scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy and Variability of Converting Nitrate in Beetroot Juice to Plasma Nitrite

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
Gary Miller ◽  
Summer Collins
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Abstract Objectives Acute consumption of beetroot juice has cardiovascular benefits and improves exercise performance. Beetroot juice contains high concentrations of dietary nitrate (NO3−). Consumed NO3− is absorbed and reduced to nitrite (NO2−) through an enterosalivary pathway by oral facultative anaerobic bacteria. The absorbed NO2− is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) by a nitric oxide synthase independent pathway. Due to the heterogeneous efficiency of converting NO3− to NO2−, if beetroot juice is to be used to improve health, it is necessary to understand the variability and efficacy of long-term beetroot juice supplementation on converting dietary NO3− to plasma NO2−. Methods Healthy nonsmoking adults (mean age = 56.0 5.1 years) were randomized to consume beetroot juice daily with either 400 mg NO3− (BRJ+; n = 6; 4 females) or without NO3− (Placebo; n = 7; 6 females) for 12 weeks. They were instructed to refrain from consuming high nitrate containing foods and avoid using mouthwash for the study duration. At baseline prior to randomization, plasma levels of NO3−and NO2− were measured following an overnight fast before (pre) and 90 minutes after (post) consuming a 400 mg dose of BRJ+ to calculate % change [(post-pre)/pre * 100]. % change in plasma NO3− and NO2− was measured at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12. Results At baseline, 1 out of 13 participants was defined as a non-responder (< 100% increase in %change of plasma NO2− after a NO3− dose). Weekly group means of %change in plasma NO2− for BRJ + varied from 400% at week 1 to 140% at week 12. Week-to-week individual variation in % change of plasma NO2− for BRJ + ranged from a 7.4% decrease to a 1324% increase. The BRJ + group had significantly greater nitrate and nitrite variability (P < 0.05) compared to placebo. As expected, % change for plasma NO3− (P < 0.001) and NO2− (P = 0.001) was greater for the BRJ + vs. placebo at all post-randomization time points. Conclusions Long-term consumption of NO3− containing beetroot juice increased plasma NO2− throughout the 12 week study. However, the large variability in response between individuals and across time needs further investigation to understand factors that influence this variability. Funding Sources Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University.

Long-term adaptation of breast tumor cell lines to high concentrations of nitric oxide

Tumor Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Vesper ◽  
Kim M. Elseth ◽  
Gabor Tarjan ◽  
G. Kenneth Haines ◽  
James A. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Tumor Cell ◽  
High Concentrations

Is beetroot juice more effective than sodium nitrate? The effects of equimolar nitrate dosages of nitrate-rich beetroot juice and sodium nitrate on oxygen consumption during exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Leonie Flueck ◽  
Anna Bogdanova ◽  
Samuel Mettler ◽  
Claudio Perret
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Dietary nitrate has been reported to lower oxygen consumption in moderate- and severe-intensity exercise. To date, it is unproven that sodium nitrate (NaNO3−; NIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) have the same effects on oxygen consumption, blood pressure, and plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations or not. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different dosages of NIT and BR on oxygen consumption in male athletes. Twelve healthy, well-trained men (median [minimum; maximum]; peak oxygen consumption: 59.4 mL·min−1·kg−1 [40.5; 67.0]) performed 7 trials on different days, ingesting different nitrate dosages and placebo (PLC). Dosages were 3, 6, and 12 mmol nitrate as concentrated BR or NIT dissolved in plain water. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured before, 3 h after ingestion, and postexercise. Participants cycled for 5 min at moderate intensity and further 8 min at severe intensity. End-exercise oxygen consumption at moderate intensity was not significantly different between the 7 trials (p = 0.08). At severe-intensity exercise, end-exercise oxygen consumption was ∼4% lower in the 6-mmol BR trial compared with the 6-mmol NIT (p = 0.003) trial as well as compared with PLC (p = 0.010). Plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations were significantly increased after the ingestion of BR and NIT with the highest concentrations in the 12-mmol trials. Plasma nitrite concentration between NIT and BR did not significantly differ in the 6-mmol (p = 0.27) and in the 12-mmol (p = 0.75) trials. In conclusion, BR might reduce oxygen consumption to a greater extent compared with NIT.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOMODULATORS ON NON-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE (II) IN THE ORGANISM OF CALVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
L.A. Tukhvatullina ◽  
◽  
R.G. Karimova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serum Lysozyme ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article presents data on the dynamics of bactericidal activity of blood serum against St. aureus and E. coli, and the lysozyme activity of calf blood serum against Micrococcus lisodeicticus, as well as nitrate and nitrite anions when immunomodulators are administered. It has been established that administration of «Fosprenil» increases bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, whereas, Imunophane increases nonspecific resistance without affecting lysozyme activity. Nitric oxide (II) has been shown to be directly involved in the mechanism of non-specific immunity. At the same time, the stimulation of serum lysozyme activity requires nitric oxide (II) formation in high concentrations (above 50 µmol/l).

Soil quality and microbiology in response to fertilizations in a paddy-upland rotation with multiple crops and frequent tillage

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Danmei Chen ◽  
Yuqi Duan ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
Yuhong Yang ◽  
Ling Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

AbstractBoth short- and long-term effects of fertilizers on crops and soils are often studied only in arid or paddy soils, whereas less is known about the long-term effects in paddy-upland rotations, particularly with multiple crops and frequent tillage in subtropical areas. Therefore, an 18-year field experiment was initialized to assess the effects of different types of fertilization (no fertilizer; chemical fertilizer (CF); and manure in combination with CF (MCF)) on yield and soil chemical and microbial properties in a crop rotation involving rice (Oryza sativa L., summer), rapeseed (Brassica campestris L., winter), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., the following summer), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth, the following winter). MCF caused higher yields of rapeseed grains and tobacco leaves than CF after 3 or 4 years of implementing the experiment, while rice yields varied little between MCF and CF, with one exception in 2011. Compared with the initial soil properties, providing soil with MCF increased organic matter (OM), while the opposite trend was found with CF. Higher microbial biomasses, enzyme activities, bacterial operational taxonomic units, and richness and diversity indexes of bacterial communities were found in soils receiving MCF, implying the improvement of soil microbial properties in the paddy-upland rotation system with multiple crops and frequent tillage. The experimental soils under varying fertilization were dominated by four bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and unclassified groups), which accounted for approximately 70% of the 16S rDNA sequences. Among the top 20 predominant bacteria, 14 were commonly found in all soil samples irrespective of which fertilizer treatment was implemented. Thus, the presence of those bacteria was stable in the soil and to some extent was influenced by fertilization. Most of them were facultative anaerobic bacteria, which can adapt to both anaerobic paddy soil and aerobic drylands. The dominant bacteria at various taxonomic levels found in soils might reflect multiple soil processes such as OM turnover, nutrient cycling, physical structure formation, and xenobiotic detoxification.

Retroperitoneal Abscesses in Seven Dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Marvel ◽  
Catriona M. MacPhail
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Historical Examination ◽  
Prolonged Antibiotic Therapy

Retroperitoneal abscesses, although uncommon, are clinically important. Medical records of seven dogs with naturally occurring retroperitoneal infections from 1999 to 2011 were reviewed to document historical, examination, clinicopathologic, imaging, and surgical findings; etiologic agents; and outcome. Middle-aged sporting dogs were most commonly affected. Dogs were febrile with evidence of either abdominal or lumbar pain. Although traditional radiography can aid in diagnosis, ultrasound appeared to be a more sensitive indicator of disease within the retroperitoneal space. Numerous bacteria were isolated from the abscesses, with anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria being the most commonly isolated. Etiology was largely unknown, but migrating plant material was often suspected. Resolution of the infection required surgical intervention as well as prolonged antibiotic therapy. Although recurrence is possible, outcome can be favorable with no long-term sequela.

scholarly journals Dietary nitrate restores compensatory vasodilation and exercise capacity in response to a compromise in oxygen delivery in the noncompensator phenotype

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Bentley ◽  
Jeremy J. Walsh ◽  
Patrick J. Drouin ◽  
Aleksandra Velickovic ◽  
Sarah J. Kitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

Recently, dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to improve exercise capacity in healthy individuals through a potential nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. Nitric oxide has been shown to play an important role in compensatory vasodilation during exercise under hypoperfusion. Previously, we established that certain individuals lack a vasodilation response when perfusion pressure reductions compromise exercising muscle blood flow. Whether this lack of compensatory vasodilation in healthy, young individuals can be restored with dietary nitrate supplementation is unknown. Six healthy (21 ± 2 yr), recreationally active men completed a rhythmic forearm exercise. During steady-state exercise, the exercising arm was rapidly transitioned from an uncompromised (below heart) to a compromised (above heart) position, resulting in a reduction in local pressure of −31 ± 1 mmHg. Exercise was completed following 5 days of nitrate-rich (70 ml, 0.4 g nitrate) and nitrate-depleted (70 ml, ~0 g nitrate) beetroot juice consumption. Forearm blood flow (in milliliters per minute; brachial artery Doppler and echo ultrasound), mean arterial blood pressure (in millimeters of mercury; finger photoplethysmography), exercising forearm venous effluent (ante-cubital vein catheter), and plasma nitrite concentrations (chemiluminescence) revealed two distinct vasodilatory responses: nitrate supplementation increased (plasma nitrite) compared with placebo (245 ± 60 vs. 39 ± 9 nmol/l; P < 0.001), and compensatory vasodilation was present following nitrate supplementation (568 ± 117 vs. 714 ± 139 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 100 mmHg−1; P = 0.005) but not in placebo (687 ± 166 vs. 697 ± 171 min−1 ⋅ 100 mmHg−1; P = 0.42). As such, peak exercise capacity was reduced to a lesser degree (−4 ± 39 vs. −39 ± 27 N; P = 0.01). In conclusion, dietary nitrate supplementation during a perfusion pressure challenge is an effective means of restoring exercise capacity and enabling compensatory vasodilation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previously, we identified young, healthy persons who suffer compromised exercise tolerance when exercising muscle perfusion pressure is reduced as a result of a lack of compensatory vasodilation. The ability of nitrate supplementation to restore compensatory vasodilation in such noncompensators is unknown. We demonstrated that beetroot juice supplementation led to compensatory vasodilation and restored perfusion and exercise capacity. Elevated plasma nitrite is an effective intervention for correcting the absence of compensatory vasodilation in the noncompensator phenotype.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Nitrate and Nitrite Following Beetroot Juice Drink Consumption

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Emily Margaret Jakubcik ◽  
Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick ◽  
Marsanne Chabert ◽  
Marie Wong ◽  
Ajmol Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Bioactive Molecule ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Background: Nitrate (NO3−)-rich beetroot (BR) juice supplementation has been shown to improve cardiovascular function via reduction to nitrite (NO2−) and then to the bioactive molecule nitric oxide (NO). However, limited research exists for the role of inorganic NO2− that is contained naturally within BR. Objective: As BR juice can naturally contain both NO3− and NO2− the objective of this study was to evaluate the individual effects of NO3− and NO2− consumed from BR on plasma [NO3−]/[NO2−] and their subsequent effects on various cardiovascular measures. Design: In four separate treatments, 11 healthy adults consumed 250 mL of BR containing one of the following: (i) high NO3−, low NO2− (HL; 572 mg NO3−, 32 mg NO2−); (ii) medium NO3−, medium NO2− (MM; 280 mg NO3−, 237 mg NO2−); (iii) low NO3−, medium NO2− (LM; 43 mg NO3−, 262 mg NO2−); (iv) placebo (PL; low NO3−, low NO2−: 8 mg NO3−, 5.8 mg NO2−). Plasma [NO3−]/[NO2−], blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output and stroke volume were measured at baseline and every hour or second hour for 6 h post-BR consumption. Outcomes: Ingestion of the HL and MM BR increased plasma [NO2−] and [NO3−] after 2 h, with both remaining elevated after 6 h (p < 0.05). LM increased plasma [NO3−] (p < 0.05) but did not increase plasma [NO2−] compared to PL (p = 0.177). MAP was lower following the consumption of HL at 4 h and LM at 6 h (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Inorganic NO3− consumption is the critical factor in elevating plasma [NO3−] and [NO2−]; however, both NO2− and NO3− show potential to reduce MAP. The known reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) following NO3− supplementation was not observed, making it unclear if NO2− contributes to a reduction in SBP/DBP alongside NO3−.

Anticancer Effects & Comparative Study of Thymoquinone, Cordyceps, Spirulina, Ganoderma Lucidium, Poria Cocos, and Lion’s Mane on Human Nasal Cancer Cells (RPMI-2650)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
سعيد مزعل موازي ◽  
يحيى فائق حسين ◽  
عبد المنعم دولاني ◽  
سيف يوسف عبدالله السويدي
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Poria Cocos ◽  
Nasal Cancer ◽  
Antineoplastic Effect ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Recently, many studies have been conducted to discover or improve cancers treatment. The current study aims to investigate the anticancer effect of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane in four different concentrations 4, 8, 16, and 32 ug (equivalent to 1 mg/mL) in two different time treatments (48 and 96 hours) on human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650. By using cell culture cytotoxicity techniques and assay, the highest anticancer effect on RPMI 2650 was obtained by thymoquinone. The lowest anticancer effect was demonstrated by poria cocos and cordyceps. However, these two medications showed higher anticancer effect when given in short-term treatment (48 hours) compared to long-term treatment (96 hours). Ganoderma lucidium and spirulina showed better impact than poria cocos, cordyceps, and lion’s mane in term of cells cytotoxicity. Mild to moderate antineoplastic effect was seen by utilizing lion’s mane treatment compared other drugs. Therefore, adopting a long-term treatment of high concentrations and doses of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane can be more effective in the treatment of nasal cancer. In conclusion, these drugs were found to be a promising cancer remedy; therefore, they can be utilized as alternative treatment for nasal cancer or any other type of cancer therapy.

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