scholarly journals Randomized Trial Evaluation of Benefits and Risks of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Among Women Aged 50-59

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L Prentice ◽  
Aaron K Aragaki ◽  
Rowan T Chlebowski ◽  
Jacques E Rossouw ◽  
Garnet L Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Global Index ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Conjugated Equine Estrogens ◽  
Equine Estrogens

Abstract The health benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy among women aged 50-59 years are examined in the Women’s Health Initiative randomized, placebo-controlled trials using long-term follow-up data and a parsimonious statistical model that leverages data from older participants to increase precision. These trials enrolled 27,347 healthy post-menopausal women aged 50-79 at 40 U.S. clinical centers during 1993-1998, including 10,739 post-hysterectomy participants in a trial of conjugated equine estrogens, and 16,608 participants with uterus in the trial of these estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate. Over an 18-year (median) follow-up period (1993-2016) risk for a global index, defined as the earliest of coronary heart disease, invasive breast cancer, stroke, pulmonary embolism, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, hip fracture, and all-cause mortality, is reduced with conjugated equine estrogens with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.82 (0.71, 0.95), and with nominally significant reductions for coronary heart disease, breast cancer, hip fracture and all-cause mortality. Corresponding global index hazard ratio estimates of 1.06 (0.95, 1.19) were non-significant for combined estrogens plus progestin, but increased breast cancer risk and reduced endometrial cancer risk were observed. These results, among women 50-59, substantially agree with the worldwide observational literature, with the exception of breast cancer for estrogens alone.

Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Coronary Heart Disease: The Women???s Health Initiative

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Judith Hsia ◽  
Robert D. Langer ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson ◽  
Lewis Kuller ◽  
Karen C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Conjugated Equine Estrogens ◽  
Equine Estrogens

scholarly journals All-Cause Mortality up to and After Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Events in European Middle-Aged Men

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Majed ◽  
Michèle Montaye ◽  
Aline Wagner ◽  
Dominique Arveiler ◽  
Pierre Ducimetiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Study Country ◽  
Time Dependent Covariates

Background and Purpose— The aim was to investigate prospectively the all-cause mortality risk up to and after coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke events in European middle-aged men. Methods— The study population comprised 10 424 men 50 to 59 years of age recruited between 1991 and 1994 in France (N=7855) and Northern Ireland (N=2747) within the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction. Incident CHD and stroke events and deaths from all causes were prospectively registered during the 10-year follow-up. In Cox’s proportional hazards regression analysis, CHD and stroke events during follow-up were used as time-dependent covariates. Results— A total of 769 CHD and 132 stroke events were adjudicated, and 569 deaths up to and 66 after CHD or stroke occurred during follow-up. After adjustment for study country and cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratios of all-cause mortality were 1.58 (95% confidence interval 1.18–2.12) after CHD and 3.13 (95% confidence interval 1.98–4.92) after stroke. Conclusions— These findings support continuous efforts to promote both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Associations between elevated kidney and liver biomarker ratios, metabolic syndrome and all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality: analysis of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinkunle Oye-Somefun ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuk ◽  
Chris I. Ardern
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background We examined the relationship between ratios of select biomarkers of kidney and liver function on all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, both in isolation, and in combination with metabolic syndrome (MetS), among adults (20 + years, n = 10,604). Methods Data was derived from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016) including public-use linked mortality follow-up files through December 31, 2015. Results Select biomarker ratios of kidney (UACR or albuminuria and BUN-CR) and liver (AST-ALT and GGT-ALP) function in isolation and in combination with MetS were associated with all-cause and CHD mortality. Compared to individuals with neither elevated biomarker ratios nor MetS (HR = 1.00, referent), increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed in the following groups: MetS with elevated UACR (HR, 95% CI = 2.57, 1.99–3.33), MetS with elevated AST-ALT (HR = 2.22, 1.61–3.07), elevated UACR without MetS (HR = 2.12, 1.65–2.72), and elevated AST-ALT without MetS (HR = 1.71, 1.35–2.18); no other biomarker ratios were associated with all-cause mortality. For cause-specific deaths, elevated risk of CHD mortality was associated with MetS with elevated UACR (HR = 1.67, 1.05–2.67), MetS with elevated AST-ALT (HR = 2.80, 1.62–4.86), and elevated BUN-CR without MetS (HR = 2.12, 1.12–4.04); no other biomarker ratios were associated with CHD mortality. Conclusion Future longitudinal studies are necessary to examine the utility of these biomarker ratios in risk stratification for chronic disease management.

The association of low selenium and renal insufficiency with coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality: NHANES III follow-up study

2010 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Eaton ◽  
Abdul Rahman Abdul Baki ◽  
Molly E. Waring ◽  
Mary B. Roberts ◽  
Bing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Low Selenium
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