A - 20 Connectivity between Default Mode and Salience Networks is Associated with Decreased Attention and Inhibitory Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-660
Author(s):  
Morelli N ◽  
Johnson NF ◽  
Kaiser KA ◽  
Andreatta RD ◽  
Han DY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Objective To determine the association of default mode (DMN) and salience (SAL) network connectivity to executive function test performance. We hypothesized that intranetwork connectivity of the DMN and SAL would be uncorrelated to executive function, whereas increased internetwork connectivity would be associated with lower executive function. Methods Twelve physically active and healthy young adults (7 females, 5 males; age: 23.41 ± 2.74 years) were recruited for this study. Participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and three executive function tests administered through the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery. Demographically-corrected T-scores were calculated from the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (FICA), Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS), and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test (PCPS). The relationship between intra- and internetwork connectivity of the DMN and SAL networks and performance. Results Independently, the DMN and SAL networks demonstrated weak correlations to DCCS (SAL: r = 0.45, p = 0.14; DMN: r = 0.13, p = 0.69), FICA (SAL r = −0.10, p = 0.95; DMN: r = 0.31, p = 0.33), and PCPS (SAL r = 0.10, p = 0.79; DMN: r = 0.22, p = 0.50). However, connectivity between the SAL and DMN networks demonstrated a moderate correlation to FICA performance (r = −0.61, p = 0.02). Conclusions Greater connectivity between the DMN and SAL networks demonstrated the strongest association to attention and inhibitory control performance in physically active, young adults. This relationship suggests greater connectivity of task-negative networks to task-positive networks may interfere with ongoing processing of visuospatial attention and inhibition. Future studies should examine this relationship in athletes who sustain a head injury.

scholarly journals Association Between Weight Status and Executive Function in Young Adults

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Narimani ◽  
Samad Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Liane B. Azevedo ◽  
Akbar Moradi ◽  
Behrouz Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance

Background and objectives: To explore the association between weight status and executive function in young adults. Materials and Methods: Ninety-seven young males (age 17–26 years) underwent adiposity and body composition measurements using body composition analyzer. Inhibitory control and working memory were measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB). Results: Multiple linear regression using both unadjusted and adjusted analyses revealed no association between adiposity and body composition variables with executive tasks, apart from a significant association between skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and mean reaction time on go trial (standardized B = -0.28; p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that underweight participants presented inferior working memory compared to their normal weight (p = 0.001) or overweight peers (p = 0.008). However, according to the percentage fat quartiles (Q) participants with the highest quartile (Q4) were inferior in inhibitory control than their peers with Q2 (p = 0.04), and participants with the lowest quartile (Q1) were inferior in working memory compared with their peers with Q2 (p = 0.01) or Q3 (p = 0.02). A worse inhibitory control was observed for participants with the highest fat/SMM (Q4) compared to participants in Q3 (p = 0.03), and in contrast worse working memory was observed for participants with the lowest fat/SMM (Q1) compared to participants in Q2 (p = 0.04) or Q3 (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Low adiposity is associated with worse working memory, whereas high adiposity is associated with worse inhibitory control. Therefore, our findings show that normal adiposity, but greater SMM may have a positive impact on executive function in young adults.

Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult Version in Patients with Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Conditions: Symptom Levels and Relationship to Emotional Distress

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Løvstad ◽  
S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
S. Andersson ◽  
V.A. Grane ◽  
T. Moberget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectives:The present study explored the level of self-and informant reported executive functioning in daily living using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) in a large sample comprising healthy adults and patient cohorts with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. The relationship to neuropsychological test performance and self-reported emotional distress was explored, as well as the applicability of U.S. normative data.Methods:Scores on the self- and informant reported BRIEF-A are presented, along with scores on standardized cognitive tests, and on rating scales of self-reported emotional distress in a Norwegian healthy comparison group (n=115), patients with severe traumatic brain injury (n=125), focal frontal lobe damage (n=29), focal cerebellar lesion (n=24), Parkinson’s disease (n=42), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n=34), type II bipolar disorder (n=21), and borderline personality disorder (n=18).Results:Strong associations were observed between the BRIEF-A and emotional distress in both the healthy group and in neurological groups, while no or weak relationships with IQ and performance-based tests of executive function were seen. The relationship between BRIEF-A and emotional distress was weaker in the neuropsychiatric patient groups, despite high symptom load in both domains. Healthy participants tended to have BRIEF-A scores 1/2–3/4SDbelow the U.S. normative mean ofTscore=50.Conclusions:The study demonstrates the need to interpret BRIEF-A results within a broad differential diagnostic context, where measures of psychological distress are included in addition to neuropsychological tests. Uncertainty about the appropriateness of U.S. normative data in non-U.S. countries adds to the need for interpretive caution. (JINS, 2016,22, 682–694)

scholarly journals Weight‐Related Differences in Salience, Default Mode, and Executive Function Network Connectivity in Adolescents

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1438-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Borowitz ◽  
Sonja Yokum ◽  
Elizabeth R. Duval ◽  
Ashley N. Gearhardt
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Function Network

scholarly journals Personality Traits, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Regulation in Physically Active and Sedentary Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepcion Padilla ◽  
Pilar Andres
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Cardiovascular Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Previous research has established a link between exercise and executive functions. However, how personality, motivation, and self-regulation can influence this association have been little investigated. Studies investigating in these aspects have shown that physically active individuals are more extrovert, conscientious and open to new experiences than sedentary individuals. Those who are sedentary tend to show more neuroticism and less self-regulation. In this chapter, the literature exploring these aspects is reviewed. In addition, a study to examine the impact of these factors in physically active and sedentary young adults is presented. The Big Five Inventory, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, the Achievement Motivation scales, and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire were administered to evaluate personality, motivation, and self-regulation. The results revealed that active participants significantly differed from sedentary participants in terms of personality showing higher emotional stability, extraversion, and openness to experiences, in addition to greater inhibitory control (self-regulation). Associations between better control of emotions and impulses and cognitive control were also explored, finding a significant correlation between them. Some guidance is included to help health providers to design physical activity programs to promote cardiovascular exercise in populations with high levels of inactivity.

Development of the updating executive function: From 7-year-olds to young adults.

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Carriedo ◽  
Antonio Corral ◽  
Pedro R. Montoro ◽  
Laura Herrero ◽  
Mercedes Rucián
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function

Increased Default Mode Network Connectivity Following EEG Neurofeedback in PTSD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Kluetsch ◽  
Tomas Ros ◽  
Jean Theberge ◽  
Paul Frewen ◽  
Christian Schmahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Eeg Neurofeedback

Performance Differences Between Native and Non-Native Speakers on a New Happy–Sad Executive Function Measure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boji P W Lam ◽  
Zenzi M Griffin ◽  
Thomas P Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Test Administration ◽  
Happy Face ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Function Measure

Abstract Objective The happy–sad task adapts the classic day–night task by incorporating two early acquired emotional concepts (“happy” and “sad”) and demonstrates elevated inhibitory demands for native speakers. The task holds promise as a new executive function measure for assessing inhibitory control across the lifespan, but no studies have examined the influence of language of test administration on performance. Method Seventy adult native English speakers and 50 non-native speakers completed the computerized day–night and the new happy–sad tasks administered in English. In two conditions, participants were categorized pictorial stimuli either in a congruent manner (“happy” for a happy face) or in a more challenging, incongruent manner (“sad” for a happy face). Lexical decision performance was obtained to estimate levels of English language proficiency. Results Native speakers and non-native speakers performed comparably except for the critical incongruent condition of the happy–sad task, where native speakers responded more slowly. A greater congruency effect for the happy–sad task was found for native than for non-native speakers. Lexical decision performance was associated with performance on the challenging incongruent conditions. Conclusion This study reinforced the usefulness of the happy–sad task as a new measure in evaluating inhibitory control in adult native-speakers. However, the language of test administration needs to be considered in assessment because it may lead to performance differences between native and non-native speakers.

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