PSI-B-28 Breed effect on weight gain of broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
Sodiq Oladipo ◽  
Khadeejah Kareem-Ibrahim ◽  
Olatunji T Abanikannda
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
The People ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Weight Table

Abstract Poultry production as an aspect of livestock production is important to the biological needs, economic and social development of the people in any nation. Broiler birds are specifically bred for rapid growth to attain mature body size within 7–10 weeks depending on the strain, sex and management. This study was carried out in the humid tropics of Southwestern Nigeria. The experimental units were derived from four commercial broiler breeds namely Arbor Acre, Cobb, Marshall and Ross. Each breed had 76 chicks totaling 304 across the four breeds. On arrival, each chick was tagged by breed and identification number, and the initial weight of the chicks were recorded. Each of the breeds were thereafter randomly selected and randomly assigned to four experimental plots as replicates of the same treatment. The broiler birds were reared for 10 weeks and their weight taken and recorded at weekly intervals. All statistical analyses were conducted using boxplot, descriptive statistic and general linear models of Minitab® 16. After exploratory analysis to check for normality and outliers, a total of 217 birds were used in the final analyses. Except for the Marshall breed that had a highly significantly (P < 0.01) lower weight at hatching, other breeds had fairly similar weight (Table 1). However, there was no statistical (P > 0.05) difference in mean initial weight across the four replicates. While breed alone accounted for 37.81% of the total variation in initial weight, it only accounted for 30.07% of the difference in weight gain. The effect of breed on weight gain was only significant (P < 0.01) in Marshall, while the other three breeds were not statistically different (P >0.05). It can be deduced from this study that performance in terms of weight gain of most of the commercially available breeds in Nigeria are similar with the exception of Marshall.

scholarly journals Non-linear growth models for bullfrog tadpoles

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Fernando Menegasso Mansano ◽  
Marta Verardino De Stéfani ◽  
Marcelo Maia Pereira ◽  
Beatrice Ingrid Macente
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Non Linear

Describing animal growth rate using non-linear models allows a detailed evaluation of growth behavior. Four non-linear models were used to fit weight gain and total length data of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) tadpoles, as follows: Gompertz, Y = A exp (-exp (-b (t-T))); Von Bertalanffy, Y = A (1 - K exp (-B t))³; Logistic, Y = A (1+ K exp (-B t))-1 and Brody, Y=A (1 - K exp (-B t)). We used 3,240 tadpoles, with average initial weight 0.044 g and average total length 12.79 mm, stage 25 Gosner. The measurements were conducted every ten days on 10% of the animals in every tank. The criteria used to select the model that best described the growth curve were: Residual Mean Square (RMS); determination coefficient (R²); residual graphical analysis; residual mean absolute deviation (MAD). Brody mathematical model was not a good fit for weight gain and total length, while Von Bertalanffy model underestimated tadpole initial weight, thus showing the difficulty of mathematical models to describe biological data at this growth stage. However, the Gompertz and Logistic models were considered to be an adequate fitting to describe growth rate and total length of bullfrog tadpoles in captivity.

ЕКАТЕРИНА ВЕЛИКАЯ И ДИАЛЕКТИКА ПРОСВЕЩЕННОЙ МОНАРХИИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
С. И. Дудник ◽  
И. Д. Осипов
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The People ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conservative Values

The article discusses the problems of evolution and the formation of the ideology of an enlightened monarchy in Russia. In this regard, the philosophical and political ideas of Catherine the Great, as well as their theoretical and ideological premises, are analyzed. It is noted that the philosophy of education in Russia was closely connected with the concepts of Voltaire, Didro, Montesquieu, Beccaria, Bentham, their views on natural law and human freedom, humanism and the rule of law. These concepts in the philosophy of Catherine received a specific interpretation, due to the sociocultural conditions of Russia. This was manifested in the famous work of Catherine the Great “The Nakaz”, which recognized Montesquieu's argument in favor of the autocracy, but at the same time, his point of view on the separation of powers was rejected. The specificity of the doctrine of enlightened monarchy lies in the combination of liberal and conservative values, which form eclectic forms. This was the dialectic of the supreme power, the difference between the enlightened monarchy and the ideology of absolutism. The article also notes that education in Russia is associated with fundamental socio-political reforms, processes of secularization of culture. At this time, the natural and human sciences are developing. The changes positively influenced the development of medicine, beautification of towns and public education. Also considered are the views on the autocracy of the opposition nobility intelligentsia: A. N. Radishchev and noted that his criticism of the autocracy was determined by an alternative cultural policy, proceeding from the protection of the interests of the people. The doctrine of enlightened monarchy is characterized by internal worldview inconsistency and political inconsistency, which did not allow solving the pressing social problems of the establishment of legal state, democratization of society and the abolition of serfdom.

Study on Association between Height, Weight, Iodine Supplementation and Thyroid Volume

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Lanchun Liu ◽  
Lixiang Liu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Random Pairing ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Salt Iodine ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The policy of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) could reduce population’s thyroid volume (TVOL) in iodine deficiency areas. Conversely, the improved growth and developmental status of children might increase the TVOL accordingly. Whether the decreased TVOL by USI conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and TVOL. Five national Iodine Deficiency Disorder surveys were matched into four pairs according to the purpose of analysis. County-level data of both detected by paired surveys were incorporated, 1: 1 random pairing method was used to match counties or individuals. The difference of TVOL between different height, weight, different iodine supplementation measures groups and the association between TVOL and them were studied. The mean height and weight of children aged 8-10 years increased from 129.9cm and 26.9kg in 2002 to 136.2cm and 32.1kg in 2019; while the median TVOL decreased from 3.10ml to 2.61ml. Iodine supplementation measures can affect TVOL; after exclude iodine effects, the median TVOL was increased with the height and weight. On the other side, after excluding the influence of height and weight, the median TVOL remained decreased. Only age, weight and salt iodine were significant associated with TVOL in multiple linear models. Development of height and weight in children is the evidence of improved nutrition. The decreased TVOL caused by iodized salt measures conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL. Age, weight, and salt iodine affect TVOL significantly.

scholarly journals High Levels of Genetic Variation in MHC-Linked Microsatellite Markers from Native Chicken Breeds

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Prabuddha Manjula ◽  
Minjun Kim ◽  
Sunghyun Cho ◽  
Dongwon Seo ◽  
Jun Heon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Mhc Diversity ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
The Difference

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic gene region that regulates cellular communication in all specific immune responses. In this study, we investigated 11 microsatellite (MS) markers in the MHC-B region of chicken populations from four countries: Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, South Korea, and Nigeria. The MS markers were divided into two sets. Set 1 included five novel MS markers, which we assessed using 192 samples from 21 populations. Set 2 included six previously reported markers, which we assessed using 881 samples from 29 populations. The Set 1 MS markers had lower polymorphism (polymorphic information content (PIC) < 0.5) than the Set 2 markers (PIC = 0.4–0.9). In all populations, the LEI0258 marker was the most polymorphic, with a total of 38 alleles (PIC = 0.912, expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.918). Local populations from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nigeria had higher allele diversity and more haplotypes for Set 2 MS markers than Korean and commercial populations. The Sri Lankan Karuwalagaswewa village population had the highest MHC diversity (mean allele number = 8.17, He = 0.657), whereas the white leghorn population had the lowest (mean allele number = 2.33, He = 0.342). A total of 409 haplotypes (89 shared and 320 unique), with a range of 4 (Rhode Island red) to 46 (Karuwalagaswewa village (TA)), were identified. Among the shared haplotypes, the B21-like haplotype was identified in 15 populations. The genetic relationship observed in a neighbour-joining tree based on the DA distance agreed with the breeding histories and geographic separations. The results indicated high MHC diversity in the local chicken populations. The difference in the allelic pattern among populations presumably reflects the effects of different genotypes, environments, geographic variation, and breeding policies in each country. The selection of MHC allele in domestic poultry can vary due to intensification of poultry production. Preserved MHC diversity in local chicken provides a great opportunity for future studies that address the relationships between MHC polymorphisms and differential immune responses.

Increased MRI-based cortical grey/white-matter contrast in sensory and motor regions in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1971-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Jørgensen ◽  
S. Nerland ◽  
L. B. Norbom ◽  
N. T. Doan ◽  
R. Nesvåg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Medication Dose ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

BackgroundSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic risk factors and one possible illness mechanism is abnormal myelination. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tissue intensities are sensitive to myelin content. Therefore, the contrast between grey- and white-matter intensities may reflect myelination along the cortical surface.MethodMRI images were obtained from patients with schizophrenia (n = 214), bipolar disorder (n = 185), and healthy controls (n = 278) and processed in FreeSurfer. The grey/white-matter contrast was computed at each vertex as the difference between average grey-matter intensity (sampled 0–60% into the cortical ribbon) and average white-matter intensity (sampled 0–1.5 mm into subcortical white matter), normalized by their average. Group differences were tested using linear models covarying for age and sex.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia had increased contrast compared to controls bilaterally in the post- and precentral gyri, the transverse temporal gyri and posterior insulae, and in parieto-occipital regions. In bipolar disorder, increased contrast was primarily localized in the left precentral gyrus. There were no significant differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Findings of increased contrast remained after adjusting for cortical area, thickness, and gyrification. We found no association with antipsychotic medication dose.ConclusionsIncreased contrast was found in highly myelinated low-level sensory and motor regions in schizophrenia, and to a lesser extent in bipolar disorder. We propose that these findings indicate reduced intracortical myelin. In accordance with the corollary discharge hypothesis, this could cause disinhibition of sensory input, resulting in distorted perceptual processing leading to the characteristic positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

A "ingovernabilidade" do Rio de Janeiro: algumas páginas sobre conceitos, fatos e preconceitos

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Political Status ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Governability is quite ofien used as an "umbrella concept", under which both the capacity of governance (manner in which power is exercised in the management of a territory) and the governability in the strict sense of the word (acceptation of the social and political status quo by the people) are subsumed. The first part of this article underlies the difference between these two concepts The second part examines facts in relation to governance and governability problems in Rio de Janeiro, and discusses some ideologically generated current exaggerations about the governability crisis in this metropolis, as suggested by the experience of the 1980s and 1990s.

Lunacy in Norway, 1891

1892 ◽  
Vol 38 (160) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
William Habgood
Keyword(s):  
Poor Country ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Crowded Condition ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
City Life ◽  
The People ◽  
High Tension ◽  
The Difference

The population of Norway in 1875 consisted of 891,000 males and 930,000 females. (The details of the last census, 1890, showing a population of two millions, have not yet been published). Of these were insane 2,186 males and 2,382 females, giving a ratio of 23 insane (20·4 males, 25·6 females) to every 10,000 of the population. The total number of admissions into asylums for the year 1889 was 756, a ratio of 4·15 per 10,000. These figures compare favourably with those given in the report of the Commissioners in Lunacy for England for the same year, viz, 29·2 insane (27·2 males, 31·2 females) to every 10,000 population, and a ratio of 5·18 per 10,000 on the admissions. Although Norway is a poor country, such extreme poverty and distress as is found in our large cities does not exist there, and this, probably, accounts for the considerably smaller ratio of insane to population. Of the 756 total admissions 32 per cent, were suffering from melancholia, 27 per cent, from mania, 24 per cent, from dementia, and from general paralysis and epilepsy, equally, 1·9 per cent. The marked preponderance of melancholia over mania is interesting, the opposite conditions obtaining in this country, where mania shows an excess of 24 per cent. The distribution of a small population over a large tract of country, the mountainous character of that country, the monotony of life, the lack of amusement, the phlegmatic character of the race, in contrast to the crowded condition of the people, the high tension of living, and the excitement of city life which prevails in this country probably explain the difference. The small number (1·9 per cent, of the admissions,—being 6·4 per cent, less than in England) of those suffering from general paralysis might be explained in the same manner.

scholarly journals A Sociolinguistic Study of Choosing Names for Newborn Children in Jordan

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Harb Al-Qawasmi ◽  
Fawwaz Al-Abed Al-Haq
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Clear Change

<p>This study aims at the study of newborn names in Jordan of a sociolinguistic perspective. This study tries to detect the difference in naming newborns in Jordan over the decades - from the seventies to 2015 due to the result of some factors that may have affected the Jordanian society, whether historical, religious and/or social. The data necessary to complete the study was obtained from the Civil Status Department and the Department of Statistics. The data obtained consisted of names of both sexes during the time period from the seventies until the early year of 2015, a random sample of personal names within the same family were also provided. The data was analyzed quantitatively. The study revealed that there is a clear change in the choice of newborn names-male and female-in Jordan, whether a change in sounds or in morphemes. In specific, names during the seventies were strongly linked to the culture and the values, religious or social, in which the people believed in. During the eighties and nineties, names were associated with certain social values, however, some names were shown to be affected by urbanization or modernization. And with the beginning of 2000 up to 2015, peoples directions towards naming newborns changed due to the advent of globalization, associating with development and urbanization, and moreover, the influence of different cultures on the community.</p>

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DESA PAKRAMAN PADANGTEGAL KECAMATAN UBUD KABUPATEN GIANYAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
I Putu Juniartha ◽  
Made Antara ◽  
I Made Sudarma
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
The People ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Definition Of

The results of this study indicate: (1) Characteristics of waste in Pakraman Padangtegal Village consisted of 83.88% organic waste, 7.24% plastic waste, 4.42% paper waste, 2.22% bottle waste, glass waste at 1.28% and metal waste at 0.96%; (2) public perception in waste management in Pakraman Village, Padangtegal that most of the people in Pakraman Village, Padangtegal, already know about the definition of waste and the danger of waste if it is not managed properly. Besides that the community also knows the difference between organic and inorganic waste so that the process of sorting waste in the place provided can run well, and the community's perception of waste management services has gone well with the transportation of waste twice a day; (3) the participation of the Pakraman Padangtegal Village community in waste management has played a role in various stages of waste management, starting from the sorting, garbage collection and garbage disposal, which complies with waste regulations and maintains the quality of the environment in Padangtegal Pakraman Village. The participation of the tourism industry in the process of waste management in Pakraman Village, Padangtegal, can be seen as being involved in the process of sorting waste and paying monthly fees and waste fees. The community participation in the waste management process is to help the government to socialize the waste management process by carrying out waste collection activities every week and provide a place for the waste management process. Suggestions in this study are that waste managers will immediately add facilities and infrastructure for waste transportation and accelerate the expansion of waste management in the village of Pakraman Padangtegal.   Keywords: Waste Management System, Pakraman Village

scholarly journals Dissemination of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter spp. within an Integrated Commercial Poultry Production System

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3441-3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umelaalim Idris ◽  
Jingrang Lu ◽  
Marie Maier ◽  
Susan Sanchez ◽  
Charles L. Hofacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Multiple Levels

ABSTRACTWhile characterizing the intestinal bacterial community of broiler chickens, we detected ε-proteobacterial DNA in the ilea of 3-day-old commercial broiler chicks (J. Lu, U. Idris, B. Harmon, C. Hofacre, J. J. Maurer, and M. D. Lee, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.69:6816-6824, 2003). The sequences exhibited high levels of similarity toCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colisequences, suggesting that chickens can carryCampylobacterat a very young age.Campylobactersp. was detected by PCR in all samples collected from the ilea of chicks that were 3 to 49 days old; however, it was detected only in the cecal contents of chickens that were at least 21 days old. In order to determine whether the presence ofCampylobacterDNA in young chicks was due to ingestion of the bacteria in food or water, we obtained commercial broiler hatching eggs, which were incubated in a research facility until the chicks hatched. DNA sequencing of the amplicons resulting fromCampylobacter-specific 16S PCR performed with the ileal, cecal, and yolk contents of the day-of-hatching chicks revealed thatCampylobacterDNA was present before the chicks consumed food or water. The 16S rRNA sequences exhibited 99% similarity toC. jejuniandC. colisequences and 95 to 98% similarity to sequences of other thermophilicCampylobacterspecies, such asC. lariandC. upsaliensis. The presence ofC. coliDNA was detected by specific PCR in the samples from chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery; however, noCampylobacterwas detected by culturing. In order to determine whether the same strains of bacteria were present in multiple levels of the integrator, we culturedCampylobactersp. from a flock of broiler breeders and their 6-week-old progeny that resided on a commercial broiler farm. The broiler breeders had been given fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and we sought to determine whether the same fluoroquinolone-resistant strain was present in their progeny. The isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, which confirmed that the parental and progeny flocks contained the same strain of fluoroquinolone-resistantC. coli. These data indicate that resistantC. colican be present in multiple levels of an integrated poultry system and demonstrated that molecular techniques or more sensitive culture methods may be necessary to detect early colonization byCampylobacterin broiler chicks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document