scholarly journals 1270The Contribution of Lifestyle Patterns to Clustering of Elevated Depressive Symptoms within Birth Cohorts

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gueltzow ◽  
Maarten J Bijlsma ◽  
Frank J van Lenthe ◽  
Mikko Myrskylä
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cohort Differences

Abstract Background Some birth cohorts experience a larger burden of depression than others. We hypothesize that lifestyle, i.e. BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity, are potential drivers of these generational differences. Methods We analyzed data from US adults aged 50-80 years enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study (N = 163,760 person-years). Birth cohort effects were estimated with the age-period-cohort model approach according to Carstensen. Consequently, we assessed the contribution of lifestyle factors by comparing the predicted probability of elevated depressive symptoms to a counterfactual scenario in which all birth cohorts are assigned the lifestyle factor distribution of the 1945 cohort (counterfactual decomposition analysis). We stratified all analyses by sex and ethnicity. Results BMI contributes to an increased probability of elevated depressive symptoms of up to 32.7% (95%CI: 190.9-11.23%, 1923 cohort) for cohorts born before 1927 and a decrease of up to 16.7% (95%CI: 0.5-26.8, 1964 cohort) for cohorts born after 1959. Contributions are most pronounced in females and white/Caucasians. Alcohol consumption contributes up to 20% (95%CI: 0.8%;45.3%, 1925 cohort) to cohort effects of elevated depressive symptoms, whereas the magnitude differs by ethnicity. We found no evidence for contributions of smoking or physical activity. Conclusions Birth cohort effects of elevated depressive symptoms can be partly explained by lifestyle. In particular, mental health of females and the white/Caucasian population may have suffered from the increase in obesity levels in the US. Key messages BMI and alcohol consumption, but not smoking or physical activity, contribute to birth cohort differences in depression risk.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Health Behaviors to Depression Risk across Birth Cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gueltzow ◽  
Maarten J Bijlsma ◽  
Frank J van Lenthe ◽  
Mikko Myrskyla
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
A Minor

Background: More recent birth cohorts are at a higher depression risk than cohorts born in the early twentieth century. We aimed to investigate to what extent changes in alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity and obesity, contribute to these birth cohort variations. Methods: We analyzed panel data from US adults born 1916-1966 enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study (N=163,760 person-years). We performed a counterfactual decomposition analysis by combining age-period-cohort models with g-computation. This allowed us to compare the predicted probability of elevated depressive symptoms (CES-D 8 score ≥3) in the natural course to a counterfactual scenario where all birth cohorts had the health behavior of the 1945 birth cohort. We stratified analyses by sex and race/ethnicity. Results: Depression risk of the 1916-1949 and 1950-1966 birth cohort would be on average 2% (-2.3 to -1.7) and 0.5% (-0.9 to -0.1) higher had they had the alcohol consumption levels of the 1945 cohort. In the counterfactual with the 1945 BMI distribution, depression risk is on average 2.1% (1.8 to 2.4) higher for the 1916-1940 cohorts and 1.8% (-2.2 to -1.5) lower for the 1950-1966 cohorts. We find no cohort variations in depression risk for smoking and physical activity. The contribution of alcohol is more pronounced for Whites than for other race/ethnicity groups, and the contribution of BMI more pronounced for women than for men. Conclusion: Increased obesity levels exacerbated depression risk in recent birth cohorts in the US, while drinking patterns only played a minor role.

scholarly journals Improved Cognitive Function in the Tromsø Study in Norway From 2001 to 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001115
Author(s):  
Bente Johnsen ◽  
Bjørn Heine Strand ◽  
Ieva Martinaityte ◽  
Ellisiv B. Mathiesen ◽  
Henrik Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
Birth Cohort Effect

AbstractObjective:Physical capacity and cardiovascular risk profiles seem to be improving in the population. Cognition have been improving due to a birth cohort effect, but evidence is conflicting on whether this improvement remains in the latest decades, and what is causing the changes in our population over 60 years old. We aimed to investigate birth cohort differences in cognition.Method:The study comprised 9514 participants from the Tromsø study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study. Participants were in the ages 60–87 years, born between 1914 and 1956. They did four cognitive tests in three waves during 2001-2016. Linear regression was applied, and adjusted for age, education, blood pressure, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, stroke, heart attack, depression, diabetes, physical activity, alcohol use, BMI and height.Results:Cognitive test scores were better in later-born birth cohorts for all age groups, and in both sexes, compared with earlier born cohorts. Increased education, physical activity, alcohol intake, decreasing smoking prevalence and increasing height was associated with one third of this improvement across birth cohorts in women and one half of the improvement in men.Conclusion:Cognitive results were better in more recent born birth cohorts compared with earlier born, assessed at the same age. The improvement was present in all cognitive domains, suggesting an overall improvement in cognitive performance. The 80-year-olds assessed in 2015-16 performed like 60-year-olds assessed in 2001. The improved scores were associated with increased education level, increase in modest drinking frequency, increased physical activity and for men, smoking cessation and increased height.

scholarly journals Birth cohort effects on the quantity and heritability of alcohol consumption in adulthood: a Finnish longitudinal twin study

Addiction ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Virtanen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Richard Viken ◽  
Richard J. Rose ◽  
Antti Latvala
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Secular trends in the prevalence of dementia and depression in Swedish septuagenarians 1976–2006

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2627-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wiberg ◽  
M. Waern ◽  
E. Billstedt ◽  
S. Östling ◽  
I. Skoog
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the prevalence of dementia and depression among the elderly has changed during the past 30 years.MethodPopulation-based samples from Gothenburg, Sweden were examined with identical psychiatric and neuropsychiatric examinations at age 70 years in 1976–1977 (n = 404, response rate 78.8%) and 2000–2001 (n = 579, response rate 66.4%), and at age 75 in 1976–1977 (n = 303, response rate 78%) and 2005–2006 (n = 753, response rate 63.4%). Depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IV and dementia according to Kay's criteria. General linear models (GLMs) were used to test for differences between groups.ResultsDementia was related to age but not to birth cohort or sex. Major depression was related to sex (higher in women) but not to birth cohort or age. Minor depression was related to birth cohort, sex (higher in women), age (higher at age 75) and the interaction effect of birth cohort × age; that is, the prevalence of minor depression increased with age in the 2000s but not in the 1970s. Thus, the prevalence of minor depression was higher in 2005–2006 than in 1976–1977 among 75-year-olds for both men (12.4% v. 3.7%) and women (19.1% v. 5.6%) whereas there were no birth cohort differences at age 70.ConclusionsSecular changes were observed only for minor depression, which is considered to be related more to psychosocial factors than major depression. The high prevalence of minor depression in later-born birth cohorts emphasizes the importance of detecting minor depression in the elderly.

scholarly journals Birth Cohort Differences in Multimorbidity Burden Among Aging U.S. Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 257-257
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bishop ◽  
Steven Haas ◽  
Ana Quiñones
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us

Abstract Multimorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more chronic health conditions and affects more than half of the US population aged 65 and older. Recent trends suggest increased risk of poor self-reported health, physical disability, cognitive impairment, and mortality among later born birth cohorts, yet we are unaware of work examining cohort trends in multimorbidity among aging US adults. Observations were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2018) and included adults aged 51 and older across 7 birth cohorts (1923 and earlier, 1924–1930, 1931–1941, 1942–1947, 1948–1953, 1954–1959, and 1960–1965). Multimorbidity was measured as a count of 9 chronic conditions including heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, lung disease, cancer (excluding skin cancer), depression, and cognitive impairment. General linear models adjusting for repeated measures and covariates including age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education were used to identify whether trends in multimorbidity varied across birth cohort. 31,923 adults contributed 153,940 total observations, grand mean age was 68.0 (SD=10.09), and mean multimorbidity was 2.19 (SD=1.49). In analyses adjusted for age and other covariates, adults born 1948–1953 reported .34 more chronic conditions (SE=.03, p<.001), adults born 1954–1959 reported .42 more chronic conditions (SE=.03, p<.001), and adults born 1960–1965 reported .55 more chronic conditions (SE=.03, p<.001), than those born 1931–1941, respectively. Our preliminary results confirm increasing multimorbidity among later birth cohorts of older Americans and should help guide policy to manage impending health declines among older Americans.

scholarly journals Lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults: evidence from an Australian birth cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tolassa W Ushula ◽  
Petra H Lahmann ◽  
Abdullah Mamun ◽  
William YS Wang ◽  
Gail M Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Objective: Previous studies of sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults have primarily focused on physical activity and smoking, with inconclusive results. This study aims to examine the associations between a broader range of lifestyles of young adults and their patterns of food consumption. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Brisbane, Australia. Participants: The data set are from a long running birth cohort study which commenced in 1981. Details of dietary intake and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were from the 21-year follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) birth cohort. The effective cohort (n 2665, 57 % women) is of young adult offspring. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from self-reports. Results: Western and prudent dietary patterns were identified for the combined cohort of women and men using principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations between lifestyle variables and dietary patterns adjusting for potential confounders. Results from multivariable adjusted models showed that physical activity, watching TV and smoking were strongly associated with each dietary pattern; alcohol consumption and BMI showed weaker associations (P < 0·05 for all). Conclusions: Our study describes a clustering of unhealthy lifestyles in young adults. Young adults with unhealthy lifestyles less often adhere to a healthy prudent dietary pattern and more often an unhealthy Western pattern. Dietary preferences are enmeshed in a lifestyle matrix which includes physical activity, sedentary activity, smoking and alcohol consumption of young adults.

scholarly journals Decline in the negative association between low birth weight and cognitive ability

2016 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Goisis ◽  
Berkay Özcan ◽  
Mikko Myrskylä
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cohort Differences

Low birth weight predicts compromised cognitive ability. We used data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS), the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS), and the 2000–2002 Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) to analyze how this association has changed over time. Birth weight was divided into two categories, <2,500 g (low) and 2,500–4,500 g (normal) and verbal cognitive ability was measured at the age of 10 or 11 y. A range of maternal and family characteristics collected at or soon after the time of birth were considered. Linear regression was used to analyze the association between birth weight and cognitive ability in a baseline model and in a model that adjusted for family characteristics. The standardized difference (SD) in cognitive scores between low-birth-weight and normal-birth-weight children was large in the NCDS [−0.37 SD, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.46, −0.27] and in the BCS (−0.34, 95% CI: −0.43, −0.25) cohorts, and it was more than halved for children born in the MCS cohort (−0.14, 95% CI: −0.22, −0.06). The adjustment for family characteristics did not explain the cross-cohort differences. The results show that the association between low birth weight and decreased cognitive ability has declined between the 1950s and 1970s birth cohorts and the 2000--2002 birth cohort, despite a higher proportion of the low-birth-weight babies having a very low birth weight (<1,500 g) in the more recent birth cohort. Advancements in obstetric and neonatal care may have attenuated the negative consequences associated with being born small.

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