Malaria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Sakhuja ◽  
Harbir Singh Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
End Stage

Of the four pathogenic malarial species, clinically significant renal dysfunction is mainly associated with Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum infections.P. falciparum infection frequently causes acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI may be the sole manifestation with a complete recovery after treatment or it may be a part of multi-organ failure which is often fatal. AKI due to Plasmodium vivax infection alone or as a result of mixed infection by vivax and falciparum can also occur.‘Quartan malarial nephropathy’ has been attributed to P. malariae infection although this relationship must be regarded as not proven. It describes nephropathy occurring predominantly in children and young adults in Africa. A full-blown nephrotic syndrome is seen in about half the patients and a chronic progressive membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is usually seen on histology. Spontaneous remission of established nephropathy is rare, and most patients slowly progress to end-stage renal failure over 3 to 5 years even after successful eradication of the infection. The pathological description is such that it could have alternative aetiologies, including other infections.

scholarly journals Determinants of Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury: Clinical Predictors and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Emaad M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Faruk Turgut ◽  
Jitendra K. Gautam ◽  
Samir C. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
End Stage

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome characterized by rapid impairment of kidney function. The incidence of AKI and its severe form AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) has been increasing over the years. AKI etiology may be multifactorial and is substantially associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The outcome of AKI-D can vary from partial or complete recovery to transitioning to chronic kidney disease, end stage kidney disease, or even death. Predicting outcomes of patients with AKI is crucial as it may allow clinicians to guide policy regarding adequate management of this problem and offer the best long-term options to their patients in advance. In this manuscript, we will review the current evidence regarding the determinants of AKI outcomes, focusing on AKI-D.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Adults with Nephrotic Syndrome Due to Minimal Change Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3632
Author(s):  
Sophia Lionaki ◽  
Evangelos Mantios ◽  
Ioanna Tsoumbou ◽  
Smaragdi Marinaki ◽  
George Makris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Minimal Change Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Stage

Purpose: Minimal change disease (MCD) is considered a relatively benign glomerulopathy, as it rarely progresses to end-stage kidney disease. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of adults with MCD and identify potential risk factors for relapse. Patients & Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of adults with biopsy-proven MCD in terms of clinical features and treatment outcomes. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were recorded and predictors of relapse were analyzed using logistic regression multivariate analysis. Results: 59 patients with adult-onset primary MCD with nephrotic syndrome were included. Mean serum creatinine at diagnosis was 0.8 mg/dL (±2.5) and estimated GFR (eGFR) was 87 mL/min/1.73 m2 (±29.5). Mean serum albumin was 2.5 g/dL (±0.8) and 24 h proteinuria 6.8 g (±3.7). Microscopic hematuria was detected in 35 (58.5%) patients. 42 patients received prednisone alone, six patients received prednisone plus cyclophosphamide, five patients received prednisone plus cyclosporine, one patient received prednisone plus rituximab and five patients did not receive immunosuppression at all since they achieved spontaneous remission. During a mean follow up time of 34.7(22.1) months, 46.1% of patients experienced at least one episode of relapse. The mean age of patients who did not experience a relapse was significantly higher than that of patients who relapsed while relapsers had a significantly longer duration of 24 h proteinuria prior to biopsy compared to non-relapsers. Overall, 10% of patients experienced acute kidney injury while the mean eGFR at the end was 82 mL/min/1.73 m2 (±29.1) and one patient ended up in chronic dialysis. Overall, the proportion of non-relapsers, who experienced acute kidney injury (17%) was significantly higher than the one recorded among relapsers (0%).Conclusion: In this series of patients, almost 46% of adult-onset nephrotic MCD patients experienced a relapse, although their renal progression was rare. Younger onset age was an independent risk factor for relapse in adult-onset MCD patients.

Prognosis of acute kidney injury in dogs using RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage renal failure)-like criteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 168 (10) ◽  
pp. 264-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-J. Lee ◽  
C.-C. Chang ◽  
J. P.-W. Chan ◽  
W.-L. Hsu ◽  
K.-W. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
End Stage

scholarly journals Retrospective Study on Acute Kidney Injury among Cholera Patients in an Outbreak in Whitefield, Bengaluru

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Girish P Vakrani ◽  
Tanuja Nambakam
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Hypovolaemic Shock ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Secretory Diarrhoea ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

Introduction. Cholera is gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio cholerae. It presents with vomiting, severe secretory diarrhoea, and dehydration. It can cause severe complications with severe electrolyte imbalances and oligoanuric acute kidney injury due to acute tubular necrosis secondary to dehydration or infection itself. However, cholera presenting with significant proteinuria and acute kidney injury has not been reported. Hence, this study was conducted. Aims and Objectives. This aim of this study was to assess clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of AKI in cholera patients; to correlate proteinuria with AKI in cholera patients; and to compare cholera patients with normal kidney function and those with AKI. Material and Methods. It was a retrospective observational study involving patients with cholera. Information regarding cholera patients with acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and prognosis were collected. Results. Most of the patients had significant vomiting, moderate-to-severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and hypovolaemic shock. Cholera caused severe complications such as severe electrolyte imbalances including hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia, acute kidney injury, and proteinuria secondary to dehydration or infection. A surprising finding noted was the lack of significant association between the onset of acute kidney injury and usual risk factors such as hypovolaemic shock and dehydration. It was found that proteinuria had influenced the onset of acute kidney injury, but it did not influence recovery. As there was complete recovery in kidney function, none of the cases required kidney biopsy. There was no mortality noted. Conclusions. This study points towards the rare occurrence of proteinuria and acute kidney injury in Vibrio cholerae infection with spontaneous remission of kidney disease with appropriate therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the prognostic value of the risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage renal failure (RIFLE) criteria for acute kidney injury

Nephrology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE R PEREZ VALDIVIESO ◽  
MAIRA BES-RASTROLLO ◽  
PABLO MONEDERO ◽  
JOKIN DE IRALA ◽  
FRANCISCO J LAVILLA
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Rifle Criteria ◽  
End Stage

Renal outcomes of acute kidney injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Lameire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

This chapter summarizes the accumulating evidence that incomplete or even apparent complete recovery of renal function after acute kidney injury (AKI) may be an important contributor to a growing number of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cases, largely in excess of the global growth in CKD prevalence. Evidence based on epidemiologic studies supports the notion that even after adjustment for several important covariates AKI is independently associated with an increased risk for both CKD and ESRD. Several risk factors for the subsequent development of CKD among survivors of AKI have been identified. Besides well-known risk factors for CKD in general, such as hypertension, older age, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and proteinuria, AKIN staging and duration also predict longitudinal CKD development. These characteristics may identify a category of at-risk AKI patients at the time of hospital discharge that will need long follow-up times for appropriate screening and surveillance measures for CKD.

Renal emergencies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashis Banerjee ◽  
Clara Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Short Answer ◽  
Short Answer Question ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
End Stage

The Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) curriculum covers knowledge on the assessment and management of a patient presenting with oliguria which are commonly examined in the short-answer question (SAQ) paper. This chapter covers the definition, diagnosis, and management of an individual presenting with an acute kidney injury (AKI) in line with up-to-date national guidelines. A detained knowledge of the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury is not required; however, the key aspects are summarized in this chapter. In addition, a knowledge of end-stage renal failure and renal replacement therapy is required for the SAQ paper; this chapter covers the indications for renal replacement therapy and the associated complications.

scholarly journals Quantification and Dosing of Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury: A Reappraisal

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Clark ◽  
Martine Leblanc ◽  
Zaccaria Ricci ◽  
Claudio Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Dose Assessments ◽  
Solute Clearance

Background/Aims: Delivered dialysis therapy is routinely measured in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease; yet, the quantification of renal replacement prescription and delivery in acute kidney injury (AKI) is less established. While continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is widely understood to have greater solute clearance capabilities relative to intermittent therapies, neither urea nor any other solute is specifically employed for CRRT dose assessments in clinical practice at present. Instead, the normalized effluent rate is the gold standard for CRRT dosing, although this parameter does not provide an accurate estimation of actual solute clearance for different modalities. Methods: Because this situation has created confusion among clinicians, we reappraise dose prescription and delivery for CRRT. Results: A critical review of RRT quantification in AKI is provided. Conclusion: We propose an adaptation of a maintenance dialysis parameter (standard Kt/V) as a benchmark to supplement effluent-based dosing of CRRT. Video Journal Club “Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco” at http://www.karger.com/?doi=475457

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