/approach Using a final sample of 441 employees from 146 workgroups across 6 firms in China, the hypotheses are tested using multilevel path analysis to account for the nesting effects. Findings Perceived supervisor SIB is negatively related to ACS, which in turn is related to employee CWBI and CWBO. Furthermore, employee PDO moderates the indirect effects of perceived supervisor SIB on employee CWBI and CWBO through decreased ACS. Specifically, when employee PDO is low, the indirect effects on employee CWBI and CWBO are stronger. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to investigate the influence of employee perceptions of supervisor SIB on negative employee behavior in the workplace. Furthermore, it furthers our understanding of how negative exchange can stimulate negative reciprocal behavior, which is a relatively underexplored area. Another strength of this paper is the multi-time survey design and the adoption of multilevel path analysis.

The effects of following celebrities’ lives via SNSs on life satisfaction: The palliative function of system justification and the moderating role of materialism

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3479-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihye Seo ◽  
Ki Deuk Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
The Relationship

Social media increases opportunities to glimpse celebrities’ glamorous lifestyles and to interact with celebrities. This study examines how the use of social networking sites (SNSs) for celebrity-related information and interactions influences users’ life satisfaction. Data analysis demonstrates that celebrity-related SNS activities decrease users’ life satisfaction by increasing relative deprivation through comparison with celebrities. However, the comparison also leads to system justification, serving a palliative function to cope with the potentially negative consequences of such comparisons, which in turn increases life satisfaction. Interestingly, materialism moderates the relationship such that the effects of comparison with celebrities on system justification are observed only among SNS users who hold high materialism values. Also, the direct positive effects of celebrity-related SNS use on life satisfaction are stronger for those with high materialistic values than for those with low materialistic values. The multifaceted functions of celebrity-related SNS activities for life satisfaction are discussed.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Gender Melalui Self Efikasi di Jombang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Siti Rofi’ah ◽  
Jasminto
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Business Training ◽  
The Future ◽  
Asset Based Community Development ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Online Business ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Condition Today

This research aimed to find and stimulate self-efficacy of children victims of gender-based sexual violence using the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method with the Apreciative Inquiry technique, individual assets and social assets owned by victims of sexual violence. Research findings show that  children who are victims of sexual violence are able to accept their condition today, realize their condition and have confidence that they still have success in the future, they will be successful in proving themselves that despite being victims of sexual violence they are able to achieve success in life by continuing school both formal and chase packages, working according to the field of expertise (working in a pharmacy, online business, training in cooking, continuing the business of parents).

scholarly journals Farm Health and Safety Issues

AAOHN Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Dewar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Health And Safety Issues

This study identifies gender specific farm health and safety issues. Based on a sample from the 1988 New York Farm Family Survey, descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were used to establish unique gender based profiles in terms of labor force participation, and prioritization of farm health and safety issues, concerns, and information sources. Based on the factor analysis, women's main farm health and safety issues included physical problems and occupational hazard screening needs, provider integrity, and economic incentives. Men's main issues consisted of accident related counseling needs, skin related hazards, and the farm related convenience of the services. Men and women had statistically significant differences in the types of information sources and reasons for using farm health and safety services. These differences imply that farm health and safety providers must consider both gender related information gathering and farm health and safety prioritizations to more efficiently allocate intervention resources, more effectively promote safety, and reduce the incidence of occupationally related morbidity and mortality in agriculture.

Internal Branding as Innovation Tenet

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-182
Author(s):  
Maria Matiatou
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Internal Branding ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Culture Positive

Innovation as a core value for most organizations is not simply the application of new technology to achieve a business goal: it must be directly expressed through brand experience. Brand driven innovation is human centric. New ideas require a welcoming organizational culture, positive mindsets and internal advocacy to grow. Businesses can really innovate when employees become their brand evangelists. In this chapter, we initially explore internal branding values and tactics. We assess its role as critical bridge over vision, culture and image gaps in case studies to bring awareness on success and risk factors. Employee perceptions of communication practices are captured and matched to aspiration, missions and organizational values. From this premise, we establish internal branding as practice that affects the company's ability to innovate effortlessly and organically. The strong liaison between diffusion of innovation and brand endorsement is confirmed, consolidating the vital role of internal branding in the implementation of an organization's business strategy.

ICT Is Not Gender Blind

2016 ◽  
pp. 174-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed Alhaji Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Developed World

This chapter critically reviewed literature on gender disparity associated with access and usage of ICT, focusing on the less developed world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors used relevant online literature sourced from research databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier and Wiley Online Library. With the aid of graphical illustrations, the chapter aligned its argument with some critical global research findings regarding gender-based mobile phone and Internet usage and the concept of ICT and gender. The chapter concluded that ICT gender gap negatively affects the socio-economic development of women, and recommended that ICTs manufacturers should integrate gender-balanced software and hardware right at the time of production of the technologies.

scholarly journals Determining Early Childhood Professionals’ Perspectives on Provider-Caregiver Nutrition Communication Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1357-1357
Author(s):  
Elder Varela ◽  
Ciana Bonfiglio ◽  
Amy Mobley
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Early Childcare ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Nutrition Communication ◽  
Childcare Providers

Abstract Objectives Explore early childcare providers’ perceptions on the barriers and facilitators to effective provider-caregiver communication practices to address child nutrition. Methods A mixed-methods design was utilized to interview childcare professionals working with children 0–3 years of age in Florida. Semi-structured interviews containing questions based on key Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs were conducted along with a short demographic questionnaire. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded by two researchers using a thematic analysis approach and major themes were summarized. Results Participants (n = 10) were female, early childcare providers with an average of seven years of experience and serving families with infants and toddlers ages 0 to 3 years old. While childcare professionals emphasized having the intention to convey nutrition-related information to the caregivers, major themes revealed barriers including time, parental provision of unhealthy foods, parent receptiveness and overall nutrition knowledge, and culture and language. Overall, participants described the nutrition communication practices at their center to be effective and suggested daily communication via mobile app as one of their best practices. Although, interactions with caregivers were often brief and revolved around sensitive and timely dietary information. All participants mentioned being open to receiving both nutrition education and communication strategies training to improve their current practices with caregivers. Conclusions While childcare professionals have the intention to convey nutrition-related information to the caregivers, they are often constrained by a variety of barriers. Further research will also be conducted to examine caregivers’ perceptions on this topic. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Valuation of ecosystem services in a region: A review of the international experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-103
Author(s):  
Vera Yurak ◽  
Margarita Ignatyeva ◽  
Aleksey Dushin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Valuation Of Ecosystem Services ◽  
Theory Of Value

The paper aims to investigate the international experience of valuation and identification of ecosystem services. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research includes the theory of value and the ecosystem approach. The authors apply the dialectical method, logical abstraction, comparative analysis, grouping method, and the method of analogies. To build the hierarchy of ecosystem services and determine the most important ones in relation to soil and forest ecosystems statistical methods are implemented. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the key projects on valuation of ecosystem services in terms of content, scale and adopted methods; the identification of the most often valuated ecosystem services; and refined classification of ecosystem services and method for their evaluation. The practical significance of the research lies in the improvement of the economic mechanism of the regulation of natural resources management, which is meant to mitigate the negative consequences of climate change, what eventually will increase the probability of attaining the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The research findings form the basis for further formulation of the methodological recommendations about valuation of the ecosystem services in different physical-geographical zones.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT OF CHILDREN FROM HOMELESS SHELTERS: AN AREA OF APPLICATION OF CRITICAL REFLEXIVITY IN SOCIAL WORK

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 568-573
Author(s):  
Kateřina Glumbíková ◽  
Alice Gojová ◽  
Soňa Vávrová ◽  
Barbora Gřundělová
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Homeless Shelters ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Homeless Children ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Critical Reflexivity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings

On a global scale, the number of families with homeless children is growing. Foreign research shows that homelessness is linked to social adjustment problems. In the Czech Republic there are no surveys on social adjustment in the homeless children population. This article presents partial data from a research survey focused on the situation of homeless mothers with children residing in shelters. The article aims to find out how mothers residing with their children in homeless shelters in the city of Ostrava interpret the social adjustment of their children. The research strategy is qualitative, based on a participatory approach (cooperation with two peer researchers). 33 interviews and 6 focus groups were implemented as part of the research. The research findings also point to a close link between the situation of homelessness and social adjustment of homeless children in the Czech environment, namely as a result of the necessity of socialization in a specific environment with negative consequences on the parenting style and success in school of the children combined with their experience of domestic violence. The research findings imply in practice the need to apply the concept of critical reflexivity in social work with children from homeless shelters.

scholarly journals The Counterproductive Effect of Pharmaceutical Marketing in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Dr. Fazle Malik ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Junaid ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Asif ◽  
Ilyas Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Pharmaceutical Marketing ◽  
Skewed Data ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Drug Regulatory Authority ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Prescribe Medicine ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Promotional Strategies

This study explores the effects of pharmaceutical marketing on patients and society in Pakistan. Pharmaceutical marketing is an integral part of the drug industry, which channels product-related information to healthcare professionals. Physicians are the target audience as they prescribe medicine to the users. The pharmaceutical industry mobilizes all resources to influence physicians’ prescriptions in favor of their brands. It is commendable from the organizational perspective, however; it leads to unintended negative consequences for society. The primary reason is the blind pursuit of commercial interest and near-total neglect of ethical behavior in marketing drugs. This study conducted open-ended 20 interviews from primary stakeholders of this issue that includes physicians, pharmaceutical managers, and officials of drug regulatory authority through purposive sampling. The findings show that misleading promotional strategies influencing physicians are responsible for the misuse and abuse of drugs and antibiotics. Pharmaceutical drug incentivization, the personal obligation for physicians, skewed data, and inappropriate promotions were the major categories developed during analysis. The study recommends various steps to minimize these ill effects.

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