Parental Education May Differentially Impact Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1068-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Krishna ◽  
Aziza Salako ◽  
Tatiana Fofanova ◽  
Richard Kellermayer
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Us Census ◽  
College Educated

Abstract Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (PIBDs: Crohn’s disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC]) is on the rise around the world. Yet, the critical risk factors for this rising incidence are not well understood. Demographic characteristics of PIBD may improve our understanding of their developmental origins and aid in prevention. Methods Four hundred eighty-eight consecutive PIBD patients diagnosed at Texas Children’s Hospital from 13 counties around Houston were studied. An annual incidence map was created by ZIP code of residence at diagnosis by using ArcGIS and the American Community Survey from the US Census Bureau. Correlation between demographic variables and PIBD incidence was examined. A model to explain incidence from different health factors was created in R. Results Hispanic children were more likely to be diagnosed with UC (P < 0.01) and unclassified IBD (IBD-U) (P < 0.03) compared with other races/ethnicities. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001) between median household income and PIBD incidence was observed (UC: r = 0.23, P < 0.0001; CD: r = 0.22, P = 0.0004). ZIP codes with majority college-educated adults had a higher incidence of PIBD than ZIP codes with majority high school–educated adults (P < 0.0001). Pediatric cases with CD were more common in ZIP codes where the majority of adults were college educated (P < 0.0001). Pediatric cases with UC, however, were more common in ZIP codes where the majority of adults were high school educated (P = 0.0036). Conclusions Hispanic children more commonly present with UC and IBD-U in southern USA. Household income and/or adult education–related environmental/dietary differences may be important in the developmental origins of PIBD in large metro areas, such as Houston.

scholarly journals Association between parental socioeconomic status and offspring overweight/obesity from the China Family Panel Studies: a longitudinal survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e045433
Author(s):  
Suqin Ding ◽  
Jingqi Chen ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

ObjectiveTo examine the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of offspring overweight/obesity and the changes of the association that occur as children grow older.DesignWe used data from the nationally representative longitudinal survey of the China Family Panel Studies of 2010 and its three follow-up waves in 2012, 2014 and 2016.ParticipantsA total of 6724 children aged 0–15 years old were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAverage household income and paternal and maternal education levels were used as SES indicators. Logistic regression model for panel data was used to examine the associations between SES indicators and child overweight/obesity. A restricted cubic spline linear regression model was used to estimate body mass index (BMI) trajectories with child growth across parental SES levels.ResultsCompared with the lowest education level (primary school or less), the ORs for fathers who had completed junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher were 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.93), respectively. The corresponding ORs for mothers were 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86), 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.72) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.60), respectively. A negative association between parental education and offspring overweight/obesity was observed in the first 10 years but not in children 11–15 years old. BMI differences across parental education levels emerged from birth and widened before 6–7 years old, but decreased before adolescence. High average household income was related to a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity but not when parental education level was adjusted for.ConclusionHigh parental education levels were associated with a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity, especially before adolescence. Effective approaches need to be adopted in early childhood to reduce socioeconomic differences in overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Colonic Mucosal Epigenome and Microbiome Development in Children and Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alan Harris ◽  
Rajesh Shah ◽  
Emily B. Hollister ◽  
Rune Rose Tronstad ◽  
Nils Hovdenak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microbiome Development

Epigenetic and microbiome changes during pediatric development have been implicated as important elements in the developmental origins of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are linked to early onset colorectal cancer (CRC). Colonic mucosal samples from 22 control children between 3.5 and 17.5 years of age were studied by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips and, in 10 cases, by 454 pyrosequencing of the bacterial16S rRNAgene. Intercalating age-specific DNA methylation and microbiome changes were identified, which may have significant translational relevance in the developmental origins of IBD and CRC.

Outcomes of Children With Critical Bronchiolitis Living in Poor Communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine N. Slain ◽  
Steven L. Shein ◽  
Anne G. Stormorken ◽  
Meredith C. G. Broberg ◽  
Alexandre T. Rotta
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Us Census

There are established associations between adverse health outcomes and poverty, but little is known regarding these associations in critically ill children. We hypothesized that living in poorer communities would be associated with unfavorable outcomes in children with critical bronchiolitis. This retrospective study included children with bronchiolitis admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over a 2-year period. Median household income was estimated from patient ZIP codes and 2014 US Census Bureau data. The 2014 Federal Poverty Threshold (FPT) for a family of 4 was $24 008. Patients were classified as living in ZIP codes below or above the 150% FPT (150FPT). Living <150FPT was associated with longer PICU length of stay (LOS), longer hospital LOS, higher odds of needing mechanical ventilation, and increased hospital charges. In this cohort of critically ill children with bronchiolitis, living in a poorer community was associated with more unfavorable clinical outcomes.

US household income boost may not carry over to growth

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Us Census

Subject US Census Bureau 2015 household income data. Significance Concerns about the economic well-being of middle- and lower-income US households have been central to the US presidential campaign ahead of the November 8 election. The debate has been re-energised by the US Census Bureau report released on September 13 that said US median household incomes in 2015 saw the largest annual real increase in decades after declining significantly during the financial crisis and deep recession of 2008-09. Impacts US households' persistent inability to access emergency funds will add political pressure in favour of government programmes. While traditional theory would suggest an income-driven fillip to consumption, decoupling of wages from employment may drag on growth. The household income data, when combined with a positive labour outlook, will boost the case for a December rate hike.

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