Chronic pain across the life span

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Functional Perspective ◽

Absolute Agreement ◽

Policy Agendas ◽

Global Pain

Pain can be thought about at individual, social, and global levels and discursively defined in different ontological and epistemological ways. There is presently no absolute agreement about how to define it. However, there are movements to bridge the sufferer–observer, subjective–objective gap, and to think about pain from a functional perspective as opposed to conceptualizing it simply as an experience. Key conceptualizations of pain focus on its embodied nature and its extant function in protecting the organism from threat. Many epidemiological studies and systematic reviews define pain via International Association for the Study of Pain and International Classification of Diseases criteria, and show the extent of the global pain burden. Pain has many negative consequences across the life span, including a distinct impact on people’s working lives. How pain is conceptualized has important implications for clinical, research, and policy agendas. The embodied view of pain as an action against uncertainty means that if we are to reduce pain intrusion and interference (including whilst we work, or more broadly occupy ourselves) we must attend more deeply to how people manage threats to identity and coherence. We need clearer agendas to seek better pain-relieving resolutions than we achieve today.

Protocol for a qualitative study exploring perspectives on the INternational CLassification of Diseases (11th revision); Using lived experience to improve mental health Diagnosis in NHS England: INCLUDE study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018399 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e018399 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Corinna Hackmann ◽

Amanda Green ◽

Caitlin Notley ◽

Amorette Perkins ◽

Geoffrey M Reed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focus Groups ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Service User ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

International Classification ◽

Service Users ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Classification Of Diseases

IntroductionDeveloped in dialogue with WHO, this research aims to incorporate lived experience and views in the refinement of the International Classification of Diseases Mental and Behavioural Disorders 11th Revision (ICD-11). The validity and clinical utility of psychiatric diagnostic systems has been questioned by both service users and clinicians, as not all aspects reflect their lived experience or are user friendly. This is critical as evidence suggests that diagnosis can impact service user experience, identity, service use and outcomes. Feedback and recommendations from service users and clinicians should help minimise the potential for unintended negative consequences and improve the accuracy, validity and clinical utility of the ICD-11.Methods and analysisThe name INCLUDE reflects the value of expertise by experience as all aspects of the proposed study are co-produced. Feedback on the planned criteria for the ICD-11 will be sought through focus groups with service users and clinicians. The data from these groups will be coded and inductively analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Findings from this will be used to form the basis of co-produced recommendations for the ICD-11. Two service user focus groups will be conducted for each of these diagnoses: Personality Disorder, Bipolar I Disorder, Schizophrenia, Depressive Disorder and Generalised Anxiety Disorder. There will be four focus groups with clinicians (psychiatrists, general practitioners and clinical psychologists).Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the Coventry and Warwickshire HRA Research Ethics Committee (16/WM/0479). The output for the project will be recommendations that reflect the views and experiences of experts by experience (service users and clinicians). The findings will be disseminated via conferences and peer-reviewed publications. As the ICD is an international tool, the aim is for the methodology to be internationally disseminated for replication by other groups.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03131505.

Personality Disorder in a Nigerian Prison Community

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i930484 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Enyidah Nonyenim Solomon

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Strong Association ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Chi Square ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Prison Community ◽

The 19Th Century

Background: Personality disorders have since the 19th century been known and established as psychiatric diagnosis, yet very few epidemiological studies have been done. Absence of information about this disorder in the prisons led to the assessment of its prevalence in Agodi prisons in Nigeria. Objective: To determine the prevalence of personality disorder in a prison community. Methods: A total of 213 inmates who met the study criteria were interviewed, using (IPDE) International Personality Disorder Examination, a semi structured questionnaire modified to conform to DSM 111-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) and ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) classifications. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS/PC+), cross tabulation of the variables was obtained using chi-square and t- test. Results: The results showed that at least 31% of prison inmates have personality disorders with antisocial personality disorder being most prevalent. A strong association between criminality and personality disorder was established.

Discordance Between Self-report of Physician Diagnosis and Administrative Database Diagnosis of Arthritis and Its Predictors

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.090041 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 2000-2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

JASVINDER A. SINGH

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Kappa Coefficient ◽

Self Report ◽

Administrative Database ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Physician Diagnosis

Objective.To study predictors of discordance between self-reported physician diagnosis and administrative database diagnosis of arthritis.Methods.A cohort of all veterans who utilized Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN)-13 medical facilities were mailed a questionnaire that included patient self-report of physician diagnosis of arthritis and questions regarding demographics, functional limitation, and SF-36V (a validated version of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36). Kappa coefficient was used to assess the extent of agreement between self-report of physician diagnosis and administrative database definitions that incorporated International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and use of medications for arthritis. We identified predictors of overall discordance between self-report and administrative database diagnosis using multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results.Among 70,334 eligible veterans surveyed, 19,749 subjects had an ICD diagnosis of arthritis in the administrative database in the year prior to the survey; 34,440 answered the arthritis question and 18,464 self-reported a physician diagnosis of arthritis. Kappa coefficient showed slight to fair agreement of 0.19–0.32 between self-report and administrative database definitions of arthritis. We found significantly higher overall discordance among veterans with more comorbidities, greater age, worse functional status, lower use of outpatient and inpatient services, lower education level, and among single medical-site users.Conclusion.Low level of agreement between self-report and database diagnosis of arthritis and its significant association with patient demographic, clinical, and functional characteristics highlights the limitation of use of these strategies for identification of patients with arthritis in epidemiological studies.

A kórházi adatlapok jelentéseinek alkalmazhatósága epidemiológiai elemzésekre az ischaemiás cerebrovascularis betegségek példája alapján

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2015.30258 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (38) ◽

pp. 1540-1546 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

András Ajtay ◽

Ferenc Oberfrank ◽

Dániel Bereczki

Keyword(s):

Health Care Financing ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Insurance Fund ◽

Cerebral Infarcts ◽

Hospital Report ◽

Single Payer ◽

Icd 10

Introduction: In single-payer health care financing systems data extracted from hospital report forms submitted for reimbursement purposes may be used for epidemiological investigations. Aim: Based on data submitted by 14 neurological wards in Central Hungary the authors examined the reliability of these reports. Method: Analyses were performed for the 3-digit codes of the 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases for cerebral infarcts (ICD-10 I63+I64) reported for the National Health Insurance Fund. Results: The number of cases in individual hospitals changed between a decrease by 35% and an increase by 73% from the first to the second half of the year 2012, reflecting changes in the size of the catchment area of the hospitals in July 2012. Of those with an ICD-10 I63 or I64 discharge diagnosis 54–84% had acute stroke. Neurological wards cared for 34–98% of all stroke patients. The diagnoses submitted for reimbursement purposes corresponded in over 99% to the diagnoses in the hospital discharge reports. Inaccuracies occurred in a larger proportion (about 20%) in coding the DRG financing categories. Conclusions: Databases created from hospital reports submitted for reimbursement purposes can be used reliably in Hungary for stroke epidemiological studies. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(38), 1540–1546.

Diagnostic classification of psychiatric disorders and familial-genetic research

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.1999.1.3/wmaier ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 191-196

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Icd 10

The validity of diagnostic definitions in psychiatry is directly related to the extent to which their etiology can be specified. However, since detailed knowledge of causal or susceptibility factors is lacking for most psychiatric disorders with a known or suspected familial-genetic origin, the current widely accepted classification systems largely fail to achieve this ideal. To illustrate this problem, this paper looks at the difficulties posed by the criteria for schizophrenia as laid down in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R), and highlights the discrepancies between the majority of diagnostic boundaries and the various phenotype aggregation patterns observed in family studies. Progress in our understanding of psychiatric disorders requires to be firmly based on the findings of epidemiological studies as well as on a clear appreciation of the limitations of classification tools.

Chronic pain syndromes in ICD 11. Complex therapy concept

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2021-14-7-12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

M. V. Putilina ◽

N. V. Teplova ◽

A. V. Naumov

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Pain Syndromes ◽

Therapy Strategy ◽

Complex Therapy ◽

Icd 10

In the International Classiﬁcation of Diseases (ICD‑10), the diagnosis of chronic pain is not presented, which makes it difﬁcult to conduct accurate epidemiological studies and prevents the development of an adequate diagnosis and multimodal therapy strategy. ICD‑11 will be the ﬁrst version to include chronic pain as a diagnosis. According to the new concept, chronic pain is a real disease associated with multiple changes in the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Developing a comprehensive treatment plan is of paramount importance and requires a multimodal plan that includes non‑drug and pharmacotherapeutic strategies for pain management. One of the promising areas of pharmacotherapy is the use of complex therapy regimens: meloxicam (Amelotex) – tolperisone (Calmirex) – B vitamins (compliments B).

Which conditions should be considered as disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) designation of “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors”?

Journal of Behavioral Addictions ◽

10.1556/2006.2020.00035 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matthias Brand ◽

Hans-JÜrgen Rumpf ◽

Zsolt Demetrovics ◽

Astrid MÜller ◽

Rudolf Stark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Empirical Evidence ◽

Addictive Behavior ◽

International Classification ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Functional Impairments ◽

Meta Level ◽

Classification Of Diseases

AbstractBackgroundGambling and gaming disorders have been included as “disorders due to addictive behaviors” in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Other problematic behaviors may be considered as “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors (6C5Y).”MethodsNarrative review, experts' opinions.ResultsWe suggest the following meta-level criteria for considering potential addictive behaviors as fulfilling the category of “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors”:1. Clinical relevance: Empirical evidence from multiple scientific studies demonstrates that the specific potential addictive behavior is clinically relevant and individuals experience negative consequences and functional impairments in daily life due to the problematic and potentially addictive behavior.2. Theoretical embedding: Current theories and theoretical models belonging to the field of research on addictive behaviors describe and explain most appropriately the candidate phenomenon of a potential addictive behavior.3. Empirical evidence: Data based on self-reports, clinical interviews, surveys, behavioral experiments, and, if available, biological investigations (neural, physiological, genetic) suggest that psychological (and neurobiological) mechanisms involved in other addictive behaviors are also valid for the candidate phenomenon. Varying degrees of support for problematic forms of pornography use, buying and shopping, and use of social networks are available. These conditions may fit the category of “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors”.ConclusionIt is important not to over-pathologize everyday-life behavior while concurrently not trivializing conditions that are of clinical importance and that deserve public health considerations. The proposed meta-level-criteria may help guide both research efforts and clinical practice.

Epidemiology of Primary Brain Tumors in the Province of Catania during the 2003–2016 Period

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000519512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 473-483

Author(s):

Chaima Chebil ◽

Farid Boumediene ◽

Calogero E. Cicero ◽

Cristina Rascunà ◽

Alessia Di Prima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumors ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Male Ratio ◽

Log Linear

Introduction: Primary brain tumors (PBTs) account for approximately 2% of all cancers and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, only few epidemiological studies focus on PBTs in Italy. The aim of this study was to evaluate incidence, temporal trend, and survival rate of all PBTs in the province of Catania during the study period. Methods: All patients diagnosed with PBTs in the province of Catania during the 2003-2016 were identified through the local cancer registry. All cases were classified by histology according to 2007 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors, using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition codes. The incidence rate (IR) was calculated for all PBTs and by gender, histology, age-groups, and behavior. Trend analysis was performed using a piecewise log-linear model. Results: A total of 3,819 cases were identified with a female/male ratio of 1.45. The IR for all PBTs was 25.3/100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval 24.5–26.1). Most PBTs were nonmalignant (59.5%, IR = 15.0) with a female predominance. Conversely, malignant tumors (32.4%, IR = 8.2) were more common among men, with a female/male ratio of 0.9. The most frequently reported histology was meningioma (39.0%, IR = 9.8), followed by glioblastoma (11.6%, IR = 2.9). A peak of incidence was found in the 75–84 years age-group, with an IR of 77.6/100,000 person-years. Overall, no increase in incidence was observed along the study period. Conclusions: The IR of PBTs in the province of Catania is close to incidence reported worldwide. Further studies on risk factors are necessary.

Outcome Assessment in Epidemiological Studies of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure and Cancer Risks: Sources, Level of Ascertainment, and Misclassification

JNCI Monographs ◽

10.1093/jncimonographs/lgaa007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (56) ◽

pp. 154-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Martha S Linet ◽

Mary K Schubauer-Berigan ◽

Amy Berrington de González

Keyword(s):

Outcome Assessment ◽

Low Dose ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cancer Risks ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Classification Of Diseases

Abstract Background Outcome assessment problems and errors that could lead to biased risk estimates in low-dose radiation epidemiological studies of cancer risks have not been systematically evaluated. Methods Incidence or mortality risks for all cancers or all solid cancers combined and for leukemia were examined in 26 studies published in 2006–2017 involving low-dose (mean dose ≤100 mGy) radiation from environmental, medical, or occupational sources. We evaluated the impact of loss to follow-up, under- or overascertainment, outcome misclassification, and changing classifications occurring similarly or differentially across radiation dose levels. Results Loss to follow-up was not reported in 62% of studies, but when reported it was generally small. Only one study critically evaluated the completeness of the sources of vital status. Underascertainment of cancers (“false negatives”) was a potential shortcoming for cohorts that could not be linked with high-quality population-based registries, particularly during early years of exposure in five studies, in two lacking complete residential history, and in one with substantial emigration. False positives may have occurred as a result of cancer ascertainment from self- or next-of-kin report in three studies or from enhanced medical surveillance of exposed patients that could lead to detection bias (eg, reporting precancer lesions as physician-diagnosed cancer) in one study. Most pediatric but few adult leukemia studies used expert hematopathology review or current classifications. Only a few studies recoded solid cancers to the latest International Classification of Diseases or International Classification of Diseases for Oncology codes. These outcome assessment shortcomings were generally nondifferential in relation to radiation exposure level except possibly in four studies. Conclusion The majority of studies lacked information to enable comprehensive evaluation of all major sources of outcome assessment errors, although reported data suggested that the outcome assessment limitations generally had little effect on risk or biased estimates towards the null except possibly in four studies.

Assessment of Malnutrition, Sarcopenia and Frailty in Patients with Cirrhosis: Which Tools Should We Use in Clinical Practice?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 186 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Benjamin Buchard ◽

Yves Boirie ◽

Lucie Cassagnes ◽

Géraldine Lamblin ◽

A. Coilly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Diseases ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Chronic Liver Diseases ◽

Cardiorespiratory System ◽

Before And After ◽

Definition Of

Malnutrition is a common comorbidity in patients with cirrhosis. Its prognostic value is indisputable as it greatly affects the evolution of liver diseases. It has a major impact on both morbi-mortality before and after liver transplantation. Being now integrated in the definition of malnutrition and recognized as a new entity in the international classification of diseases, physicians have taken great interest in sarcopenia. Its negative consequences on the fate of patients with cirrhosis are well-demonstrated. The concept of frailty has recently been enlarged to chronic liver diseases as symptoms of impaired global physical functioning. In this article, we will discuss the definitions of malnutrition and emphasize its links with sarcopenia and frailty. We will show the relevance of frailty and sarcopenia in the course of liver diseases. The emerging role of muscle depletion on the cardiorespiratory system will also be highlighted. The importance of body composition will be demonstrated and the main tools reviewed. Finally, we adapted the definition of malnutrition to patients with cirrhosis based on the assessment of sarcopenia together with reduced food intakes.