scholarly journals B-66 The Effect of Bilingualism on Boston Naming Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1014
Author(s):  
D Lopez Hernandez ◽  
J Knight ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
R Rugh-Fraser ◽  
A Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Naming Test

Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a lexical-retrieval task. It has been documented that those with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have reduced performance on the BNT. Bilingualism is also known to impact BNT performances. We examined the relationship of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performances. Method The sample (N = 95) consisted of 36 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 17 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. All participants passed performance validity testing. A 3X2 ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performance. Results A main effect was found for group (i.e., control, 6 month TBI, and 12 month TBI), p < .001, ηp² = .21. Pairwise comparisons revealed that acute TBI participants performed worse than the control and chronic TBI groups. A main effect for bilingualism/ monolingualism was found, p < .001, ηp² = .14; monolinguals performed better on the BNT. No interactions were found between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism. Conclusions BNT performance improves overtime in TBI and the pattern of improvement post-TBI is not statistically different between bilingual/monolingual groups. Relative to monolinguals, bilingual participants demonstrated worse BNT performance.

scholarly journals B-69 The Effect of Bilingualism on Symbol Digit Modalities Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1017
Author(s):  
R Rugh-Fraser ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
W Lopez Hernandez ◽  
J Knight ◽  
A Arzuyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Cognitive Speed

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors exhibit cognitive deficits. Language factors can also influence neurocognitive performance. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on a test of attention and cognitive speed (i.e., Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT). Method The sample (N = 98) consisted of 37 controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 34 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 22 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury; chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and language on SDMT written and oral performance. Results A main effect was found between groups (control and TBI groups) on SDMT written, p < .001, ηp² = .19 and SDMT oral p < .001, ηp² = .16. Pairwise comparisons revealed a difference between the control group and TBI groups, with TBI groups performing worse. A main effect for bilingualism/monolingualism was not found; interaction effects emerged between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on SDMT written, p < .05, ηp² = .07 and SDMT oral p < .05, ηp² = .07. Conclusion TBI groups performed worse than controls on the SDMT. Relative to monolinguals with TBI, our findings suggest better cognitive recovery of verbal attention and cognitive speed in bilingual TBI participants.

scholarly journals B-68 The Effect of Bilingualism on Stroop Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016-1016
Author(s):  
J Knight ◽  
A Arzuyan ◽  
W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
R Cervante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neurocognition. Speaking multiple languages can also influence cognitive test performances. We examined the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on a task of attention and response inhibition (Stroop Color Word Test; SCWT). Method The sample (N = 96) consisted of 37 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. The SCWT included the word (SCWT-W), color (SCWT-C), and color-word interference (SCWT-I) conditions. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to examine the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on SCWT performances. Results Group effects (control and TBI groups) were found for all Stroop measures. We found main effects of TBI on SCWT-W, p = .013, ηp² = .09, SCWT-C, p = .001, ηp² = .14, and SCWT-I, p = .022, ηp² = .08, with the controls outperforming acute TBI survivors on SCWT-I, chronic TBI survivors on SCWT-W, and both TBI groups on SCWT-C. We also observed main effects of language for SCWT-C, p = .012, ηp² = .07, and SCWT-I, p = .003, ηp² = .09, with the monolinguals outperforming bilinguals on SCWT-C and SCWT-I. However, no significant interactions between TBI and language were found. Conclusion As expected, the control group outperformed TBI survivors on the SCWT. Monolinguals outperformed bilinguals on all Stroop measures except SCWT-W condition. Our findings seem to suggest that monolingual speakers may have better attention and response inhibition abilities that resulted in better SCWT performance.

scholarly journals B-67 The Effect of Bilingualism on Executive Functioning Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015
Author(s):  
R Cervantes ◽  
W Lopez Hernandez ◽  
J Knight ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
A Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Performance Validity Testing ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often exhibit problems with executive function (EF). Language use can also impact EF test performances. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on several EF tests. Method The sample (N = 94) consisted of 37 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 30 acute TBI participants (10 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. Stroop Color-Word (SCW), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Letter Fluency (DKEFS-LF), Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) and a EF global composite (EF-GC) were used to assess EF. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on EF performances. Results Main effects were found between groups (control and TBI groups) on SCW, p = .046, ηp² = .07, TMT-B, p = .042, ηp² = .07, and EF-GC, p = .005, ηp² = .13; the 6-month TBI group performed worse than controls on TMT-B and EF-GC. Main effects were found for bilingualism/ monolingualism on SCW, p = .012, ηp² = .07, and TMT-B, p = .034, ηp² = .05; monolingual participants performed better than bilingual participants. No significant interactions between TBI and language were found. Conclusion The TBI group underperformed on SCW, TMT-B, and EF-GC compared to controls; relative to monolinguals, bilinguals underperformed on the SCW and TMT-B only. In conclusion, our findings seem to suggest that monolinguals have better cognitive flexibility compared to bilinguals that result in better EF performances.

A-125 The Impact of Bilingualism on Symbol Digit Modalities Test Performance Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1175
Author(s):  
Raelynn Munoz ◽  
Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
Rachel A Rugh-Fraser ◽  
Jasman Sidhu ◽  
Pavel Y Litvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors exhibit cognitive deficits. Research suggests that multilingualism can influence neurocognitive performance. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on a test of attention and cognitive speed (i.e., Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT). Method The sample consisted of 55 healthy comparison (27 Spanish-English bilinguals; 28 English-monolinguals), 34 acute TBI (14 Spanish-English bilinguals; 23 English-monolinguals), and 27 chronic TBI (13 Spanish-English bilinguals; 12 English-monolinguals) participants. Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury; chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. A series of 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and language on SDMT written and oral performance. Results ANOVAs revealed the healthy comparison group outperformed both TBI groups on SDMT written, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.21. Also, the healthy comparison and chronic TBI groups outperformed the acute TBI group on SDMT oral, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.13. Interaction effects emerged between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism. On SDMT written and oral, acute TBI English-monolinguals outperformed acute TBI Spanish-English bilinguals; meanwhile, chronic TBI Spanish-English bilinguals outperformed chronic TBI English-monolinguals, p &lt; 0.05, ηp2 = 0.09–0.10. Conclusion The acute TBI group performed worse than healthy comparison adults on both SDMT tasks. Furthermore, the chronic TBI group demonstrated better SDMT oral abilities compared to the acute TBI group. Relative to monolinguals with TBI, our findings suggest better cognitive recovery of attention and cognitive speed in bilingual TBI participants. Future studies with larger sample sizes should examine if learning English first or second impacts Spanish-English bilingual TBI survivors’ SDMT performance compared to English-monolingual TBI survivors.

scholarly journals A-109 Anxiety Influences Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Comparison Adult Bilinguals Stroop Color Word Test Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-902
Author(s):  
Torres E ◽  
Lopez-Hernandez D ◽  
Litvin P ◽  
Cervantes R ◽  
Rugh-Fraser R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

Abstract Objective We evaluated symptoms of anxiety (via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS, HADS-A) on Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT) performances in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors, as compared to healthy comparison participants (HC). Method The sample consisted of 40 acute TBI survivors [ATBI; 30 normal symptoms of anxiety (NSA); 10 abnormal symptoms of anxiety (ASA)], 30 chronic TBI survivors (CTBI; 16 NSA; 14 ASA), and 50 HC’s (28 NSA; 22 ASA). All participants passed performance validity testing. The SCWT included the word (SCWT-W), color (SCWT-C), and color-word (SCWT-CW) conditions. A series of ANOVAs were used to evaluate SCWT performances. Results ANOVA revealed a main effect group on the SCWT-C, p = .011, and SCWT-CW, p = .018, with HC’s outperforming the ATBI group. Furthermore, HC outperformed both TBI groups on the SCWT-W, p = .004. We also found that the ASA outperformed the NSA group on the SCWT-W, p = .036. No interactions emerged between group and anxiety. Conclusion The HC group outperformed both TBI groups on the SCWT-W, but only the ATBI group on SCWT-C and SCWT-CW. Furthermore, we found that there were only differences between the anxiety groups on the SCWT-W. Our findings highlight that anxiety impacts HC and TBI groups differently on the SCWT.

scholarly journals A-246 Comparing Boston Naming Test Short Forms in a Rehabilitation Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1041
Author(s):  
Zimmerman D ◽  
Attridge J ◽  
Rolin S ◽  
Davis J
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
Naming Test

Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) has several short forms do not include the noose item. These short forms have been mainly examined in dementia populations. This study compared BNT short forms with standard administration (BNT-S) in physical medicine and rehabilitation patients. Method Participants (N = 480) completed the BNT in an outpatient evaluation. The sample was 34% female and 91% white with average age and education of 46 (SD = 15) and 14 (SD = 3) years, respectively. Diagnoses included traumatic brain injury (62%), mixed neurologic conditions (21%), and stroke (17%). Five 15-item short forms were calculated: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD-15); Lansing; and Mack 1, 2, and 4 (Mack-15.1, −15.2). Three 30-item short forms were calculated: Mack A, Saxon A, and BNT odd items. Short forms and BNT-S were compared with Spearman correlations. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for all forms. Impaired BNT scores were determined using norm-referenced scores (T &lt; 36). Area under the curve (AUC) values were compared across short forms with impaired BNT as criterion. Results BNT-S showed strong correlations with 30-item (rho = .92–.93) and 15-item short forms (rho = .80–.87) except for CERAD-15 (rho = .69). Internal consistency was acceptable for 15-item (alpha = .72–.80) and 30-item short forms (alpha = .85–.86). BNT was impaired in 17% of participants. AUC values were not significantly different in 15-item (AUC = .83–.89) and 30-item (AUC = .91–.92) groups. CERAD-15 (.83), Mack-15.1 (.87), and Mack-15.2 (.87) AUC values were significantly lower than 30-item short form AUC values. Conclusion BNT 30-item and 15-item short forms showed outstanding and excellent classification accuracy, respectively. BNT short forms warrant further study in rehabilitation settings.

scholarly journals B-70 The Effect of Bilingualism on Trail Making Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1018
Author(s):  
P Litvin ◽  
R Rugh-Fraser ◽  
W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
J Knight ◽  
R Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a number of cognitive deficits. Language factors also impact neurocognitive performance. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on a test of attention and executive functioning (Trail Making Test; TMT). Method The sample (N = 96) consisted of 36 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 17 monolingual), 34 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 21 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on TMT part A and B. Results Main effects were found between groups (i.e., control and TBI groups) on TMT A, p < .001, ηp² = .17 and TMT B, p < .05, ηp² = .09. Pairwise comparisons revealed a difference only between the control group and the 6-month TBI group, with the latter performing worse. Main effects were found for bilingualism/monolingualism on TMT A, p < .05, ηp² = .04 and TMT B, p < .05, ηp² = .05; monolingual participants performed better than bilingual participants. No interactions emerged. Conclusion Relative to monolinguals, bilingual participants demonstrated worse attention and executive functioning performances 6 months post-TBI; however, 12 months post-TBI, the difference was negligible.

A-100 Examining Spanish-English Bilingual Boston Naming Test Norms in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1148
Author(s):  
Abril Baez ◽  
Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
Winter Olmos ◽  
Rachel A Rough-Fraser ◽  
Kristina E Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Language Differences ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Naming Test

Abstract Objective We examined two established Spanish-English bilingual norms to assess if traumatic brain injury (TBI) deficits were still found if language was no longer a variable influencing Boston Naming Test (BNT) performance. Method The sample consisted of 47 healthy comparison (HC; 24 English-Monolinguals; 23 Spanish-English Bilinguals), 33 acute TBI (ATBI; 20 English-Monolinguals; 13 Spanish-English Bilinguals), and 25 Chronic TBI (CTBI: 13 English-Monolinguals; 12 Spanish-English Bilinguals) participants. Raw scores and adjusted demographic T-scores (Roberts et al., 2002; Rosselli et al., 1997) were used to evaluate BNT performance. Results An ANCOVA controlling for age, revealed the HC group outperformed the TBI group on the BNT (raw score), p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.11. We also found monolinguals outperformed bilinguals on the BNT, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.24. Using the Roberts et al., (2002) norms, we found the HC group outperformed the TBI group, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.11, but no language differences were found. Next, using Rosselli et al., (1997) norms, we found the HC group outperformed the TBI group on the BNT, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.11, and monolingual speakers outperformed bilingual speakers, p = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.06. No interactions were found. Conclusions As expected, the TBI group demonstrated worse BNT performance compared to HC group on both language norms. However, when using Roberts et al., (2002) Spanish-English bilingual norms, no language group differences were found. Our data indicates that when examining BNT performance in a Spanish-English bilingual and English-monolingual TBI sample, Roberts et al., (2002) normative data may be better suited to evaluate BNT deficits in a TBI while taking language into account.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Exacerbates Emotional Complaints but not Cognitive Impairments in Individuals Suffering from Postconcussional Disorder after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Schroeder ◽  
Ronald M. Ruff ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Composite Scale

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on (a) neuropsychological test performance and (b) self-reported emotional complaints within individuals suffering from postconcussional disorder (PCD) after a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). A two-group comparative research design was employed. Two MTBI samples with and without PTSD were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery and the Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory (RNBI). On the neurocognitive test performances no significant between group differences were found, but the MTBI group with PTSD endorsed a significantly greater number of emotional complaints, especially in the RNBI subscales of anxiety and depression. The patients with PTSD also endorsed a significantly greater number of premorbid sequelae in the RNBI emotional composite scale as well as the RNBI premorbid subscales of pain, anxiety and abuse. In sum, PTSD has a negative impact on emotional but not cognitive functioning within individuals suffering from PCD after a mild TBI.

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