scholarly journals Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA from Papua New Guinea.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Stoneking ◽  
L B Jorde ◽  
K Bhatia ◽  
A C Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Restriction Maps ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mtdna Variation

Abstract High resolution mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction maps, consisting of an average of 370 sites per mtDNA map, were constructed for 119 people from 25 localities in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Comparison of these PNG restriction maps to published maps from Australian, Caucasian, Asian and African mtDNAs reveals that PNG has the lowest amount of mtDNA variation, and that PNG mtDNA lineages originated from Southeast Asia. The statistical significance of geographic structuring of populations with respect to mtDNA was assessed by comparing observed GST values to a distribution of GST values generated by random resampling of the data. These analyses show that there is significant structuring of mtDNA variation among worldwide populations, between highland and coastal PNG populations, and even between two highland PNG populations located approximately 200 km apart. However, coastal PNG populations are essentially panmictic, despite being spread over several hundred kilometers. Highland PNG populations also have more mtDNA variability and more mtDNA types represented per founding lineage than coastal PNG populations. All of these observations are consistent with a more ancient, restricted origin of highland PNG populations, internal isolation of highland PNG populations from one another and from coastal populations, and more recent and extensive population movements through coastal PNG. An apparent linguistic effect on PNG mtDNA variation disappeared when geography was taken into account. The high resolution technique for examining mtDNA variation, coupled with extensive geographic sampling within a single defined area, leads to an enhanced understanding of the influence of geography on mtDNA variation in human populations.

scholarly journals Individual and contextual factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in Papua New Guinea: insights from a nationwide demographic and health survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽  
Louis Kobina Dadzie ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background This study sought to assess the individual and contextual factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in Papua New Guinea. Methods The study was conducted among 14 653 women aged 15–49 y using data from the 2016–2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome variable was barriers to accessing healthcare. Descriptive and multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results Women aged 15–19 y were more likely to experience at least one barrier compared with those aged 40–49 y (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.48; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.86). Women with secondary/higher education (AOR=0.68; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.81), women in the richest wealth quintile (AOR=0.36; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.46) and those in the least disadvantaged socioeconomic status (AOR=0.46; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.64) had lower odds of having challenges with at least one barrier to healthcare. However, living in rural areas increased the odds of facing at least one barrier to healthcare (AOR=1.87; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.77). Conclusions This study has demonstrated that both individual and contextual factors are associated with barriers to healthcare accessibility among women in Papua New Guinea. To enhance the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals 3.1, 3.7 and 3.8, it is critical to deem these factors necessary and reinforce prevailing policies to tackle barriers to accessing healthcare among women in Papua New Guinea.

scholarly journals Human impacts and Anthropocene environmental change at Lake Kutubu, a Ramsar wetland in Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2022216118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsie E. Long ◽  
Larissa Schneider ◽  
Simon E. Connor ◽  
Niamh Shulmeister ◽  
Janet Finn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Wetland Management ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ramsar Wetland

The impacts of human-induced environmental change that characterize the Anthropocene are not felt equally across the globe. In the tropics, the potential for the sudden collapse of ecosystems in response to multiple interacting pressures has been of increasing concern in ecological and conservation research. The tropical ecosystems of Papua New Guinea are areas of diverse rainforest flora and fauna, inhabited by human populations that are equally diverse, both culturally and linguistically. These people and the ecosystems they rely on are being put under increasing pressure from mineral resource extraction, population growth, land clearing, invasive species, and novel pollutants. This study details the last ∼90 y of impacts on ecosystem dynamics in one of the most biologically diverse, yet poorly understood, tropical wetland ecosystems of the region. The lake is listed as a Ramsar wetland of international importance, yet, since initial European contact in the 1930s and the opening of mineral resource extraction facilities in the 1990s, there has been a dramatic increase in deforestation and an influx of people to the area. Using multiproxy paleoenvironmental records from lake sediments, we show how these anthropogenic impacts have transformed Lake Kutubu. The recent collapse of algal communities represents an ecological tipping point that is likely to have ongoing repercussions for this important wetland’s ecosystems. We argue that the incorporation of an adequate historical perspective into models for wetland management and conservation is critical in understanding how to mitigate the impacts of ecological catastrophes such as biodiversity loss.

Tree kangaroo molecular systematics based on partial cytochrome b sequences: are Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) and Goodfellow's tree kangaroo (D. goodfellowi buergersi) sister taxa?

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. McGreevy ◽  
Lisa Dabek ◽  
Thomas P. Husband
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Identification Of Species

New Guinea tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus spp.) are unique arboreal macropodid marsupials mainly listed as critically endangered or endangered. The molecular systematics of Dendrolagus has not been fully resolved and is critical for the accurate identification of species and their evolutionary relationships. Matschie’s tree kangaroo (D. matschiei) and Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo (D. goodfellowi buergersi) share numerous morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits. We analysed the partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene for D. matschiei (n = 67), D. g. buergersi (n = 8), D. goodfellowi unidentified ssp. (n = 8), golden-mantled tree kangaroo (D. g. pulcherrimus; n = 1), and two additional New Guinea Dendrolagus taxa to determine whether D. matschiei and D. g. buergersi are sister taxa. D. matschiei and D. g. buergersi were not placed as sister taxa in our phylogenetic analyses; however, we were unable to analyse a known sample from a D. g. goodfellowi. We found initial genetic evidence that D. matschiei and the Lowland tree kangaroo (D. spadix) are sister taxa – they may have diverged after the formation of the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea. Our results also support the elevation of D. g. pulcherrimus to a full species. An improved understanding of Dendrolagus molecular systematics will contribute substantially to their conservation.

scholarly journals Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Kayser ◽  
Silke Brauer ◽  
Gunter Weiss ◽  
Wulf Schiefenhövel ◽  
Peter Underhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Dna Diversity

scholarly journals Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial DNA sequences in subdivided populations and implications for early human evolution.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Marjoram ◽  
P Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Multimodal Distributions ◽  
Subdivided Populations ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Pairwise Differences ◽  
Mutation Mechanisms

Abstract We consider the effect on the distribution of pairwise differences between mitochondrial DNA sequences of the incorporation into the underlying population genetics model of two particular effects that seem realistic for human populations. The first is that the population size was roughly constant before growing to its current level. The second is that the population is geographically subdivided rather than panmictic. In each case these features tend to encourage multimodal distributions of pairwise differences, in contrast to existing, unimodal datasets. We argue that population genetics models currently used to analyze such data may thus fail to reflect important features of human mitochondrial DNA evolution. These may include selection on the mitochondrial genome, more realistic mutation mechanisms, or special population or migration dynamics. Particularly in view of the variability inherent in the single available human mitochondrial genealogy, it is argued that until these effects are better understood, inferences from such data should be rather cautious.

Omniops gen. n. and two new species of Hydrophilini from Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 494 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. PERKINS ◽  
A. E.Z. SHORT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Two New Species

Omniops gen. n. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilini: Acidocerina) is described for two new species from Papua New Guinea: Omniops fasciatus sp. n. and O. hanseni sp. n. This genus is distinguished from other genera of Hydrophilidae by having the eyes divided into dorsal and ventral portions by an extension of the frons, and by having a row of dense long setae on the labrum. The tribal placement of the new genus and that of Quadriops Hansen are discussed. High resolution digital images are given for each holotype (online versions in color).

scholarly journals Human genetics of the Kula Ring: Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA variation in the Massim of Papua New Guinea

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1393-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mannis van Oven ◽  
Silke Brauer ◽  
Ying Choi ◽  
Joe Ensing ◽  
Wulf Schiefenhövel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Dna Variation

scholarly journals High Resolution Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Sheds Light on Human Diversity, Cultural Interactions and Population Mobility in Northwestern Amazonia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Arias ◽  
Chiara Barbieri ◽  
Guillermo Barreto ◽  
Mark Stoneking ◽  
Brigitte Pakendorf
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Pristine Area ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTObjectivesNorthwestern Amazonia (NWA) is a center of high linguistic and cultural diversity. Several language families and linguistic isolates occur in this region, as well as different subsistence patterns: some groups are foragers while others are agriculturalists. In addition, speakers of Eastern Tukanoan languages are known for practicing linguistic exogamy, a marriage system in which partners must come from different language groups. In this study, we use high resolution mitochondrial DNA sequencing to investigate the impact of this linguistic and cultural diversity on the genetic relationships and structure of NWA groups.MethodsWe collected saliva samples from individuals representing 40 different NWA ethnolinguistic groups and sequenced 439 complete mitochondrial genomes to an average coverage of 1030x.ResultsThe mtDNA data revealed that NWA populations have high genetic diversity with extensive sharing of haplotypes among groups. Moreover, groups who practice linguistic exogamy have higher mtDNA diversity, while the foraging Nukak have lower diversity. We also find that rivers play a more important role than either geography or language affiliation in structuring the genetic relationships of populations.DiscussionContrary to the view of NWA as a pristine area inhabited by small human populations living in isolation, our data support a view of high diversity and contact among different ethnolinguistic groups; movement along rivers has probably facilitated this contact. Additionally, we provide evidence for the impact of cultural practices, such as linguistic exogamy, on patterns of genetic variation. Overall, this study provides new data and insights into a remote and little-studied region of the world.

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