6. The electronic age

Author(s):  
Jim Bennett

The application of radio waves triggered a wholly new approach to navigation at sea. ‘The electronic age’ begins with Radio Direction Finding introduced at the start of the 20th century with radio beacons established to transmit signals, so that a direction-finding antenna could determine a bearing to a known transmitter on shore. Examples of this technology were the short-distance Decca Navigator System and Loran (long-range aids to navigation). Radio detecting and ranging (radar), using shortwave radio signals, is also discussed along with the development of the inertial navigation system. Global satellite navigation systems have transformed the art of navigation, yet there is no immediate prospect of old techniques being abandoned.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Ivan Tkachev ◽  
Roman Vasilyev ◽  
Elena Belousova

Monitoring thunderstorm activity can help you solve many problems such as infrastructure facility protection, warning of hazardous phenomena associated with intense precipitation, study of conditions for the occurrence of thunderstorms and the degree of their influence on human activity, as well as the influence of thunderstorm activity on the formation of near-Earth space. We investigate the characteristics of thunderstorm cells by the method of cluster analysis. We take the Vereya-MR network data accumulated over a period from 2012 to 2018 as a basis. The Vereya-MR network considered in this paper is included in networks operating in the VLF-LF range (long and super-long radio waves). Reception points equipped with recording equipment, primary information processing systems, communication systems, precision time and positioning devices based on global satellite navigation systems are located throughout Russia. In the longitudinal-latitudinal thunderstorm distributions of interest, the dependence on the location of recording devices might be manifested. We compare the behavior of thunderstorms on the entire territory of the Russian Federation with those in the Baikal natural territory. We have established the power of thunderstorms over the Baikal region is lower. The daily variation in thunderstorm cells we obtained is consistent with the data from other works. There are no differences in other thunderstorm characteristics between the regions under study. This might be due to peculiarities of the analysis method. On the basis of the work performed, we propose sites for new points of our own lightning location network, as well as additional methods of cluster analysis.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Viana ◽  
César Silva ◽  
Melissa Zanatta ◽  
Bruno César Vani ◽  
Linnyer Ruiz

In global satellite navigation systems, a large volume of data is produced during the monitoring of radio waves propagated in the ionosphere. This monitoring is based on index calculations from data obtained continuously through receivers. This paper presents an investigation, using Big Data techniques, to explore the data obtained by the receivers, in order to identify the moment when the satellite signal can be obtained with better quality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Ivan Tkachev ◽  
Roman Vasilyev ◽  
Elena Belousova

Monitoring thunderstorm activity can help you solve many problems such as infrastructure facility protection, warning of hazardous phenomena associated with intense precipitation, study of conditions for the occurrence of thunderstorms and the degree of their influence on human activity, as well as the influence of thunderstorm activity on the formation of near-Earth space. We investigate the characteristics of thunderstorm cells by the method of cluster analysis. We take the Vereya-MR network data accumulated over a period from 2012 to 2018 as a basis. The Vereya-MR network considered in this paper is included in networks operating in the VLF-LF range (long and super-long radio waves). Reception points equipped with recording equipment, primary information processing systems, communication systems, precision time and positioning devices based on global satellite navigation systems are located throughout Russia. In the longitudinal-latitudinal thunderstorm distributions of interest, the dependence on the location of recording devices might be manifested. We compare the behavior of thunderstorms on the entire territory of the Russian Federation with those in the Baikal natural territory. We have established the power of thunderstorms over the Baikal region is lower. The daily variation in thunderstorm cells we obtained is consistent with the data from other works. There are no differences in other thunderstorm characteristics between the regions under study. This might be due to peculiarities of the analysis method. On the basis of the work performed, we propose sites for new points of our own lightning location network, as well as additional methods of cluster analysis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (15) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
A. A. Shpilka ◽  
A. Y. Myronchuk ◽  
A. O. Tkach ◽  
S. P. Overchuk ◽  
V. O. Katiuha ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Bagus Septyanto ◽  
Dian Nurdiana ◽  
Sitti Ahmiatri Saptari

In general, surface positioning using a global satellite navigation system (GNSS). Many satellites transmit radio signals to the surface of the earth and it was detected by receiver sensors into a function of position and time. Radio waves really bad when spreading in water. So, the underwater positioning uses acoustic wave. One type of underwater positioning is USBL. USBL is a positioning system based on measuring the distance and angle. Based on distance and angle, the position of the target in cartesian coordinates can be calculated. In practice, the effect of ship movement is one of the factors that determine the accuracy of the USBL system. Ship movements like a pitch, roll, and orientation that are not defined by the receiver could changes the position of the target in X, Y and Z coordinates. USBL calibration is performed to detect an error angle. USBL calibration is done by two methods. In USBL calibration Single Position obtained orientation correction value is 1.13 ̊ and a scale factor is 0.99025. For USBL Quadrant calibration, pitch correction values is -1.05, Roll -0.02 ̊, Orientation 6.82 ̊ and scale factor 0.9934 are obtained. The quadrant calibration results deccrease the level of error position to 0.276 - 0.289m at a depth of 89m and 0.432m - 0.644m at a depth of 76m


2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
E. G. Kharin ◽  
V. G. Maslennikov ◽  
N. B. Vavilova ◽  
I. A. Kopylov ◽  
A. Ch. Staroverov

Author(s):  
M. K. Savkin ◽  
A. R. Filatov

Nowadays majority of navigation methods, used in unmanned flying vehicles, are based on satellite navigation systems, such as GPS or GLONASS, or are amplified with them. But hardware, that uses such systems, can’t work in difficult conditions, for example causes by relief: with insufficient number of satellites or at low satellite signal. Satellite navigation systems are vulnerable for methods of radio defense: satellite signal can be deadened or replaced. That is why such systems usage is unacceptable while critical missions during military operations, emergency or reconnaissance. The article briefly describes components used for building alternative satellite-free navigation systems for flying vehicles. For each component its purpose and brief description of working principle are given, advantages and disadvantages are considered.


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