The Effects of Person-Centered Social Support Messages on Recipient Distress Over Time within a Conversation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A Rains ◽  
Andrew C High
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Support Provider ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Supportive Messages ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Although prior research documents the benefits of supportive messages containing higher levels of verbal person centeredness (VPC), the effects of this message property over time within a discussion are not well understood. This project evaluated predictions about the effects of high and low VPC messages over time drawn from the theory of conversationally induced reappraisals and the dual-process model of supportive communication outcomes. Participants (N = 281) completed an interaction with a computerized support provider in which the level of VPC was manipulated. Before and after the interaction and after receiving each of four supportive messages, participants rated their emotional distress, reappraisal, and validation. Participants in the high and low VPC conditions exhibited a significant reduction in emotional distress from before to after their interaction. Receiving subsequent messages with high levels of VPC produced a non-linear trend in distress reduction, whereas receiving subsequent low VPC messages fostered little change.

Effects of Cognitive Complexity and Emotional Upset on Processing Supportive Messages: Two Tests of a Dual-Process Theory of Supportive Communication Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham D. Bodie ◽  
Brant R. Burleson ◽  
Amanda J. Holmstrom ◽  
Jennifer D. McCullough ◽  
Jessica J. Rack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Emotional Upset ◽  
Supportive Messages

How do healthcare practitioners read electrocardiograms? A dual-process model of electrocardiogram interpretation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Alan Davies ◽  
Julia Mueller ◽  
Laura Horseman ◽  
Bruno Splendiani ◽  
Elspeth Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Process System ◽  
Electrocardiogram Interpretation ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Background/Aims: This article aims to improve the understanding of the applied cognitive processes when interpreting electrocardiograms in clinical practice. It will do this by examining the self-reported approach practitioners take to interpret any barriers they encounter. Methods: This was a qualitative study in which medical practitioners, who routinely interpret electrocardiograms (n=31), were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews covered: their experience of interpretation; use of a system; pitfalls; changes to approach over time. An inductive thematic analysis was used to identify commonly occurring themes. A further set of practitioners (n=31), completed surveys that concerned their approach to an interpretation and use of interpretation frameworks/systems. Results: Practitioners find it easier to interpret electrocardiograms as they gain experience, but the process remains difficult. Barriers to successful interpretation include artefacts altering the waveform, lack of familiarity with the presenting condition, stress/panic at the prospect of making an inaccurate judgement, and overconfidence in one's interpretation abilities. Conclusions: The results support a dual-process system model that is developed with experience and enhances performance. Over time, experienced practitioners become able to move fluidly between a more formal systematic method and an experience-driven pattern recognition system. Potential errors that may arise from a reliance on pattern recognition (e.g. missing details) can be mitigated by using a systematic approach.

scholarly journals Delivering Healthy Food Choice

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia E. Carins ◽  
Sharyn R. Rundle-Thiele ◽  
Joy E. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Military personnel need to eat healthfully to enable peak performance and sustain health. Poor dietary habits and a rising rate of obesity among military personnel indicate a need for programs to improve food choices. This study evaluated two programs conceived under a dual-process model (consumer-focused communications only and a broader social marketing program including communications and environmental changes). Methods: Programs were implemented and evaluated over a 6-week period in two military dining halls in Australia. Food selections were measured before and after program implementation using plate photography ( N = 673 meals). Outcome variables included a healthy plate index (HPI), number of selections for food types, number of selections from three healthfulness categories (most healthful, moderately healthful, and least healthful), and a measure of how diner selections differed from the proportions of each healthfulness category available on the menu. Independent t tests were used to assess the difference between diner selections before and after program implementation. Results: Significant differences ( p < .05) in diner selections were observed after implementation of both programs, all in a healthful direction. When communications were used in isolation, the HPI was higher, with more selections made, and more moderately healthful selections chosen. When communications and environmental changes were combined, the number of choices remained stable but the HPI increased, and more of the most healthful foods were chosen. Conclusions: The eating behavior of military personnel can be improved using consumer-focused communications. However, by altering the environment as well, a greater change in behavior can be realized.

Nociceptive Sensitivity and Control: Hypo- and Hyperalgesia Under Two Different Modes of Coping

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Rothermund ◽  
Jochen Brandtstädter ◽  
Christian Meiniger ◽  
Fernand Anton
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Nociceptive Sensitivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pain Duration ◽  
High Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Effects of perceived control on nociceptive sensitivity were investigated in an experimental arrangement with N = 40 healthy volunteers in which the duration of painful pressure stimuli was made contingent on success in a tracking task. Perceived control over the pain duration was manipulated through varying the frequency of success in the tracking task. The amount of painful stimulation applied in the high and low control conditions was balanced by a yoked-control design. Pain sensitivity was measured before and after the tracking task by means of a thermal sensory analyzer. Pain sensitivity was found to decrease in the low control condition (hypoalgesia), and to increase slightly in the high control condition (hyperalgesia). These effects are explained with reference to a dual process model of coping.

Weekly Exercise Consistently Reinstates Positive Mood

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Steinberg ◽  
Briony R. Nicholls ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sykes ◽  
N. LeBoutillier ◽  
Nerina Ramlakhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Class ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Over Time

Mood improvement immediately after a single bout of exercise is well documented, but less is known about successive and longer term effects. In a “real-life” field investigation, four kinds of exercise class (Beginners, Advanced, Body Funk and Callanetics) met once a week for up to 7 weeks. Before and after each class the members assessed how they felt by completing a questionnaire listing equal numbers of “positive” and “negative” mood words. Subjects who had attended at least five times were included in the analysis, which led to groups consisting of 18, 20, 16, and 16 subjects, respectively. All four kinds of exercise significantly increased positive and decreased negative feelings, and this result was surprisingly consistent in successive weeks. However, exercise seemed to have a much greater effect on positive than on negative moods. The favorable moods induced by each class seemed to have worn off by the following week, to be reinstated by the class itself. In the Callanetics class, positive mood also improved significantly over time. The Callanetics class involved “slower,” more demanding exercises, not always done to music. The Callanetics and Advanced classes also showed significantly greater preexercise negative moods in the first three sessions. However, these differences disappeared following exercise. Possibly, these two groups had become more “tolerant” to the mood-enhancing effects of physical exercise; this may be in part have been due to “exercise addiction.”

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