scholarly journals Stroke survivors personal efficacy beliefs and outcomes expectations of tai chi exercise: a qualitative descriptive study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Taylor-Piliae ◽  
H Dolan ◽  
A Yako
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Personal Efficacy ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Laurence B. Emmons Research Award Background Strokes are a leading cause of serious long-term disability, often compounded by post-stroke depression. Prior Tai Chi research conducted among stroke survivors has focused mainly on physical functioning yet understanding the potential benefits and challenges of participating in Tai Chi exercise during stroke recovery is limited. Social Cognitive Theory and Complex Systems Biology provided the theoretical framework to examine stroke survivors’ personal efficacy beliefs, behaviour (Tai Chi intervention), and outcome expectations (Figure 1). Purpose To describe community-dwelling stroke survivors’ experiences of being in an 8-week Tai Chi intervention, including any benefits or challenges they had, and allow the participants to offer any suggestions for improving how the Tai Chi classes were structured. Methods A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with focus group interview data collected from stroke survivors after participation in a Tai Chi intervention. Due to COVID-19, the focus group interview was conducted via on-line video conferencing. The interview was audio-recorded, then transcribed using an online transcription service. Content analysis of the de-identified transcript was conducted using online analysis software with a priori codes based on the theoretical framework, and inductive codes that were added during the analysis process. The transcript was coded independently by two researchers and discussed until consensus was reached. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were followed to ensure trustworthiness of the data. Results Community-dwelling stroke survivors (n = 7) participating in the focus group interviews were on average 68 years old, mainly retired (71%, n = 5), married women (57%, n = 4) with >13 years education (86%, n = 6), reporting depression symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression = 15.9 ± 9.6) with 43% (n = 3) taking anti-depressant medications. The major findings are summarized according to three major themes: Personal Efficacy Beliefs, Tai Chi Intervention Active Ingredients and Outcome Expectations. Personal Efficacy Beliefs centered on the participants’ ability to do the Tai Chi movements. The Tai Chi Intervention Active Ingredients experienced during the classes were evident, apart from ‘natural freer breathing’ which was not discussed or described. Outcome Expectations centered on the physical, mental, and social benefits experienced, challenges encountered, and suggestions for improving the Tai Chi classes. Conclusion Social Cognitive Theory underscored stroke survivors’ personal efficacy beliefs, behaviour, and outcome expectations. While Complex Systems Biology highlighted the active ingredients of Tai Chi intervention they experienced. Participation in the 8-week Tai Chi intervention led to perceived holistic (physical, mental, social) benefits post-stroke.

scholarly journals Stroke Survivors’ Personal Efficacy Beliefs and Outcome Expectations of Tai Chi Exercise: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13001
Author(s):  
Ruth Taylor-Piliae ◽  
Hanne Dolan ◽  
Aodet Yako
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Personal Efficacy ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise

Prior qualitative research conducted among stroke survivors to explore the potential benefits and challenges of participating in tai chi exercise during stroke recovery is limited to those without depression. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Social Cognitive Theory and Complex Systems Biology provided the theoretical framework, with focus group interview data collected from stroke survivors after participation in a tai chi intervention. Due to COVID-19, the focus group interview was conducted via online video conferencing. Content analysis of the de-identified transcript was conducted with a-priori codes based on the theoretical framework and inductive codes that were added during the analysis process. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were followed to ensure trustworthiness of the data. Community-dwelling stroke survivors (n = 7) participating in the focus group interviews were on average 68 years old, mainly retired (71%, n = 5), married women (57%, n = 4) with >13 years education (86%, n = 6). The three major themes were: personal efficacy beliefs, tai chi intervention active ingredients, and outcome expectations. Social Cognitive Theory underscored stroke survivors’ personal efficacy beliefs, behavior, and outcome expectations, while Complex Systems Biology highlighted the active ingredients of the tai chi intervention they experienced. Participation in the 8-week tai chi intervention led to perceived physical, mental, and social benefits post stroke.

scholarly journals Changes in symptoms, sleep, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers among community-dwelling stroke survivors after a tai chi exercise intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Taylor-Piliae ◽  
H Morrison ◽  
C-H Hsu ◽  
M Grandner
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Conventional Care ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Laurence B. Emmons Research Award Background Depression is prevalent among one-third to two-thirds of stroke survivors. Despite the availability of pharmacotherapies and/or psychotherapies, depression persists, even 5-10 years post-stroke, reflecting limited treatment responses and/or adherence to this conventional care. Mind-body interventions are commonly used among adults to ameliorate depressive symptoms, thus we investigated the feasibility of Tai Chi, alongside conventional care, to manage post-stroke depression. Purpose Describe changes in symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, sleep, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers post-intervention among community-dwelling stroke survivors with depressive symptoms. Methods In this feasibility study, a single-group pre-post intervention design was used. Due to COVID-19, participants attended a 1-hour Tai Chi exercise class three times per week for 8 weeks, instead of the planned 12-weeks. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using standardized questionnaires (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, CESD; Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment; Perceived Stress Scale), objective sleep was assessed via a research-grade triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT9X), and blood samples were taken to assess oxidative stress (plasma superoxide dismutase, SOD)  and inflammatory markers (serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10). Pre-post intervention changes were assessed using paired t-tests. Results Community-dwelling stroke survivors (N = 11) on average 69.7 ± 9.3 years old, mainly retired (73%, n = 8), married men (55%, n = 6) with >13 years education (91%, n = 10), reporting depression symptoms (CESD = 17.3 ± 11.4) and 55% taking anti-depressant medications, enrolled. The majority of participants reported having an ischemic stroke (82%, n = 9) with hemiparesis (55%, n = 6), but were able to walk 15 feet without assistance (91%, n = 10). After the Tai Chi intervention, we observed significant reductions in symptoms of depression (-5.3 ± 5.9, p = 0.01), anxiety (-2.2 ± 2.4, p = 0.01) and stress (-4.6 ± 4.8, p = 0.01); along with better sleep efficiency (+1.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.01), less wakefulness after sleep onset (-9.3 ± 11.6, p = 0.04), and less time awake (-9.3 ± 11.6, p = 0.04). In addition, there was a 36% decrease in SOD activity (p = 0.02) indicative of a decreased oxidative environment post-intervention; though no significant changes in any of the inflammatory markers were found (all p-values >0.05). Conclusion Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were observed in these community-dwelling stroke survivors along with sub-optimal sleep. Among community-dwelling stroke survivors, Tai Chi exercise is a feasible intervention that can be used alongside conventional care to manage post-stroke depression and may also aid in reducing symptoms of anxiety and stress, and improve sleep.  Further research is needed with rigorous study designs and larger samples, before widespread recommendations can be made.

The Sources and Maintenance of Professional Golfers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gio Valiante ◽  
David B. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Mastery Experiences ◽  
Professional Golfers ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to explore the self-efficacy beliefs of male professional golfers (N = 12). Three themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of interview responses. First, enactive mastery experiences were the most powerful source of self-efficacy. Second, golfers maintained high self-efficacy over time by recalling prior success, strategically framing experiences, and enlisting supportive verbal persuasions from themselves and from others. Finally, self-efficacy influenced professional golfers’ thought patterns, outcome expectations, and emotional states. Findings support and refine the theoretical tenets of Bandura’s social cognitive theory.

scholarly journals PILOT OUTCOMES OF A COMMUNITY-BASED FALLS PREVENTION PROGRAM TARGETING OLDER ARAB AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S868-S868
Author(s):  
Lan Yao ◽  
Suha Kridli ◽  
Amne Talab
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Community Center ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise

Abstract Arab American (AA) is the 3rd largest ethnic population in the state of Michigan. Previous studies found that Michigan Arabs were less healthy than the general population in Michigan. Older AAs have higher mortality risk than non-Arab and non-Hispanic Whites, particularly due to chronic diseases. Community-based programs are an effective approach to prevent disease and injury, improve health, and enhance quality of life. While evidence for functional gains resulting from Tai Chi exercise is accumulating, there is little research and support for its feasibility and effectiveness that target older AAs, who are not culturally related to Tai Chi. Participants in this report were 8 older female AAs (mean age 62.4±3.2, range 58-66) who sought services at a not-for-profit Arab Community Center, which aims to enable and empower residents and communities to lead informed, productive and culturally sensitive lives. A certified Tai Chi instructor led the classes using Yang-style Tai Chi moves. The participants completed a 12-week twice-weekly 1-hour Tai Chi classes and post-program focus group discussion, held in a classroom of the Community Center. Post-intervention improvement in timed up & go test (p>.05), comfortable & fast gait speed (p>.05), unipedal stance time (p>.05) were observed. Themes identified from focus group supported Tai Chi’s benefits in balance and salient mental health benefits. The pilot data provides preliminary evidence for therapeutic gains resulting from Tai Chi practices. Agencies serving older AAs play important roles by creating and promoting evidence-based health promotion practices to address the growing needs among older adults.

Abstract P428: Effects of Tai Chi on Physical Function and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E Taylor-Piliae ◽  
Tiffany M Hoke ◽  
Joseph T Hepworth ◽  
L. Daniel Latt ◽  
Bijan Najafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Fall Rates

Background: Poor physical function and quality of life are ubiquitous post-stroke. Effective interventions to improve physical function and quality of life for stroke survivors are critically needed. Objective: Examine the effect of a Tai Chi (TC) intervention on physical function and quality of life. Methods: In a single-blind randomized clinical trial community-dwelling stroke survivors, aged ≥ 50 years and ≥ 3 months post-stroke, were assigned to: Yang style 24-posture TC (n=53), SilverSneakers® (SS, n=44) strength and range of movement exercise, or Usual Care (UC, n=48) for 12 weeks. TC and SS attended a 1-hour class 3 times/week, while UC had weekly phone calls. Standardized measures for Physical Function were the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Fall Rates and 2-Minute StepTest; and for Quality of Life were the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: A total of 145 stroke survivors (47% women, mean age=70 years, time post-stroke=3 years, ischemic stroke=66%, hemiparesis=73%) enrolled. During the intervention, TC participants had 2/3 fewer falls (n=5 falls), than the SS (n=14 falls) and UC (n=15 falls) groups (χ2=5.60, p=0.06). All groups had improvements in the SPPB score (F 1,142 =85.29, p<0.01), after the 12-week intervention. Post-hoc tests following a significant interaction for the 2-Minute StepTest (F 2,142 =4.69, p<0.01) indicated TC (t 53 =2.45, p=0.02) and SS (t 44 =4.63, p<0.01) groups had significantly better aerobic endurance over time, though the UC group did not (t 48 =1.58, p=0.12). All groups reported better perceived physical (SF-36 PCS, F 1,142 =4.15, p=0.04) and mental health (SF-36 MCS, F 1,142 =15.60, p<0.01), after the intervention. There were no significant within group changes in perceived physical health (p>0.05), while significant improvements in perceived mental health (p < 0.05) were observed within all groups. No significant changes in depressive symptoms or sleep quality were observed (p>0.05). Attrition was 10% (n=14), and intervention adherence rates were 85%. Conclusions: Goals of stroke rehabilitation are to prevent disability, improve physical function and quality of life. TC and SS led to improved aerobic endurance, and both are suitable community-based programs that may aid in stroke recovery and community reintegration. Our data suggest that a 12-week TC intervention may be more effective in reducing fall rates than SS or UC. Future studies examining the effectiveness of TC to reduce fall rates; and improve physical function and quality of life for community-dwelling stroke survivors are recommended.

scholarly journals Impacts of tai chi exercise on functional fitness in community-dwelling older adults with mild degenerative knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yin Chen ◽  
Chen-Yi Song ◽  
Hsin-Yen Yen ◽  
Pi-Chu Lin ◽  
Su-Ru Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) often leads to pain and stiffness of the affected joints, which may affect the physical performance and decrease the quality of life of people with degenerative knee OA. Compared to traditional exercise, tai chi is a safe exercise with slow movements which can facilitate physical functioning and psychological well being, and might be suitable for improving the physical activities of older adults with knee OA. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts of tai chi exercise on the functional fitness of community-dwelling older adults with degenerative knee OA. Methods Sixty-eight community-dwelling older adults with knee OA were recruited from the local community to participate in this randomized controlled clinical trial. All subjects were randomly assigned to either an TCE group that practiced tai chi exercise (TCE) (n = 36) or a control group (CON) (n = 32) that received regular health education programs twice per week for 12 weeks. Outcome measurements were determined using functional fitness tests before and after the intervention, including a 30-s chair stand (number of repeats), 30-s arm-curl (number of repeats), 2-min step (number of steps), chair sit-and-reach (reaching distance, cm), back-scratch flexibility (distance between hands, cm), single-leg stand (time, s), functional reach (reaching distance, cm), 8-foot up-and-go (time, s), and 10-m walk tests (time, s). Pre-post comparisons of functional fitness were analyzed using the ANCOVA test with SPSS software version 18.0. Results Results revealed that participants’ functional fitness in the TCE group had significantly higher adjusted mean post-tests scores than that in the CON group after the intervention, including the 8-foot up-and-go (s) (mean difference [MD]=-2.92 [-3.93, -1.91], p = 2.39*10− 7), 30-s arm curl (MD = 4.75 (2.76, 6.73), p = 1.11*10− 5), 2-min step (MD = 36.94 [23.53, 50.36], p = 7.08*10− 7), 30-s chair stand (MD = 4.66 [2.97, 6.36], p = 6.96*10− 7), functional-reach (MD = 5.86 [3.52, 8.20], p = 4.72*10− 6), single-leg stand with eyes closed (MD = 3.44 [1.92, 4.97], p = 2.74*10− 5), chair sit-and-reach (MD = 3.93 [1.72, 6.15], p = 0.001), and single-leg stand with eyes opened (MD = 17.07 [6.29, 27.85], p = 0.002), with large effect sizes (η²=0.14 ~ 0.34). Conclusions Community-dwelling older adults with knee OA in the TCE group had better functional fitness performances after the 12-week tai chi intervention than those receiving only health education.

scholarly journals The Experiences of Family Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Dementia in Providing Daily Oral Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 805-805
Author(s):  
Abby Hellem ◽  
Kexin Zhou ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Jirakate Madiloggovit ◽  
Jennifer Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Outcome Expectation

Abstract Individuals with dementia increasingly rely on caregivers for daily oral care over time. This study explored the experience of family caregivers of community-dwelling individuals with dementia in providing oral care and their interest in caregiver oral education using the concepts of Social Cognitive Theory. Twenty-three caregivers ages 19-80 participated in a semi-structured qualitative interview that also included a structured questionnaire. Majority of caregivers were female (83%) with an average age of 56 years; 29% were spouses. Fifty-four percent of care recipients had natural teeth only, 42% had teeth and dentures, and 4% had dentures only. Caregivers were generally knowledgeable about the importance of oral health, but some expressed a lack of knowledge in how to perform oral care for others. Caregivers reported high levels of outcome expectation, agreeing that providing oral care would improve care recipient’s oral health. Caregivers expressed mixed levels of self-efficacy; many cited reduced self-efficacy due to resistance or refusal of care. Quantitative data showed that higher confidence in knowledge and oral care skills was associated with greater confidence in providing oral care (r=0.726, p&lt;0.001). Intent to participate in a caregiver oral health education program was associated with positive outcome expectations (r=0.73, p=0.007) and desire to learn the signs and symptoms of mouth pain and infection (r=0.72, p=0.009). Increasing family caregiver’s oral health knowledge and skills, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy to provide care may help improve the oral health of persons with dementia. Additional qualitative and quantitative data and implications for practice will be presented.

Abstract WP509: Stroke Survivors’ Perceptions of Well-Being and Recovery After a Tai Chi Exercise Intervention

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E Taylor-Piliae ◽  
Melinda A Zeimantz ◽  
Anne G Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Tai Chi ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise
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