61 Oral Dosing Loline Alkaloid and Its Effects Against Mixed Infection of L4 Teladorsagia Circumcincta, and Trichostrongylus Colubriformis, and Adult Haemonchus Contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Kelly Froehlich ◽  
Andrew Greer
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta

Abstract Loline, an alkaloid produced by Epichloë endophytes in pastoral grass species, is considered non-toxic with suggested antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties. In vivo metabolism of loline suggests ability to reach the abomasum or intestine, and anthelmintic benefit is indicated in vitro when parasites are in either a developmental stage close to the gastric mucus layers or adult stage consuming blood. Therefore, the objective of this project was to investigate the validation of using a loline seed extract as a natural anthelmintic in parasitized lambs. Sixteen Coopworth lambs were individually penned, offered ad-libitum lucerne pellets and water and randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups; CON; no treatment, or treatment with a Festuca pratensis seed extract with (LOL) or without loline (NIL). Lambs were orally infected with 20,0000 L3 Haemonchus contortus on day 0, and 10,000 L3 Teladorsagia circumcincta, and Trichostrongylus colubriformis on day 14. Parasites then matured to determine lolines efficacy on blood feeding adult Haemonchus contortus and L4 mucosal browsers Teladorsagia circumcincta, and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Loline was orally dosed at 52.5 mg/kg LW starting on day 13, and every other day until slaughter for worm enumeration on day 28. Feed intake and refusals were recorded daily, and fecal samples were taken prior to infection, on loline dose days and at slaughter. Worm and fecal egg counts were transformed to log10 and all data were analyzed in Genstat (18th edition). Significance was declared at P < 0.05. Worm burdens of T. circumcincta (P = 0.96), T. colubriformis (P = 0.43), and H. contortus (P = 0.15) were not different between treatments. No treatment difference (P = 0.39) was observed in fecal egg counts, weight gain (P = 0.51), or feed intake (P = 0.18). Average growth efficiency (kg LWG/ kg DM intake) was 0.18 in CON which was less (P = 0.01) than LOL (0.24) or NIL (0.23). In conclusion, limited evidence supported an in vivo anti-parasitic effect of loline.

scholarly journals In vitro action of Mimosa caesalpinifolia ketone extract on Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Rodrigues Barros Brito ◽  
Livio Martins Costa Júnior ◽  
João Luis Garcia ◽  
Suzana Gomes Lopes ◽  
Giselle Cutrim de Oliveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Egg Hatchability

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Mimosa caesalpinifolia (sabiá) ketone extract, which is rich in condensed tannins (CT), on Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The leaves and stems of M. caesalpinifolia were collected, dried in the shade, and ground to a dry powder from which ketone extracts were obtained for in vitro assays. The extracts were diluted in 5% acetone and PBS to concentrations in the range 0.25-2.80 mg mL-¹ and the inhibition of egg hatchability was assayed. Feces collected from goats naturally infected with H. contortus (55%) and T. colubriformis (45%) were macerated and the helminth eggs were collected to conduct in vitro egg hatchability tests. Nematode larvae collected from the feces were used for a larval exsheathment inhibition assay of M. caesalpinifolia leaf and M. caesalpinifolia leaf and stem ketone extracts at concentrations of 0.6 and 1.2 mg mL-¹; three replicates were performed for each concentration. PBS was used as a negative control. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was added to the extracts to assess the effect of phenolic compounds on anthelmintic activity. An inhibitory effect of 80.7% and 82.3% was observed on hatchability after treatment with 1.0 and 2.0 mg mL-¹ M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone extract, respectively. An inhibition rate lower than 75% was observed for 1.0 mg mL-¹ M. caesalpinifolia leaf and stem ketone extract. The M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone extract larval exsheathment assay resulted in inhibition of 97.3% and 99.8% at concentrations of 0.6 and 1.2 mg mL-¹, respectively. For the leaf and stem ketone extract, the larval exsheathment inhibition was 94.3% at 1.2 mg mL-¹. The leaf and leaf and stem extracts showed no inhibitory effects on larval exsheathment after the addition of PVPP. These results showed that cuticular loss was related to the action of the phenolic compounds in the M. caesalpinifolia extracts. M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone extract inhibited egg hatchability, but the leaf and stem extract showed lower efficiency, which indicated a greater abundance of active compounds in the leaves. The M. caesalpinifolia ketone extracts were effective in the inhibition of larval exsheathment at the highest concentration tested. Based on these results, in vivo studies should be performed to demonstrate the anthelmintic activity of this plant in goats.

Grape Seed Extract Complex (FFM-GS) Inhibits Postmenopausal Symptoms: In Vitro and In Vivo S

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
Minhee Lee ◽  
Da-Eun Nam ◽  
Soo-Jeung Park ◽  
Dakyung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Moon Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Postmenopausal Symptoms

Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Veronica O. Odubanjo ◽  
Fatai Bello ◽  
Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽  
Sunday I. Oyeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Natural Treatment

AbstractAvocado pear (The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of FeThe extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID.The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo action of Piptadenia viridiflora (Kunth) Benth against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Morais-Costa ◽  
G.A. Bastos ◽  
A.C.M. Soares ◽  
E.G.L. Costa ◽  
V.O. Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus

Kinetics of exsheathment of infective ovine and bovine strongylid larvae in vivo and in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. HERTZBERG ◽  
U. HUWYLER ◽  
L. KOHLER ◽  
St REHBEIN ◽  
M. WANNER
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal changes of exsheathment of ovine and bovine 3rd-stage strongylid larvae in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) and to compare the results with in vivo data obtained from rumen-fistulated sheep. Infective larvae were incubated in nylon mesh bags in the sheep rumen or the RUSITEC apparatus for periods of 1, 6 and 12 h, respectively. The 12 h exsheathment rates in the rumen and the RUSITEC apparatus (in parentheses) were as follows: Haemonchus contortus: 100% (100%), Ostertagia circumcincta: 100% (76%), O. leptospicularis: 100% (100%), O. ostertagi: 53% (59%), Trichostrongylus axei: 100% (100%), T. colubriformis: 37% (36%), Cooperia curticei: 94% (76%), C. oncophora: 95% (89%), Nematodirus filicollis: 0% (N.D.), N. spathiger: 11% (15%), N. battus: 7% (5%), Oesophagostomum venulosum: 17% (9%), Chabertia ovina: 7% (2%), Dictyocaulus filaria: 1% (N.D.). Larvae of Nematodirus spp. and T. colubriformis showed a quick rise of the exsheathment rate 2 h after transfer into the abomasum. These results confirm that exsheathment generally occurs in the part of the gastrointestinal tract immediately anterior to the habitat of the adult parasite. The overall similar course of exsheathment in both systems indicates that the essential stimuli for exsheathment were generated and maintained under in vitro conditions of the artificial rumen. In both systems, the bicarbonate concentration and the pH reflected a similar status of the H2CO3/HCO buffer system, which is known to provide the essential stimuli for larval exsheathment of the abomasal species. These results give evidence that the RUSITEC system represents a valid system for studying the kinetics of exsheathment of strongylid nematodes under in vitro conditions. For 7 of the species investigated the obtained results represent the first data on larval exsheathment in vivo and in vitro.

Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Diabetic Efficacy of O. Sanctum Seed Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Kavitha K. ◽  
Ponne S.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Weight Changes

The present study was designed to assess the in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic efficacy of <em>O. sanctum</em> seed and its phytochemical screening. In vitro inhibitory effect on carbohydrate digestive enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase and in vivo parameters such as fasting blood glucose and body weight changes were studied, a potent inhibitory effect was observed on activities of digestive enzymes and a marked decrease in the glucose level in the <em>O. sanctum</em> seed extract treated streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was noted. Further a marked reduction in body weight was also observed.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) fungal formulation to control in vivo and in vitro of Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus in sheep

3 Biotech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Carolina Magri Ferraz ◽  
Edir Nepomuceno da Silva ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans

scholarly journals Comparison of two in vitro methods for the detection of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Urda Dolinská ◽  
A. Königová ◽  
M. Babják ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Migration Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

SummaryGastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in sheep cause severe economic losses. Anthelmintics are the most commonly used drugs for prophylaxis and therapy against parasitic helminths. The problem of drug resistance has developed for all commercially available anthelmintics in several genera and classes of helminths. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to detect anthelmintic resistance. Two in vitro methods (larval migration inhibition test and micromotility test) for the detection of ivermectin (IVM) resistance were compared using IVM-resistant and IVM-susceptible isolates of Haemonchus contortus. The degree of resistance for each test was expressed as a resistance factor (RF). The micromotility test was more sensitive for quantitatively measuring the degree of resistance between susceptible and resistant isolates. The RFs for this test for IVM and eprinomectin ranged from 1.00 to 108.05 and from 3.87 to 32.32, respectively.

scholarly journals In vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts against Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda) and their anthelmintic effect in gerbils

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zamilpa ◽  
C. García-Alanís ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
V.M. Hernández-Velázquez ◽  
M.G. Valladares-Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe in vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts (E-Cham and E-Cato, respectively) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) and the anthelmintic effect of these extracts against the pre-adult stage of the parasite in gerbils were evaluated using both individual and combined extracts. The in vitro confrontation between larvae and extracts was performed in 24-well micro-titration plates. The results were considered 24 and 72 h post confrontation. The in vivo nematicidal effect was examined using gerbils as a study model. The extracts from the two assessed plants were obtained through maceration using n-hexane as an organic agent. Gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus L3 were treated intraperitoneally with the corresponding extract either individually or in combination. The results showed that the highest individual lethal in vitro effect (96.3%) was obtained with the E-Cham extract at 72 h post confrontation at 40 mg/ml, followed by E-Cato (78.9%) at 20 mg/ml after 72 h. The highest combined effect (98.7%) was obtained after 72 h at 40 mg/ml. The in vivo assay showed that the individual administration of the E-Cato and E-Cham extracts reduced the parasitic burden in gerbils by 27.1% and 45.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the anthelmintic efficacy increased to 57.3% when both extracts were administered in combination. The results of the present study show an important combined nematicidal effect of the two plant extracts assessed against L3 in gerbils.

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