scholarly journals Long-lived humans have a unique plasma sphingolipidome

Author(s):  
Irene Pradas ◽  
Mariona Jové ◽  
Kevin Huynh ◽  
Marta Ingles ◽  
Consuelo Borras ◽  
...  

Abstract A species-specific lipidome profile is an inherent feature linked to longevity in the animal kingdom. However, there is a lack of lipidomic studies on human longevity. Here we use mass spectrometry based lipidomics to detect and quantify 151 sphingolipid molecular species and use these to define a phenotype of healthy humans with exceptional lifespan. Our results demonstrate that this profile specifically comprises a higher content of complex glycosphingolipids (hexosylceramides and gangliosides), and lower levels of ceramide species from the de novo pathway, sphingomyelin and sulfatide; while for ceramide-derived signaling compounds, their content remains unchanged. Our findings suggest that structural glycosphingolipids may be more relevant to achieve the centenarian condition than signaling sphingolipids.

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1278-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Chang SUN ◽  
Ji-Yang ZHANG ◽  
Hui LIU ◽  
Wei ZHANG ◽  
Chang-Ming XU ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 1521-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Sorokin ◽  
Vsevolod Shurkhay ◽  
Stanislav Pekov ◽  
Evgeny Zhvansky ◽  
Daniil Ivanov ◽  
...  

Cells metabolism alteration is the new hallmark of cancer, as well as an important method for carcinogenesis investigation. It is well known that the malignant cells switch to aerobic glycolysis pathway occurring also in healthy proliferating cells. Recently, it was shown that in malignant cells de novo synthesis of the intracellular fatty acid replaces dietary fatty acids which change the lipid composition of cancer cells noticeably. These alterations in energy metabolism and structural lipid production explain the high proliferation rate of malignant tissues. However, metabolic reprogramming affects not only lipid metabolism but many of the metabolic pathways in the cell. 2-hydroxyglutarate was considered as cancer cell biomarker and its presence is associated with oxidative stress influencing the mitochondria functions. Among the variety of metabolite detection methods, mass spectrometry stands out as the most effective method for simultaneous identification and quantification of the metabolites. As the metabolic reprogramming is tightly connected with epigenetics and signaling modifications, the evaluation of metabolite alterations in cells is a promising approach to investigate the carcinogenesis which is necessary for improving current diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic capabilities. In this paper, we overview recent studies on metabolic alteration and oncometabolites, especially concerning brain cancer and mass spectrometry approaches which are now in use for the investigation of the metabolic pathway.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Sazia Kunvar ◽  
Sylwia Czarnomska ◽  
Cino Pertoldi ◽  
Małgorzata Tokarska

The European bison is a non-model organism; thus, most of its genetic and genomic analyses have been performed using cattle-specific resources, such as BovineSNP50 BeadChip or Illumina Bovine 800 K HD Bead Chip. The problem with non-specific tools is the potential loss of evolutionary diversified information (ascertainment bias) and species-specific markers. Here, we have used a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach for genotyping 256 samples from the European bison population in Bialowieza Forest (Poland) and performed an analysis using two integrated pipelines of the STACKS software: one is de novo (without reference genome) and the other is a reference pipeline (with reference genome). Moreover, we used a reference pipeline with two different genomes, i.e., Bos taurus and European bison. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is a useful tool for SNP genotyping in non-model organisms due to its cost effectiveness. Our results support GBS with a reference pipeline without PCR duplicates as a powerful approach for studying the population structure and genotyping data of non-model organisms. We found more polymorphic markers in the reference pipeline in comparison to the de novo pipeline. The decreased number of SNPs from the de novo pipeline could be due to the extremely low level of heterozygosity in European bison. It has been confirmed that all the de novo/Bos taurus and Bos taurus reference pipeline obtained SNPs were unique and not included in 800 K BovineHD BeadChip.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Marshall ◽  
Cole Mathis ◽  
Emma Carrick ◽  
Graham Keenan ◽  
Geoffrey J. T. Cooper ◽  
...  

AbstractThe search for alien life is hard because we do not know what signatures are unique to life. We show why complex molecules found in high abundance are universal biosignatures and demonstrate the first intrinsic experimentally tractable measure of molecular complexity, called the molecular assembly index (MA). To do this we calculate the complexity of several million molecules and validate that their complexity can be experimentally determined by mass spectrometry. This approach allows us to identify molecular biosignatures from a set of diverse samples from around the world, outer space, and the laboratory, demonstrating it is possible to build a life detection experiment based on MA that could be deployed to extraterrestrial locations, and used as a complexity scale to quantify constraints needed to direct prebiotically plausible processes in the laboratory. Such an approach is vital for finding life elsewhere in the universe or creating de-novo life in the lab.


Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Hasegawa ◽  
Nozomi Kanazawa ◽  
Hideaki Sawai ◽  
Shinji Komori ◽  
Koji Koyama

The zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix surrounding mammalian oocytes, is composed of three or four glycoproteins. It is well known that the zona pellucida plays several critical roles during fertilization, but there is little knowledge about its formation. The purpose of this study is to examine whether a pig zona pellucida glycoprotein 2 (pZP2) would assemble with mouse zona pellucida. A transgene construct was prepared by placing a minigene encoding pZP2 downstream from the promoter of mouse ZP2. The result showed that the transgenic protein was synthesized in growing oocytes but not incorporated into the zona pellucida. Furthermore, the pZP2 transgene did not rescue the phenotype in ZP2-knockout zona-deficient mice. These results indicate that pZP2 does not participate in mouse zona pellucida formation and the zona pellucida is constituted from its component proteins in a molecular species-specific manner between mice and pigs.


1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Rüstow ◽  
Y Nakagawa ◽  
H Rabe ◽  
K Waku ◽  
D Kunze

1. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is a minor component of lung surfactant which may be able to replace the functionally important phosphatidylglycerol (PG) [Beppu, Clements & Goerke (1983) J. Appl. Physiol. 55, 496-502] without disturbing lung function. The dipalmitoyl species is one of the main species for both PI (14.4%) and PG (16.9%). Besides the C16:0--C16:0 species, the C16:0--C18:0, C16:0--C18:1, C16:0--C18:2 and C18:0--C18:1 species showed comparable proportions in the PG and PI fractions. These similarities of the species patterns and the acidic character of both phospholipids could explain why surfactant PG may be replaced by PI. 2. PI and PG were radiolabelled by incubation of microsomal fractions with [14C]glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P). For 11 out of 14 molecular species of PI and PG we measured comparable proportions of radioactivity. The radioactivity of these 11 species accounted together for more than 80% of the total. The addition of inositol to the incubation system decreased the incorporation in vitro of Gro3P into PG and CDP-DG (diacylglycerol) of lung microsomes (microsomal fractions), but did not change the distribution of radioactivity among the molecular species of PG. These results supported the idea that both acidic surfactant phospholipids may be synthesized de novo from a common CDP-DG pool in lung microsomes.


2008 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 467-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANG NING ◽  
NAN YE ◽  
HON WAI LEONG

Peptide sequencing plays a fundamental role in proteomics. Tandem mass spectrometry, being sensitive and efficient, is one of the most commonly used techniques in peptide sequencing. Many computational models and algorithms have been developed for peptide sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry. In this paper, we investigate general issues in de novo sequencing, and present results that can be used to improve current de novo sequencing algorithms. We propose a general preprocessing scheme that performs binning, pseudo-peak introduction, and noise removal, and present theoretical and experimental analyses on each of the components. Then, we study the antisymmetry problem and current assumptions related to it, and propose a more realistic way to handle the antisymmetry problem based on analysis of some datasets. We integrate our findings on preprocessing and the antisymmetry problem with some current models for peptide sequencing. Experimental results show that our findings help to improve accuracies for de novo sequencing.


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