scholarly journals Inflammation and reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro M Velez ◽  
Marcus Seldin ◽  
Alicia B Motta
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory State

Abstract Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrinopathies, affecting 5–10% of women of reproductive age, and is characterized by the presence of ovarian cysts, oligo, or anovulation, and clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism [1]. Metabolic abnormalities such as hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular complications, dyslipidemia, and obesity are frequently present in PCOS women [1]. Several key pathogenic pathways overlap between these metabolic abnormalities, notably chronic inflammation. The observation that this mechanism was shared led to the hypothesis that a chronic inflammatory state could contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS [2]. Moreover, while physiological inflammation is an essential feature of reproductive events such as ovulation, menstruation, implantation, and labour at term [3], the establishment of chronic inflammation may be a pivotal feature of the observed reproductive dysfunctions in PCOS women [2]. Taken together, the present work aims to review the available evidence about inflammatory mediators and related mechanisms in women with PCOS, with an emphasis on reproductive function.

scholarly journals Chronic Low Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of PCOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3789
Author(s):  
Ewa Rudnicka ◽  
Katarzyna Suchta ◽  
Monika Grymowicz ◽  
Anna Calik-Ksepka ◽  
Katarzyna Smolarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory State

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a one of the most common endocrine disorders, with a prevalence rate of 5–10% in reproductive aged women. It’s characterized by (1) chronic anovulation, (2) biochemical and/or clinical hyperandrogenism, and (3) polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS has significant clinical implications and can lead to health problems related to the accumulation of adipose tissue, such as obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. There is also evidence that PCOS patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure. Several studies have reported the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and low-grade chronic inflammation. According to known data, inflammatory markers or their gene markers are higher in PCOS patients. Correlations have been found between increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), white blood cell count (WBC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) in the PCOS women compared with age- and BMI-matched controls. Women with PCOS present also elevated levels of AGEs and increased RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) expression. This chronic inflammatory state is aggravating by obesity and hyperinsulinemia. There are studies describing mutual impact of hyperinsulinemia and obesity, hyperandrogenism, and inflammatory state. Endothelial cell dysfunction may be also triggered by inflammatory cytokines. Many factors involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombosis were proposed as cardiovascular risk markers showing the endothelial cell damage in PCOS. Those markers include asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-I), PAI-I activity, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) etc. It was also proposed that the uterine hyperinflammatory state in polycystic ovary syndrome may be responsible for significant pregnancy complications ranging from miscarriage to placental insufficiency. In this review, we discuss the most importance evidence concerning the role of the process of chronic inflammation in pathogenesis of PCOS.

scholarly journals Analysis of the informativeness of melatonin evaluation in polycystic ovary syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Andreeva ◽  
Yulia Absatarova ◽  
Ekaterina Sheremetyeva ◽  
Dmitriy Derkatch ◽  
Tatiana Ponomareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Pcos Group

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Recently, the role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of this syndrome became widely discussed among the scientists, because there is an evidence of its impact on the reproductive function and maturation of oocytes.Aim. To study a informativeness of melatonin determination and its relationship with sleep disorders in PCOS.Materials and methods. The study involved 120 women aged 17–35 years: 60 patients with PCOS and 60 women without this disorder as controls. The level of melatonin in the blood, saliva and its metabolite in urine – 6 sulfatoximelatonin were analyzed. To identify sleep disorders survey was conducted using a questionnaire scoring subjective sleep characteristics.Results. Sleep disorders based on subjective scoring profiles sleep characteristics were identified in PCOS group (up to 70% of patients) regardless of BMI. The level of 6-sulfatoximelatonin in urine, nocturnal melatonin levels in saliva (at 3:00 AM) and melatonin in the blood were significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared with the control group regardless of BMI. The level of melatonin in follicular fluid was lower in patients with PCOS. There was a significant correlation of melatonin levels in the blood and the degree of sleep disorders according to the questionnaire scoring subjective sleep characteristics, the level of melatonin in saliva at 3:00 AM and a 6-sulfatoximelatonin in daily urine (p = 0.046).Conclusions. PCOS is polyetiology disease, and an important role in the formation and progression in which plays melatonin. Correlation of levels of this hormone in different body fluids suggests its systemic action and direct involvement in the regulation of reproductive function.  

scholarly journals The Role of Antiobesity Agents in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Chatzis ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos ◽  
Georgios C. Pratilas ◽  
Vasileios Makris ◽  
Alexandros Sotiriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Antiobesity Agents ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Obesity is frequently present in these patients and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of both the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities of the syndrome, particularly infertility, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR). Diet and exercise is the mainstay of management of obesity in patients with PCOS. In contrast, the eff ects of antiobesity agents on weight and on the obesityrelated characteristics of the syndrome remain unclear. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current data on the eff ects of antiobesity drugs approved in Europe (orlistat, liraglutide 3 mg od and naltrexone/bupropion) on weight loss in patients with PCOS and to discuss their impact on the endocrine, reproductive and metabolic abnormalities of this population. Several studies reported that orlistat induces weight loss, improves IR and reduces androgen levels in PCOS. In contrast, data regarding the eff ects of the dose of liraglutide that is approved for the treatment of obesity (3 mg od) are very limited. Liraglutide 1.2-1.8 mg od results in weight loss in these patients but does not aff ect IR or androgen levels. Finally, there are no studies that evaluated naltrexone/bupropion in patients with PCOS and early studies reported conflicting results regarding the eff ects of naltrexone monotherapy on weight, IR and androgen levels. In conclusion, orlistat appears to have a role in the management of overweight and obese patients with PCOS whereas more studies are needed to clarify the role of liraglutide and naltrexone/bupropion.

scholarly journals Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Obesity and Reproductive Implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of female infertility, affecting 5–10% of women of reproductive age. The syndrome is characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Furthermore, PCOS is associated with insulin resistance and obesity, which is present in approximately 50% of women with PCOS. Reproductive function in women with PCOS is strongly dependent on bodyweight and metabolic status. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of infertility and may also have a negative influence on pregnancy outcome. Considering the worldwide epidemic of obesity, clinical problems relating to PCOS may worsen and increase in frequency. Lifestyle interventions resulting in weight loss comprise the most successful strategy to improve symptoms of PCOS. However, many patients fail to lose weight or may quickly regain weight. It is an important challenge to develop effective lifestyle programs and adjuvant pharmacologic treatments in order to improve reproductive and metabolic health among women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Adipokines in reproductive function: a link between obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. R21-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwang Chen ◽  
Xiao Jia ◽  
Jie Qiao ◽  
Youfei Guan ◽  
Jihong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy associated with infertility and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Dysfunction of adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Increasing evidence shows that the dysregulated expression of adipokines, the secreted products of adipose tissue, plays an important role in the pathology of PCOS. Here, we review the role of several identified adipokines that may act as a link between obesity and PCOS. PCOS also reciprocally influences the profile of adipokines. Insight into the underlying mechanisms will help better understand the pathology of PCOS and identify new therapeutic targets of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Pentraxin 3 – a potential link between inflammation, obesity and cardiovascular complications in polycystic ovary syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 634-641
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gruszka ◽  
Katarzyna Wyskida ◽  
Jerzy Chudek ◽  
Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pentraxin 3 ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ptx3 Level ◽  
Potential Link

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequently diagnosed endocrine disorder among women in reproductive age. Metabolic disturbances in PCOS include among others increased incidence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, pre-thrombotic state, hypertension, sleep apnea, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Adipose tissue disturbances, including inflammation, were shown to play an important role in the development of both endocrine and metabolic disturbances, accelerating the progression of arteriosclerosis, which leads to premature cardiovascular disease development in PCOS. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) seems to be one of the factors linking obesity and cardiovascular complications observed in PCOS. PTX3 belongs to a family of long pentraxin proteins. It primarily plays a role in acute immunological response; however, some data suggests that it may also be involved in oocyte maturation. In contrast to the short pentraxin, C-reactive protein, which is primarily produced in the liver, PTX3 is produced locally in the site of the inflammation by several types of cells, for example, adipose tissue during development of inflammation. Increased PTX3 expression was found in visceral fat tissue in obese subjects, and was shown to be under TNF-α control. PTX3 expression has not been tested in PCOS women, yet. Up to now there are only 5 studies investigating PTX3 in PCOS. Only in one study PTX3 level in PCOS women was increased compared to the control groups, in two other studies – decreased, and in two – similar. Also, the association between PTX3, PCOS and obesity remains uncertain. Further research, including ones with a greater number of subjects, especially obese and older women, are necessary to assess the role of PTX3 as a potential link between the inflammation, obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome.

scholarly journals Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Effect and Mechanisms of Acupuncture for Ovulation Induction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Johansson ◽  
Elisabet Stener-Victorin
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, is characterized by the coexistence of hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries (PCO). PCOS also represents the largest part of female oligoovulatory infertility, and the management of ovulatory and menstrual dysfunction, comprises a third of the high costs of PCOS treatment. Current pharmacological and surgical treatments for reproductive symptoms are effective, however, associated with negative side effects, such as cardiovascular complications and multiple pregnancies. For menstrual irregularities and ovulation induction in women with PCOS, acupuncture has indicated beneficial effects. This review will focus on the results from randomized controlled acupuncture trials for regulation of menstrual dysfunction and for inducing ovulation in women with PCOS although there are uncontrolled trials with nonetheless interesting results. Animal experimental studies will be further discussed when they can provide a more mechanistic explanatory view.

IMPACT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF WOMEN IN EARLY REPRODUCTIVE AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 087
Author(s):  
L. V. Pakharenko ◽  
I. T. Kyshakevych ◽  
V. D. Vorobii
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome and probiotics: a natural approach to an inflammatory disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Schiattarella ◽  
Gaetano Riemma ◽  
Marco La Verde ◽  
Gianluigi Franci ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
New Evidence

: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects about 15% of women of reproductive age and is correlated with infertility, insulin resistance, and obesity. The etiology of PCOS is multifactorial and genetic, endocrine, and metabolic causes were involved. New evidence suggests a link between microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and the development of PCOS. Moreover, an imbalance in the gut microbial community could be a possible factor for the onset of insulin resistance and obesity. Hyperandrogenism, a key feature of PCOS, could also play a critical role in shaping the microbiome community. Probiotics could modify the gut microbiota and serve as a potential treatment for PCOS. Here we disclose the association between PCOS and intestinal microbiota and the possible role of probiotics as a new treatment approach.

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