258 The Interactions of Change in Nutrition on Uterine Environment and Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations in Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Taylor Andrews ◽  
Kaitlin Epperson ◽  
Jerica Rich ◽  
Saulo Menegatti Zoca ◽  
Abigail L Zezeski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the impact of nutritional changes prior to and after artificial insemination (AI) on uterine environment and plasma cholesterol concentrations. Beef heifers (n = 79) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups (High=155% or Low=86% of maintenance energy) for 30 d prior to AI (pre-AI). At AI, heifers were randomly assigned new treatment groups (post-AI) which created four pre- x post-AI diet treatments (High-High, High-Low, Low-High, and Low-Low). Post-AI dietary treatments continued until uteri were flushed for embryo recovery (d 7 or 8 post-AI). Blood samples were collected on d -3,-2,-1, 0 (AI day), 1,3,5,7, and 8 for analysis of plasma cholesterol concentrations using a colorimetric assay. Uterine flushes were analyzed for concentrations of Mg, Al, P, S, K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Se, and Fe by ICPMS. Plasma cholesterol (repeated measures) and uterine mineral concentrations were analyzed using the MIXED procedures in SAS. Plasma cholesterol concentrations changed over time (P < 0.0001); however, there were no differences between treatments (P > 0.10). There was an effect of embryo presence on uterine flush mineral concentrations for Mg (P < 0.04), Al (P < 0.01), S (P < 0.01), K (P < 0.01), and Ca (P < 0.01), with decreased concentrations when uterine flushes contained an embryo. There was no effect of pre-AI diet on mineral concentrations; however, there was an effect of post-AI diet on S (P < 0.02) and Ca (P = 0.03). High diet heifers had increased S and Ca concentrations compared to low diet heifers. Sulfur concentration was affected by a pre-AI diet by embryo interaction (P < 0.03). There was a post-AI by embryo interaction on P (P < 0.03), Zn (P = 0.02), and Se (P = 0.02). Also, there was a pre-AI by post-AI by embryo interaction on Mg (P < 0.05). In conclusion, changing plane of nutrition pre- and post-AI had no effect on plasma cholesterol concentrations; however, presence of an embryo affected uterine mineral concentrations.

PSIII-15 The interactions of change in nutrition after artificial insemination on plasma metabolites, steroid hormones, and uterine histotroph in beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
Taylor Andrews ◽  
Julie Walker ◽  
Kaitlin M Epperson ◽  
Jerica J Rich ◽  
Adalaide C Kline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the impact of nutritional changes after artificial insemination (AI) on plasma metabolites, steroid hormones, and uterine histotroph. Beef heifers (n = 50) were randomly assigned to a post-AI dietary treatment (High=161.5% or Low=77.45% of maintenance energy) until uteri were flushed for embryo recovery (d14). Blood samples were collected on d -3, 0 (AI), 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14 for analysis of plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), total protein (protein), glucose, cholesterol, and progesterone concentrations. Uterine flushes (UF) were analyzed for concentrations of Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, Co, B, Cr, and Fe. Plasma NEFA, protein, glucose, cholesterol, and progesterone concentrations were analyzed as repeated measures in SAS (PROC MIXED). Mineral concentrations in UF were analyzed using the MIXED procedures in SAS. Diet influenced plasma NEFA concentrations, with Low heifers having elevated concentrations (P < 0.01); however, diet did not influence plasma protein, glucose, cholesterol, or progesterone concentrations (P > 0.10). Plasma NEFA, glucose, and progesterone concentrations changed over time (P < 0.05), but protein and cholesterol did not differ over time (P > 0.10). Diet by time interactions influenced plasma NEFA, protein, and cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.05), but glucose and progesterone concentrations were not different (P > 0.10). Presence of a recovered embryo by time interaction influenced plasma protein concentrations (P < 0.04), but NEFA, glucose, cholesterol, and progesterone concentrations were not affected by the interaction (P > 0.10). Embryo recovery and diet by embryo recovery by time did not impact plasma NEFA, protein, glucose, cholesterol and progesterone concentrations (P > 0.10). When an embryo was recovered, Mg (P = 0.02) and S (P = 0.02) were decreased in UF. Diet and diet by embryo recovery did not affect UF mineral concentrations (P>0.10). In conclusion, post-AI nutrition influenced plasma NEFA, protein, glucose, cholesterol, and progesterone concentrations. Additionally, uterine histotroph mineral concentrations were affected by presence of an embryo.

Effect of psychotherapy for depression via home telehealth on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E Egede ◽  
Rebekah J Walker ◽  
Elizabeth H Payne ◽  
Rebecca G Knapp ◽  
Ronald Acierno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Impact

Objective We evaluated the impact of telemedicine-delivered behaviour activation treatment (BAT) on glycemic control in a subgroup of older adults with diabetes who participated in a randomized controlled trial for depression. Research design and methods We randomized older adults with major depression to same-room or telemedicine BAT. Each group received eight weekly sessions. For the subgroup analysis, we identified individuals with type 2 diabetes and obtained hemoglobin A1c at baseline and 12 months’ follow-up. We used mixed-effects models (MEM) for repeated measures analysis to compare the longitudinal mean A1c. We estimated model-derived mean A1c values and considered an adjusted model to account for baseline health status. Results We included 90 individuals with type 2 diabetes of the original 241 in the subgroup analysis (43 in telemedicine and 47 in same room). Treatment groups were not significantly different at baseline for demographics, depression, anxiety or A1c levels (telemedicine 6.9 vs. same room 7.3, p = 0.19). Baseline mean A1c for the telemedicine group remained at 6.9 (55 mmol/mol) at 12 months, whereas baseline mean A1c for the same-room group increased to 7.7 (61 mmol/mol). Longitudinal trajectories of model-derived mean A1c indicated a significant main effect of treatment group on mean A1c value at study end (difference = −0.82, 95% CI −1.41, −0.24). Adjusted analyses gave comparable results. Conclusions Telemedicine-delivered BAT was superior to same room in achieving lower mean A1c values in participants with type 2 diabetes, suggesting BAT-delivered via telemedicine is a viable treatment option for adults with diabetes.

scholarly journals Fecal and Ruminal Microbiome Components Associated With Methane Emission in Beef Cattle.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno G.N. Andrade ◽  
Haithem Afli ◽  
Flavia A. Bressani ◽  
Rafael R. C. Cuadrat ◽  
Priscila S. N. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The impact of extreme changes in weather patterns in the economy and humanity welfare are some of the biggest challenges that our civilization is facing. From the anthropogenic activities that contribute to climate change, reducing the impact of farming activities is a priority, since its responsible for up to 18% of greenhouse gases linked to such activities. To this end, we tested if the ruminal and fecal microbiomes components of 52 Brazilian Nelore bulls, belonging to two experimental groups based on the feed intervention, conventional (A) and byproducts based diet (B), could be used as biomarkers for methane (CH4) emission.Results: We identified a total of 5,693 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) in the Nelore bulls microbiomes from the experimental group B. Statistical analysis showed that the microbiome populations were significantly different among treatment groups. Differential abundance (DA) analysis with the ANCOM approach identified 30 bacterial and 15 archaea ASVs as DA among treatment groups. Random forest models, using either bacteria or archaea ASVs as predictors, were able to predict the treatment group with high accuracy (r2>0.85). Association analysis using Mixed Linear Models indicate that bacterial and archaea ASVs are linked to the CH4 emission phenotype, of which the most prominent were the ruminal ASV 40 and fecal ASV 35. These ASVs contributed to a 9.7% increase and 7.3% decrease of the variation in CH4 emission, respectively, which indicated their potential as targets for feed interventions and/or biomarkers.Conclusion: The feed composition induced significant differences in abundance and richness of ruminal and fecal microbial populations. The dietary treatment based on industrial byproducts applied had an impact on the microbiome diversity of bacteria and archaea, but not on protozoa. Microbiome components (ASVs) of bacteria and archaea can be successfully used to predict the treatment group, thus giving support to the hypothesis that the feed intervention modulate microbiome abundance and diversity. Microbiome components were associated with CH4 emission in both microbiomes. Therefore, both ruminal and fecal ASVs can be used as biomarkers for methane production and emission.

scholarly journals Hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary inclusion of two putative probiotic bile salt hydrolase-producingLactobacillus plantarumstrains in Sprague–Dawley rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Sunita Grover ◽  
Virender Kumar Batish
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Probiotic Treatment

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-hypercholesterolaemic effects of two putative probiotic bile salt hydrolase (Bsh)-producingLactobacillusplantarumstrains, i.e. Lp91 and Lp21, in rats.L. plantarumLp91 exhibited excellent tolerance to low pH and high bile salt concentrations as well as showed potential Bsh activity, cholesterol assimilation and cholesterol co-precipitation ability along withL. plantarumLp21 and NCDO82 strains. Furthermore, the potential effect ofL. plantarumLp91 on plasma cholesterol level was evaluated in Sprague–Dawley rats. Five treatment groups of rats (n6) were fed experimental diets: normal diet, hypercholesterolaemic diet (HD), HD plusL. plantarumLp91 (HD91) at ≥ 1·0 × 108colony-forming units (cfu)/g, HD plus microencapsulatedL. plantarumLp91 (HDCap91) at ≥ 1·0 × 108 cfu/g and HD plusL. plantarumLp21 (HD21) at ≥ 1·0 × 108 cfu/g for 3 weeks. Feed intake and feed efficiency differed significantly among the five groups. After 21 d of dietary treatment, comparative analysis revealed 23·26, 15·71 and 15·01 % reduction in total cholesterol, 21·09, 18·77 and 18·17 % reduction in TAG, 38·13, 23·22 and 21·42 % reduction in LDL-cholesterol, and the corresponding HDL-cholesterol values increased at the rate of 18·94, 10·30 and 7·78 % in treated groups HD91, HDCap91 and HD21, respectively. Faecal excretion of cholic acid and faecal lactobacilli counts were significantly higher in the probiotic treatment groups than in the control groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that the indigenousL. plantarumLp91 strain has the potential to be explored as a probiotic in the management of hypercholesterolaemia.

scholarly journals Comparison between Gradual Reduced Nicotine Content and Usual Nicotine Content Groups on Subjective Cigarette Ratings in a Randomized Double-Blind Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7047
Author(s):  
Wenxue Lin ◽  
Nicolle M. Krebs ◽  
Junjia Zhu ◽  
Jonathan Foulds ◽  
Kimberly Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Nicotine Reduction

In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking to reduce nicotine in tobacco products to produce a minimally addictive or nonaddictive effect, but there was a research gap in the subjective responses of reduced-nicotine-content cigarettes. We compared the responses of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire (mCEQ) and cigarette-liking scale (CLS) between the gradually reduced nicotine content (RNC) group and the usual nicotine content (UNC) group. Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to analyze and compare the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS across the two treatment groups (RNC and UNC). We found that the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS was significant between the RNC and the UNC treatment groups at the beginning of visit 6 with 1.4 mg nicotine/cigarette. At visits 8 and 9, the RNC group reported significantly lower satisfaction scores compared to UNC. Subscale analysis showed that smoking satisfaction decreased in RNC while other measures, such as cigarette enjoyment, did not change. Understanding the impact of nicotine reduction on cigarette subjective responses through evaluation and liking scales would provide valuable information to the FDA on nicotine reduction policies for cigarettes.

scholarly journals Fecal and Ruminal Microbiome Components Associated With Methane Emission in Beef Cattle.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno G.N. Andrade ◽  
Haithem Afli ◽  
Flavia A. Bressani ◽  
Rafael R. C. Cuadrat ◽  
Priscila S. N. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The impact of extreme changes in weather patterns in the economy and humanity welfare are some of the biggest challenges that our civilization is facing. From the anthropogenic activities that contribute to climate change, reducing the impact of farming activities is a priority, since its responsible for up to 18% of greenhouse gases linked to such activities. To this end, we tested if the ruminal and fecal microbiomes components of 52 Brazilian Nelore bulls, belonging to two experimental groups based on the feed intervention, conventional (A) and byproducts based diet (B), could be used as biomarkers for methane (CH4) emission.Results: We identified a total of 5,693 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) in the Nelore bulls microbiomes from the experimental group B. Statistical analysis showed that the microbiome populations were significantly different among treatment groups. Differential abundance (DA) analysis with the ANCOM approach identified 30 bacterial and 15 archaea ASVs as DA among treatment groups. Random forest models, using either bacteria or archaea ASVs as predictors, were able to predict the treatment group with high accuracy (r2>0.85). Association analysis using Mixed Linear Models indicate that bacterial and archaea ASVs are linked to the CH4 emission phenotype, of which the most prominent were the ruminal ASV 40 and fecal ASV 35. These ASVs contributed to a 9.7% increase and 7.3% decrease of the variation in CH4 emission, respectively, which indicated their potential as targets for feed interventions and/or biomarkers.Conclusion: The feed composition induced significant differences in abundance and richness of ruminal and fecal microbial populations. The dietary treatment based on industrial byproducts applied had an impact on the microbiome diversity of bacteria and archaea, but not on protozoa. Microbiome components (ASVs) of bacteria and archaea can be successfully used to predict the treatment group, thus giving support to the hypothesis that the feed intervention modulate microbiome abundance and diversity. Microbiome components were associated with CH4 emission in both microbiomes. Therefore, both ruminal and fecal ASVs can be used as biomarkers for methane production and emission.

U.S. Regulatory Approaches: A Critical Appraisal

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
R. L. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The American approach to environmental regulation is characterized by fragmentation of responsibilities, primary reliance on command and control regulations, extraordinary complexity, a preference for identifiable standards, and heavy resort to litigation. This system has provided important benefits, including significant reduction of environmental contamination, substantial use of science in decision-making, broad participatory rights, and the stimulation of new treatment technologies. However, these gains have been achieved at excessive cost. Too much reliance is placed on command and control methods and especially on technology-based standards. There is too much resort to litigation, and inadequate input from science. Participatory rights are being undermined, and there is a poor allocation of decision-making among the federal agencies and the states. Over-regulation sometimes leads to under-regulation, and insufficient attention is given to the impact on small entities. The responsibility for these difficulties rests with everyone, including the federal agencies, the Congress, the general public and the courts. Changes in the regulatory system are needed. We should abandon the use of technology-based standards to control toxic substances under the Clean Water Act in favor of strong health- and environmentally based standards, coupled with taxes on toxic substances in wastewater.

scholarly journals 231 Impact of Brachyspira hyodysentariae on intestinal function and integrity

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
Emma T Helm ◽  
Susanne J Lin ◽  
Nicholas Gabler ◽  
Eric R Burrough
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Swine dysentery (SD) induced by Brachyspira hyodysentariae (Bhyo) causes colitis and mucohemorrhagic diarrhea in grow-finish pigs, however little is known about the physiological changes that occur to the gastrointestinal tract during Bhyo infection. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Bhyo challenge on intestinal function and integrity of pigs fed two divergent diets. A total of 36 Bhyo negative gilts (24.3 ± 3.6 kg BW) were selected and assigned to one of three treatment groups (n=12 pigs/trt): 1) Bhyo negative, 20% DDGS diet (CON), 2) Bhyo challenged, 20% DDGS diet (DDGS), and 3) Bhyo challenged, 10% DDGS, 5% beet pulp and 5% resistant potato starch diet (RS). Pigs were fed diets 21 days prior to challenge and on days post inoculation (dpi) 0 and 1, pigs were inoculated with Bhyo or sham. Fecal samples were collected for ATTD and pigs were euthanized for colon collection within 72 hours of initial observation of clinical SD, or at the end of the study (dpi 10-16). Tissues were assessed for ex vivo measures of intestinal integrity and mitochondrial function. The challenge resulted in high morbidity, with 88% of DDGS and RS pigs developing clinical SD. Colon transepithelial resistance was increased in DDGS pigs compared with CON and RS pigs (P=0.005), and colon macromolecule permeability was reduced in both DDGS and RS pigs compared with CON pigs (P=0.006), likely due to mucoid discharge. Colonic mitochondrial oxygen consumption was not impacted by treatment (P >0.10). Further, ATTD of DM, OM, N, and GE were reduced in DDGS pigs compared with CON pigs (P< 0.001), whilst nutrient digestibility was not reduced in RS pigs. Taken together, these data show Bhyo does not appear to reduce ex vivo colonic integrity. Further, the RS diet may reduce severity of a Bhyo challenge.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diet on Urinary Risk Factors for Cystine Stone Formation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener ◽  
Norman Bitterlich ◽  
Hubert Birwé ◽  
Albrecht Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Cystine Stone ◽  
The Impact

Despite the importance of dietary management of cystinuria, data on the contribution of diet to urinary risk factors for cystine stone formation are limited. Studies on the physiological effects of diet on urinary cystine and cysteine excretion are lacking. Accordingly, 10 healthy men received three standardized diets for a period of five days each and collected daily 24 h urine. The Western-type diet (WD; 95 g/day protein) corresponded to usual dietary habits, whereas the mixed diet (MD; 65 g/day protein) and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (VD; 65 g/day protein) were calculated according to dietary reference intakes. With intake of the VD, urinary cystine and cysteine excretion decreased by 22 and 15%, respectively, compared to the WD, although the differences were not statistically significant. Urine pH was significantly highest on the VD. Regression analysis showed that urinary phosphate was significantly associated with cystine excretion, while urinary sulfate was a predictor of cysteine excretion. Neither urinary cystine nor cysteine excretion was affected by dietary sodium intake. A lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet is particularly suitable for the dietary treatment of cystinuria, since the additional alkali load may reduce the amount of required alkalizing agents.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Schemes Modify Maternal Plasma Cholesterol Levels Dependent to Women´s Weight: Possible Impact on Feto-Placental Vascular Function

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Contreras-Duarte ◽  
Lorena Carvajal ◽  
María Jesús Garchitorena ◽  
Mario Subiabre ◽  
Bárbara Fuenzalida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associates with fetal endothelial dysfunction (ED), which occurs independently of adequate glycemic control. Scarce information exists about the impact of different GDM therapeutic schemes on maternal dyslipidemia and obesity and their contribution to the development of fetal-ED. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GDM-treatments on lipid levels in nonobese (N) and obese (O) pregnant women and the effect of maternal cholesterol levels in GDM-associated ED in the umbilical vein (UV). O-GDM women treated with diet showed decreased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels with respect to N-GDM ones. Moreover, O-GDM women treated with diet in addition to insulin showed higher TC and LDL levels than N-GDM women. The maximum relaxation to calcitonin gene-related peptide of the UV rings was lower in the N-GDM group compared to the N one, and increased maternal levels of TC were associated with even lower dilation in the N-GDM group. We conclude that GDM-treatments modulate the TC and LDL levels depending on maternal weight. Additionally, increased TC levels worsen the GDM-associated ED of UV rings. This study suggests that it could be relevant to consider a specific GDM-treatment according to weight in order to prevent fetal-ED, as well as to consider the possible effects of maternal lipids during pregnancy.

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