scholarly journals WISDOM project – I. Black hole mass measurement using molecular gas kinematics in NGC 3665

2017 ◽  
Vol 468 (4) ◽  
pp. 4663-4674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Onishi ◽  
Satoru Iguchi ◽  
Timothy A. Davis ◽  
Martin Bureau ◽  
Michele Cappellari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Gas Kinematics

scholarly journals A black-hole mass measurement from molecular gas kinematics in NGC4526

Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 494 (7437) ◽  
pp. 328-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Davis ◽  
Martin Bureau ◽  
Michele Cappellari ◽  
Marc Sarzi ◽  
Leo Blitz
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Gas Kinematics

Black hole mass measurement in nearby galaxy using molecular gas dynamics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Onishi ◽  
Satoru Iguchi ◽  
Timothy Davis ◽  
Martin Bureau ◽  
Michele Cappellari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Nearby Galaxy ◽  
Black Hole Mass

scholarly journals Revealing the intermediate-mass black hole at the heart of the dwarf galaxy NGC 404 with sub-parsec resolution ALMA observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (4) ◽  
pp. 4061-4078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A Davis ◽  
Dieu D Nguyen ◽  
Anil C Seth ◽  
Jenny E Greene ◽  
Kristina Nyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
Elliptical Galaxy ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Stellar Kinematics ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Stellar Kinematic

ABSTRACT We estimate the mass of the intermediate-mass black hole at the heart of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 404 using Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) observations of the molecular interstellar medium at an unprecedented linear resolution of ≈0.5 pc, in combination with existing stellar kinematic information. These ALMA observations reveal a central disc/torus of molecular gas clearly rotating around the black hole. This disc is surrounded by a morphologically and kinematically complex flocculent distribution of molecular clouds, that we resolve in detail. Continuum emission is detected from the central parts of NGC 404, likely arising from the Rayleigh–Jeans tail of emission from dust around the nucleus, and potentially from dusty massive star-forming clumps at discrete locations in the disc. Several dynamical measurements of the black hole mass in this system have been made in the past, but they do not agree. We show here that both the observed molecular gas and stellar kinematics independently require a ≈5 × 105 M⊙ black hole once we include the contribution of the molecular gas to the potential. Our best estimate comes from the high-resolution molecular gas kinematics, suggesting the black hole mass of this system is 5.5$^{+4.1}_{-3.8}\times 10^5$ M⊙ (at the 99 per cent confidence level), in good agreement with our revised stellar kinematic measurement and broadly consistent with extrapolations from the black hole mass–velocity dispersion and black hole mass–bulge mass relations. This highlights the need to accurately determine the mass and distribution of each dynamically important component around intermediate-mass black holes when attempting to estimate their masses.

scholarly journals Testing the robustness of black hole mass measurements with ALMA and MUSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (S353) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Sabine Thater ◽  
Davor Krajnović ◽  
Dieu D. Nguyen ◽  
Satoru Iguchi ◽  
Peter M. Weilbacher
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Stellar Kinematics ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Massive Black Hole ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Black Hole Masses

AbstractWe present our ongoing work of using two independent tracers to estimate the supermassive black hole mass in the nearby early-type galaxy NGC 6958; namely integrated stellar and molecular gas kinematics. We used data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and the adaptive-optics assisted Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and constructed state-of-the-art dynamical models. The different methods provide black hole masses of (2.89±2.05)×108M⊙ from stellar kinematics and (1.35±0.09)×108M⊙ from molecular gas kinematics which are consistent within their 3σ uncertainties. Compared to recent MBH - σe scaling relations, we derive a slightly over-massive black hole. Our results also confirm previous findings that gas-based methods tend to provide lower black hole masses than stellar-based methods. More black hole mass measurements and an extensive analysis of the method-dependent systematics are needed in the future to understand this noticeable discrepancy.

scholarly journals The MBHBM⋆ Project. I. Measurement of the Central Black Hole Mass in Spiral Galaxy NGC 3504 Using Molecular Gas Kinematics

2020 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieu D. Nguyen ◽  
Mark den Brok ◽  
Anil C. Seth ◽  
Timothy A. Davis ◽  
Jenny E. Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Spiral Galaxy ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Central Black Hole ◽  
Gas Kinematics

scholarly journals WISDOM project – VII. Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in the elliptical galaxy NGC 7052

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (4) ◽  
pp. 5984-5996
Author(s):  
Mark D Smith ◽  
Martin Bureau ◽  
Timothy A Davis ◽  
Michele Cappellari ◽  
Lijie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Elliptical Galaxy ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Gas Measurement ◽  
Strong Gradient

ABSTRACT Supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses can be measured by resolving the dynamical influences of the SMBHs on tracers of the central potentials. Modern long-baseline interferometers have enabled the use of molecular gas as such a tracer. We present here Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the elliptical galaxy NGC 7052 at 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$11 ($37\,$pc) resolution in the 12CO(2-1) line and $1.3\,$ mm continuum emission. This resolution is sufficient to resolve the region in which the potential is dominated by the SMBH. We forward model these observations, using a multi-Gaussian expansion of a Hubble Space Telescope F814W image and a spatially constant mass-to-light ratio to model the stellar mass distribution. We infer an SMBH mass of $2.5\pm 0.3\times 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ and a stellar I-band mass-to-light ratio of $4.6\pm 0.2\, \mathrm{M_\odot /L_{\odot ,I}}$ (3σ confidence intervals). This SMBH mass is significantly larger than that derived using ionized gas kinematics, which however appears significantly more kinematically disturbed than the molecular gas. We also show that a central molecular gas deficit is likely to be the result of tidal disruption of molecular gas clouds due to the strong gradient in the central gravitational potential.

scholarly journals WISDOM Project – III. Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in the barred lenticular galaxy NGC4429

2017 ◽  
Vol 473 (3) ◽  
pp. 3818-3834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Davis ◽  
Martin Bureau ◽  
Kyoko Onishi ◽  
Freeke van de Voort ◽  
Michele Cappellari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Gas Measurement

scholarly journals WISDOM Project – II. Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in NGC 4697

2017 ◽  
Vol 468 (4) ◽  
pp. 4675-4690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Davis ◽  
Martin Bureau ◽  
Kyoko Onishi ◽  
Michele Cappellari ◽  
Satoru Iguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Gas Measurement

The Megamaser Cosmology Project − XII. VLBI imaging of H2O maser emission in three active galaxies and the effect of AGN winds on disc dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (2) ◽  
pp. 1609-1627
Author(s):  
C Y Kuo ◽  
J A Braatz ◽  
C M V Impellizzeri ◽  
F Gao ◽  
D Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Black Hole Masses

ABSTRACT We present very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images and kinematics of water maser emission in three active galaxies: NGC 5728, Mrk 1, and IRAS 08452–0011. IRAS 08452–0011, at a distance of ∼200 Mpc, is a triple-peaked H2O megamaser, consistent with a Keplerian rotating disc, indicating a black hole mass of (3.3$\pm 0.2)\times 10^{7}\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$. NGC 5728 and Mrk 1 display double-peaked spectra, and VLBI imaging reveals complicated gas kinematics that do not allow for a robust determination of black hole mass. We show evidence that the masers in NGC 5728 are in a wind while the Mrk 1 maser system has both disc and outflow components. We also find that disturbed morphology and kinematics are a ubiquitous feature of all double-peaked maser systems, implying that these maser sources may reside in environments where active galactic nucleus (AGN) winds are prominent at ∼1 pc scale and have significant impact on the masing gas. Such AGNs tend to have black hole masses $M_{\rm BH}\, \lt$ 8 × 106 M⊙ and Eddington ratios $\lambda _{\rm Edd}\, \gtrsim$ 0.1, while the triple-peaked megamasers show an opposite trend.

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