scholarly journals Time-dependent evolution of IgG antibody levels after first and second dose of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study

Author(s):  
Carla Santos-Araújo ◽  
Pedro Mota Veiga ◽  
Mário João Santos ◽  
Lidia Santos ◽  
Catarina Romãozinho ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Vaccination programs are essential for the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected hemodialysis populations especially hard. Early reports suggest a reduced immunologic response to SARS-Cov-2 vaccines in dialysis patients, in spite of a high degree of seroconversion. We aimed to identify risk factors for a reduced efficacy of an mRNA vaccine in a cohort of hemodialysis patients. Method In a multicenter study, including 294 Portuguese hemodialysis patients who had received 2 doses of BNT162b2 with a three week interval, IgG-class antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were determined 3 weeks after the first dose (M1) and 6 weeks after the second dose (M2). The threshold for seroconversion was 10UR/mL. Demographic and clinical data was retrieved from a quality registry. Adverse events were registered using a questionnaire. Results At M2, seroconversion was 93.1% with a median antibody level of 197.5U/mL (1.2–3237.0) and a median increase of 180.0U/mL (-82.9–2244.6) from M1. Age (beta -8.9; 95%CI: -12.88 to -4.91; P < 0.0001), ferritin > 600ng/mL (beta 183.93;  95%CI: 74.75 to 293.10; P = 0.001) and physical activity (beta 265.79; 95%CI: 30.7 to 500.88; P = 0.03) were independent predictors of SARS-Cov-2 antibody levels after two vaccine doses. Plasma albumin > 3.5g/dL independently predicted the increase of antibody levels between both doses (OR 14.72; 95%CI: 1.38 to 157.45; P = 0.03). Only mild adverse reactions were observed in 10.9% of patients. Conclusions The SARS-Cov-2 vaccine BNT162b2 is safe and effective in hemodialysis patients. Besides age, iron status and nutrition are possible modifiable modulators of the immunologic response to SARS-Cov-2 mRNA vaccines. This data suggests the need for an early identification of populations at higher risk for diminished antibody production and the potential advantage of the implementation of oriented strategies to maximize the immune response to vaccination in these patients.

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet A. Englund ◽  
Michael D. Decker ◽  
Kathryn M. Edwards ◽  
Michael E. Pichichero ◽  
Mark C. Steinhoff ◽  
...  

Objective. To compare the safety and immunogenicity of a variety of acellular (AC) and whole-cell (WC) pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Methods. Standard enrollment and reaction forms were used at five sites, and serologic evaluation was performed at a single site. Nine AC (Massachusetts Public Health Laboratories, Biocine Sclavo recombinant pertussis toxoid [PT], Connaught/BIKEN, Lederle three-component, Biocine Sclavo recombinant three-component, SmithKline Beecham three-component, Porton three-component, Takeda-Wyeth, and Connaught multicomponent), and three WC (Connaught Laboratoties, Lederle Laboratories, and Massachusetts Public Health Laboratories) were studied. All AC contained varying concentrations of PT; some vaccines also contamed filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin, and/or agglutinogens. Results. Two hundred forty children, aged 16 to 21 months and 4 to 6 years, were enrolled at five sites. Significantly less fever, redness, swelling, pain, limp, and use of pain medication were noted following AC compared with WC. Significant increases in antibody to PT were seen following all vaccines. Significant rises in FHA antibody were seen following all WC and the seven AC that contained FHA. Postbooster PT antibody levels were similar among the AC groups, regardless of the amount of PT administered (between 3.5 and 25 µg per dose). The dose of FHA did not affect PT antibody response. Infants primed with WC who were boosted with a monocomponent PT vaccine did not manifest a significant antibody response to FHA. Conclusion. The rate of adverse reactions was not a function of the number of antigens or the antigen quantity in the acellular vaccines, and antibody responses following AC were similar or better than antibody responses following WC. These results support the further evaluation of these vaccines in a larger National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-sponsored study in infants.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Takeuchi ◽  
Yukie Higa ◽  
Akina Esaki ◽  
Yosuke Nabeshima ◽  
Akemi Nakazono

Adverse reactions are more common after the second injection of messenger RNA vaccines such as Pfizer/BioNTech's BNT162b2. We hypothesized that the degree and severity of reactogenicity after the second injection reflects the magnitude of antibody production against the SARS CoV-2 virus spike protein (spike IgG). Blood samples were obtained from 67 healthy Japanese healthcare workers three weeks after the first injection and two weeks after the second injection of the BNT162b2 vaccine to measure spike IgG levels. Using questionnaires, we calculated an adverse event (AE) score (0-11) for each participant. The geometric mean of spike IgG titers increased from 1,047 antibody units (AU/mL) (95% CI: 855±1282 AU/mL) after the first injection to 17,378 AU/mL (14,622±20,663 AU/mL) after the second injection. The median AE score increased from 2 to 5. Spike IgG levels after the second injection were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with spike IgG after the first injection. AE scores after the second injection were not significantly associated with log-transformed spike IgG after the second injection, when adjusted for age, sex, and log-transformed spike IgG after the first injection. Although the sample size was relatively small, reactogenicity after the second injection may not accurately reflect antibody production.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eibhlin Goggins ◽  
Binu Sharma ◽  
Jennie Z. Ma ◽  
Jitendra Gautam ◽  
Brendan Bowman

AbstractDialysis patients are extremely vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection with high rates of hospitalization and mortality rates estimated at 20-30%. In January of 2021, the University of Virginia Dialysis Program initiated a program wide vaccination campaign administering Pfizer BioNTech mRNA SARS-CoV-2 (BNT162b2) vaccine. To characterize the time-dependent decline in humoral immunity, we performed a prospective cohort study measuring serial monthly semi quantitative IgG antibody levels to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain in fully vaccinated in-center hemodialysis patients. Measurements were taken beginning at 2 months post full vaccination through 6 months after full vaccination. Early results showed similar seroconversion rates as prior studies with 88% obtaining positive antibody levels. Those with prior infection obtained the highest antibody levels. Over the ensuing months, patient antibody levels declined at an adjusted average rate of 31% per month. At the conclusion of the study, 40% of patients remaining in the cohort possessed either negative or borderline IgG antibody levels. Projecting future antibody levels based on the slopes of antibody level decay suggests 65% of the cohort will progress to borderline or negative antibody levels at 10 months post full vaccination. In summary, we studied long term vaccine response following vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in hemodialysis patients. Our data adds to the limited pool of data in this patient population and will help to inform the discussion about vaccine booster needs and frequency.


Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Yoav Rechavi ◽  
Moshe Shashar ◽  
Jonathan Lellouche ◽  
Moshe Yana ◽  
Daniel Yakubovich ◽  
...  

Promoting SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been a global mission since the first vaccines were approved for emergency use. Alongside the excitement following the possibility of eradicating SARS-CoV-2 and ending the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been ample vaccine hesitancy, some due to the abundant reporting of adverse reactions. We report here that the occurrence of BNT162b2 vaccine adverse reactions is associated with enhanced antibody response. We found a statistically significant correlation between having an adverse reaction, whether local or systemic, and higher antibody levels. No sex difference was observed in antibody levels. However, as was recently reported, the antibody response was found to be lower among older vaccinees. The demonstration of a clear correlation between adverse reactions and antibody levels may help reduce vaccination hesitancy by reassuring that the presence of such reactions is an indication of a well-functioning immune system.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257668
Author(s):  
Masaaki Takeuchi ◽  
Yukie Higa ◽  
Akina Esaki ◽  
Yosuke Nabeshima ◽  
Akemi Nakazono

Background Adverse reactions are more common after the second injection of messenger RNA vaccines such as Pfizer/BioNTech’s BNT162b2. We hypothesized that the degree and severity of reactogenicity after the second injection reflects the magnitude of antibody production against the SARS CoV-2 virus spike protein (spike IgG). Methods and results Blood samples were obtained from 67 Japanese healthcare workers three weeks after the first injection and two weeks after the second injection of the BNT162b2 vaccine to measure spike IgG levels. Using questionnaires, we calculated an adverse event (AE) score (0–11) for each participant. The geometric mean of spike IgG titers increased from 1,047 antibody units (AU/mL) (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 855–1282 AU/mL) after the first injection to 17,378 AU/mL (95% CI: 14,622–20,663 AU/mL) after the second injection. The median AE score increased from 2 to 5. Spike IgG levels after the second injection were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with spike IgG after the first injection. AE scores after the second injection were not significantly associated with log-transformed spike IgG after the second injection, when adjusted for age, sex, AE score after the first injection, and log-transformed spike IgG after the first injection. Conclusions Although the sample size was relatively small, reactogenicity after the second injection may not accurately reflect antibody production.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Minna M. Hankaniemi ◽  
Mo A. Baikoghli ◽  
Virginia M. Stone ◽  
Li Xing ◽  
Outi Väätäinen ◽  
...  

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) enteroviruses are common pathogens that can cause acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, aseptic meningitis, and they are hypothesized to be a causal factor in type 1 diabetes. The licensed enterovirus vaccines and those currently in clinical development are traditional inactivated or live attenuated vaccines. Even though these vaccines work well in the prevention of enterovirus diseases, new vaccine technologies, like virus-like particles (VLPs), can offer important advantages in the manufacturing and epitope engineering. We have previously produced VLPs for CVB3 and CVB1 in insect cells. Here, we describe the production of CVB3-VLPs with enhanced production yield and purity using an improved purification method consisting of tangential flow filtration and ion exchange chromatography, which is compatible with industrial scale production. We also resolved the CVB3-VLP structure by Cryo-Electron Microscopy imaging and single particle reconstruction. The VLP diameter is 30.9 nm on average, and it is similar to Coxsackievirus A VLPs and the expanded enterovirus cell-entry intermediate (the 135s particle), which is ~2 nm larger than the mature virion. High neutralizing and total IgG antibody levels, the latter being a predominantly Th2 type (IgG1) phenotype, were detected in C57BL/6J mice immunized with non-adjuvanted CVB3-VLP vaccine. The structural and immunogenic data presented here indicate the potential of this improved methodology to produce highly immunogenic enterovirus VLP-vaccines in the future.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document