scholarly journals Loneliness at Older Ages in Japan: Variation in Lonely Life Expectancy and the Role of Social Isolation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 462-462
Author(s):  
Shiro Furuya ◽  
James Raymo
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Synthetic Cohort ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Japanese Elderly ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Despite growing media, policy, and research attention to loneliness, it remains an understudied dimension of inequality in demography. Additionally, research on loneliness often fails, both methodologically and conceptually, to distinguish loneliness from social isolation. This is an important limitation given the positive correlation between measures of these two distinct concepts, a relationship that may be particularly relevant in collectivistic societies. This study focuses on Japan, describing the synthetic cohort duration of exposure to loneliness at older ages, with and without adjusting for the correlation between loneliness and social isolation. Combining life tables from the Human Mortality Database with individual data from the National Survey of Japanese Elderly, we calculated isolation-adjusted lonely life expectancies. We also evaluated regional and educational differences in isolation-adjusted lonely life expectancies. Results showed significant differences in lonely life expectancy before and after adjusting for social isolation; however, the attention to social isolation did little to alter our general understandings of trends and differentials in lonely life expectancy. In contrast to public perceptions of growing loneliness, we find that lonely life expectancy is short among older Japanese and has not increased over time. Additionally, we found no clear regional nor educational differences in isolation-adjusted lonely life expectancy.

scholarly journals The Role of Authentic Leadership on Athletes’ Achievement and Moral Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Malloy ◽  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Mariya Yukhymenko
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Team Culture ◽  
Moral Outcomes ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Introduction Authentic leadership is a form of leadership which could result in positive outcomes in athletes, yet, it has received limited research attention in sport. We conducted two studies, in which we investigated: (a) whether authentic leadership is related to athletes’ achievement and moral outcomes via trust and the culture of the team (Study 1); and (b) whether authentic leadership is related to changes in athlete outcomes directly and indirectly through changes in trust and cohesion over time (Study 2). MethodIn both studies data were collected via questionnaires. In Study 1, participants were 366 (240 females, Mage = 21.07) team sport athletes. In Study 2, they were 421 (227 females, Mage = 20.32) team sport athletes at time 1 and 247 athletes at time 2 (5 months later). ResultsIn Study 1, authentic leadership was positively related to athletes’ trust and team culture which in turn were related to athletes’ commitment, positive affect and perceptions of their teammates’ prosocial behaviours. In Study 2, changes over time in authentic leadership were related to athletes’ perceptions of their teammates’ prosocial behaviours and enjoyment, both directly and indirectly via changes in trust and cohesion.ConclusionsOur findings enhance our understanding of authentic leadership in sport and highlight its importance in predicting crucial positive athlete outcomes.

The FASB's Dissenting Opinions

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Bradbury ◽  
Julie A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Over Time

SYNOPSIS This paper provides a commentary on the results of a content analysis of dissenting opinions in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standards. During 1973 to 2009 the FASB issued 171 financial accounting standards. Half of these standards contained dissenting opinions. We identify and classify dissenting opinions based on whether the arguments are conceptual (conceptual framework-related or non-framework-related) or non-conceptual (e.g., scope, due process). We examine whether the types and frequencies of arguments change over time in response to the development of the FASB's conceptual framework and provide a commentary on the role of these opinions and the usefulness of analyzing them for research and practice. Our main finding from our analysis is that conceptual arguments are the most frequently used in the dissenting opinions, both before and after the introduction of the conceptual framework. However, of note is that many of the arguments raised, while conceptual in nature, are not from the conceptual framework. We suggest this indicates either a need for the conceptual framework language to be more widely used by the authors of dissenting opinions and/or the emergence of new conceptual arguments that may be relevant for future revisions of the conceptual framework.

Financial Elites and European Banking

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Debate ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
European Banking ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

The ambiguities of the globalized economy—epitomized by growing levels of inequality exacerbated by the 2007–8 financial debacle—have generated a feeling of disbelief towards experts and hostility towards elites. Financial elites, in particular, have become one of public opinion’s favourite targets because of their responsibilities in triggering the financial crisis, the very high compensations enjoyed before and after the 2008 Lehman collapse, and the relatively obscure nature of their activity. What has been the role played by financial elites (and financial experts) in different European societies and markets over time? What have been their links with other national/international elites? What has been their contribution to the recent financial collapse, and how does this compare to previous crises? How have financial elites adjusted to, or influenced, the process of evolution of the financial system’s regulatory framework over time? This book—a collection of chapters dedicated to the European financial elites—answers these questions through historical comparisons and country and cross-country case studies. The volume provides a timely contribution to the current debate on the role of financial elites/financial experts within society and the markets. The focus on European bankers complements the post-crisis literature mainly focused on American (or Anglo-Saxon) bankers and allows for a fruitful comparison between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

Commentary

2013 ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Alan S. Bellack
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Over Time

McIntosh and Compton have done an excellent job of describing the onset of schizophrenia in a young person. They aptly represent the subtle disease process that unfolds over time, making differential diagnosis difficult, if not impossible, at a circumscribed point in time. As is the case with many young persons, Mr. M expressed a number of vague complaints, with a common denominator of a gradual decline in functioning, especially increasing social isolation, and declining performance at school or work. The confounding and potentially exacerbating role of drugs and alcohol is also characteristic and frequently complicates the diagnostic picture....

scholarly journals Pelatihan Uji Sentuh Jari Kaki Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ketrampilan Kader Kesehatan Dalam Mendeteksi Gangguan Sensasi Kaki

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Sri Lestari Dwi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Diabetic Ulcers ◽  
Before And After

Background: Increased life expectancy will be followed by increasing problems if health care is not carried out properly. Problems will arise, one of which is endocrine system disorders such as diabetes mellitus which has complications. One of the complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic ulcers on the feet by 7.5% of patients who experience impaired sensation which ultimately have to undergo amputation. This condition can be prevented early, such as by checking the sensation of the feet. This activity aims to increase the role of health cadres in detecting the incidence of neuropathy. Methods:  In order to provide knowledge and skills of the toe touch test to 30 health cadres, the method chosen was training supported by guidebooks, videos and demonstrations. Results: There was an increase in the knowledge of cadres in good categories from 13% to 89% between before and after training. Meanwhile, the skills of the cadres showed that all of the training participants were skilled in doing the toe touch test. Conclusion: Improving the knowledge and skills of cadres can be pursued through training by combining the use of manuals, videos and demonstrations.

scholarly journals Power and Discipline: The Role of Accounting in the Monte di Pietà of Ravenna between 18th and 19th Centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Carlotta del Sordo ◽  
Massimo Fornasari ◽  
Rebecca L. Orelli
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statement ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Disciplinary Power ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Form ◽  
Kinship Bonds ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

This paper aims to fill a gap in the scant literature on accounting practices in non-Anglo-Saxon countries in under- researched periods by exploring the Monte di Pietà of Ravenna, an Italian non-profit institution. The research draws upon original 18th and 19th century documents found in the Monte di Pietà of Ravenna and offers an internal perspective of the development of accounting technology before and after an ‘intacco’ episode, thus attempting to shed light on the significance of accounting in that context. The originality of the Ravenna episode, compared to other similar ones experienced by Monti, consists in its extension over time and in its recurrence by three generations of administrators linked by kinship bonds, who systematically damaged the Monte between 1797 and 1837. The new form of control of the Monte’s activities after the “intacco” based on accounting technologies, and realised a new relation between power and knowledge in which accounting was the tool to exercise disciplinary power, thus making people more governable. Accounting technologies relied upon a more articulated financial statement that included the institute’s transactions and events.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF MARXISM BEFORE AND AFTER THE DIGITAL ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-185
Author(s):  
Richie Desandri ◽  
Aiko Chya Iswandari ◽  
Annisa Hatimah ◽  
Graciella Valencia S. ◽  
Indy Kumala Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Almost All ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Over Time

This paper explains the role of the mass media. In this digital era, almost all people know or use this media to receive or seek various information, which is undoubtedly unlimited. In this digital era, everything is advanced from technology increasingly being developed over time—speed ​​in its delivery from the source to the broader community. Without limitation, the information can be spread among countries—the large variety of media platforms available. Now, of course, the media are also a political tool. Not left behind in the discussion of this paper regarding the policies of Marxism.

Vigilance: It's Boring, It's Difficult, and I Can't do Anything about it

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (18) ◽  
pp. 1508-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Scerbo ◽  
Catherine Q. Greenwald ◽  
David A. Sawin
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Over Time

The present study was designed to examine the role of boredom, perceived mental workload, and perceived control in vigilance. Subjective estimates of boredom and mental workload were measured before and after a 40 minute vigil during which movements of a computer mouse were monitored. In addition, subjects were administered Rotter's (1966) locus of control inventory. Subjects who made progressively more movements over time reported the highest levels of boredom and workload. In addition, the subjects with the highest performance levels were the most cautious in their responding, had an internal locus of control, and tended to experience less frustration. Significant, positive correlations were also observed between the boredom and workload scores suggesting that boredom may be an important contributor to mental workload in sustained attention.

The Pattern of Hostility in Affective Illness

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (585) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy M. Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Manic Patients ◽  
Over Time

Many theoretical accounts of the affective disorders, in particular those by writers of the psychodynamic schools, have emphasized the central role of hostility and aggression. However, there have been very few objective studies of the expression of aggression in patients with affective disorders. Of these, two have used the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ,) of Foulds (Foulds et al., 1960; Foulds, 1965). Mayo (1967) tested 24 depressed patients before and after treatment and found a significant decrease after recovery, both in their level of general punitiveness and in their level of intropunitiveness. The psychotically depressed patients scored significantly higher than the neurotic depressives. Philip (1971) tested depressed women, and found that extra-punitiveness did not change over time, but that improved patients were less intropunitive than those who showed no improvement. No studies have reported the hostility pattern of manic patients.

Motives for Social Isolation Following a Negative Emotional Episode

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Gérald Delelis ◽  
Véronique Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Regulation ◽  
Emotional Event ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotional Events

Abstract. After experiencing an emotional event, people either seek out others’ presence (social affiliation) or avoid others’ presence (social isolation). The determinants and effects of social affiliation are now well-known, but social psychologists have not yet thoroughly studied social isolation. This study aims to ascertain which motives and corresponding regulation strategies participants report for social isolation following negative emotional events. A group of 96 participants retrieved from memory an actual negative event that led them to temporarily socially isolate themselves and freely listed up to 10 motives for social isolation. Through semantic categorization of the 423 motives reported by the participants, we found that “cognitive clarification” and “keeping one’s distance” – that is, the need for cognitive regulation and the refusal of socioaffective regulation, respectively – were the most commonly and quickly reported motives for social isolation. We discuss the findings in terms of ideas for future studies aimed at clarifying the role of social isolation in health situations.

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