Clinical features and diagnosis

Depression ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

The core clinical features of depression include physical (sleep and appetite disturbances, psychomotor changes, fatigue, low energy), emotional (sadness, loss of interest, anhedonia), and cognitive (guilt, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, concentration and memory difficulties, indecisiveness) symptoms. DSM-5 classifies depressive disorders in adults as major depressive disorder (MDD), other depressive disorders, and persistent depressive disorder; the latter includes chronic MDD, unremitted MDD, and dysthymia (chronic, low-grade depressive symptoms). DSM-5 also includes specifiers, or sub-types, of MDD that have implications for prognosis and treatment choice and selection. The differential diagnosis of depression includes bereavement, bipolar disorder, and other medical or substance-induced conditions.

Depressive Disorders: Update on Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle E. Bauer ◽  
Antonio L Teixeira ◽  
Marsal Sanches ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Somatic Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

This review discusses the changes in the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and recent findings exploring the etiology of and treatment strategies for these disorders. Depressive disorders are typically characterized by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. New developments in the DSM-5 include the recognition of new types of depressive disorders, such as disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and the addition of catatonic features as a specifier for persistent depressive disorder. These diagnostic changes have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of this condition. A thorough understanding of both the clinical phenotype and the biosignature of these conditions is essential to provide individualized, long-term, effective treatments to affected individuals.  This review contains 1 table and 52 references Key words: brain volumes, depressive disorders, DSM-5, hormones, inflammation, neuropeptides, somatic therapy, stress

scholarly journals The overlap of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease can be used to identify metabolically different groups of individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona J. Strawbridge ◽  
Keira J. A. Johnston ◽  
Mark E. S. Bailey ◽  
Damiano Baldasarre ◽  
Breda Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Squared

AbstractUnderstanding why individuals with severe mental illness (Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder) have increased risk of cardiometabolic disease (including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and identifying those at highest risk of cardiometabolic disease are important priority areas for researcher. We explored whether genetic variation could identify individuals with different metabolic profiles. Loci previously associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder were identified from literature and those overlapping loci genotyped on the Illumina CardioMetabo and Immuno chips (representing cardiometabolic processes and diseases) were selected. In the IMPROVE study (high cardiovascular risk) and UK Biobank (general population) multidimensional scaling was applied to genetic variants implicated in both mental and cardiometabolic illness. Visual inspection of the resulting plots used to identify distinct clusters. Differences between clusters were assessed using chi-squared and Kruskall-Wallis tests. In IMPROVE, genetic loci associated with both cardiometabolic disease and schizophrenia (but not bipolar or major depressive disorders) identified three groups of individuals with distinct metabolic profiles. The grouping was replicated in UK Biobank, albeit with less distinction between metabolic profiles. This study provides proof of concept that common biology underlying mental and physical illness can identify subsets of individuals with different cardiometabolic profiles.

Clinical features and diagnosis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Variable Presentation

• Depression is associated with a number of physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms.• Sub-typing of major depressive disorder has implications for treatment choice and selection.• The differential diagnosis of depression includes bereavement, bipolar disorder, and other medical or substance-induced conditions.Depression is associated with many different types of symptoms which can result to a variable presentation in any given person. The features of depression can be physical (sleep, energy, appetite, libido), emotional (low mood, anxiety, crying) or cognitive (guilt, pessimism, suicidal thoughts). ...

Depressive Disorders: Update on Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle E. Bauer ◽  
Antonio L Teixeira ◽  
Marsal Sanches ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Somatic Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

This review discusses the changes in the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and recent findings exploring the etiology of and treatment strategies for these disorders. Depressive disorders are typically characterized by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. New developments in the DSM-5 include the recognition of new types of depressive disorders, such as disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and the addition of catatonic features as a specifier for persistent depressive disorder. These diagnostic changes have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of this condition. A thorough understanding of both the clinical phenotype and the biosignature of these conditions is essential to provide individualized, long-term, effective treatments to affected individuals.  This review contains 1 table and 52 references Key words: brain volumes, depressive disorders, DSM-5, hormones, inflammation, neuropeptides, somatic therapy, stress

What Is IPT?

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The People ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

IPT is a time-limited, specified psychotherapy developed initially for patients with major depressive disorder and later adapted for other disorders as well. IPT is based on the idea that the symptoms of depression have multiple causes, genetic and environmental. Whatever the causes, however, depression does not arise in a vacuum. Depressive symptoms are usually associated with something going on in the patient’s current personal life, usually in association with people the patient feels close to. The goals of IPT are to reduce the symptoms of depression and to help the patient deal better with the people and life situations associated with the onset of symptoms. This chapter provides an overview of the underlying theory and discusses the concepts and goals of this treatment. The types of depression are defined: major depression, MDD, dysthymic (persistent depressive) disorder, bipolar disorder, and mild depression.

scholarly journals Comparison of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and in major depressive disorder within bipolar disorder pedigrees

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Mitchell ◽  
Andrew Frankland ◽  
Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic ◽  
Gloria Roberts ◽  
Justine Corry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundAlthough genetic epidemiological studies have confirmed increased rates of major depressive disorder among the relatives of people with bipolar affective disorder, no report has compared the clinical characteristics of depression between these two groups.AimsTo compare clinical features of depressive episodes across participants with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder from within bipolar disorder pedigrees, and assess the utility of a recently proposed probabilistic approach to distinguishing bipolar from unipolar depression. A secondary aim was to identify subgroups within the relatives with major depression potentially indicative of ‘genetic’ and ‘sporadic’ subgroups.MethodPatients with bipolar disorder types 1 and 2 (n = 246) and patients with major depressive disorder from bipolar pedigrees (n = 120) were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Logistic regression was used to identify distinguishing clinical features and assess the utility of the probabilistic approach. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups within the major depressive disorder sample.ResultsBipolar depression was characterised by significantly higher rates of psychomotor retardation, difficulty thinking, early morning awakening, morning worsening and psychotic features. Depending on the threshold employed, the probabilistic approach yielded a positive predictive value ranging from 74% to 82%. Two clusters within the major depressive disorder sample were found, one of which demonstrated features characteristic of bipolar depression, suggesting a possible ‘genetic’ subgroup.ConclusionsA number of previously identified clinical differences between unipolar and bipolar depression were confirmed among participants from within bipolar disorder pedigrees. Preliminary validation of the probabilistic approach in differentiating between unipolar and bipolar depression is consistent with dimensional distinctions between the two disorders and offers clinical utility in identifying patients who may warrant further assessment for bipolarity. The major depressive disorder clusters potentially reflect genetic and sporadic subgroups which, if replicated independently, might enable an improved phenotypic definition of underlying bipolarity in genetic analyses.

Depressive Disorders: Update on Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle E. Bauer ◽  
Antonio L Teixeira ◽  
Marsal Sanches ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Somatic Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

This review discusses the changes in the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and recent findings exploring the etiology of and treatment strategies for these disorders. Depressive disorders are typically characterized by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. New developments in the DSM-5 include the recognition of new types of depressive disorders, such as disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and the addition of catatonic features as a specifier for persistent depressive disorder. These diagnostic changes have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of this condition. A thorough understanding of both the clinical phenotype and the biosignature of these conditions is essential to provide individualized, long-term, effective treatments to affected individuals.  This review contains 6 table and 53 references Key words: brain volumes, depressive disorders, DSM-5, hormones, inflammation, neuropeptides, somatic therapy, stress

Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvinder Singh ◽  
Brian Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Cyclothymic Disorder ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

In this chapter the topics that are reviewed include major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), unspecified depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder and unspecified bipolar disorder

scholarly journals Clinical Features of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Depressive Episodes With Mixed Features 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Yan-Xia Xiao ◽  
Jing-Ge Du ◽  
Xia Du ◽  
Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract Background: To investigate the clinical phenomenology and clinical features of the new concept of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder depressive episodes with mixed features.Methods: A total of 357 patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder depressive episodes were assessed, we compared the differences of clinical features with or without mixed features.Results: According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria, the overall prevalence of mixed features was 9.52% (34/357) in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder depressive episodes; specifically, the prevalence was 6.0% in major depressive disorder and 23.3% in bipolar disorder depressive episodes. Compared with the non-mixed features group, the mixed features group had more single individuals (P=0.002), earlier onset age (P=0.003), more patients with an onset age <25 years (P=0.001), and more previous incidences and prior hospitalizations (P<0.001, P=0.004, respectively), and fewer melancholic features (P=0.013).Logistic regression analysis showed that marital status (OR=0.237) and previous incidence (OR=1.478) was associated with mixed features.Conclusion: It indicates that previous incidence may be a risk factor of in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder depressive episodes with mixed features, and marital status may be a protective factor.

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