Eastern White Pine Cone and Seed Maturity in the Southern Appalachians

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
James P. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
Collection Period

Abstract Tests over a 4-year period with eastern white pine in western North Carolina indicated that cone and seed maturity could not be accurately determined by specific gravity, but cone moisture content appeared to be directly related to both. A moisture content of 200% (dry weight basis) indicated maturity of both cones and seeds. After-ripening of cones for 4 weeks improved both seed yield and quality. Moist cone storage was helpful only if immature cones were collected. Dry cone storage provided seeds of high viability over the entire collection period. North. J. Appl. For. 5:172-176, Sept. 1988.

scholarly journals Budset and Growth of Eastern White Pine Following Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine to Seedlings Fertilized with Different Levels of Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Robert D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Levels

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were potted and solution fed once weekly during 2 growing seasons with 5 levels of N in the irrigation water: 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Leaders were treated with 750 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in late June of the first year. The higher N levels resulted in greater stem diameter, greater foliage dry weight, longer and heavier needle fascicles, better foliage color, greater budset after application of BA, and more and longer branches on the BA-treated leader the second growing season. BA should be applied to trees with N concentration ≥ 1.5% in one-year-old foliage.

Clonal response of eastern white pine to low doses of O3, SO2, and NO2, singly and in combination

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw-Shing Yang ◽  
John M. Skelly ◽  
Boris I. Chevone
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Response Parameter ◽  
Plant Sensitivity ◽  
Single Response ◽  
General Response

Eight clones of eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) in three pollutant sensitivity groups (sensitive, intermediate, and tolerant) were exposed to 0.05 or 0.10 μL/L of ozone, sulfur dioxide, and (or) nitrogen dioxide 4 h daily for 35 consecutive days. Visible symptoms, length, and dry weight of 1st-year needles were determined to evaluate clonal response to these pollutants. A general response within sensitivity groups to all three pollutants, singly and in combination, was not observed. The sensitivity of the clones was dependent on the type of pollutant, its concentration, and the plant response used as the indexing factor. The amount of area injured was categorically differentiable among the three sensitivity groups but varied within the same group. Needle length was an inconclusive measure of clonal pollutant sensitivity, whereas needle dry weight was the parameter best associated with clonal pollutant sensitivity. These results demonstrate that a single response parameter is of limited value in determining plant sensitivity to air pollutants.

scholarly journals Drying and Rehydration of Atlantic White Cedar, Arizona Cypress, Eastern White Pine, Leyland Cypress and Virginia Pine Christmas Trees

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1252-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Layne K. Snelling
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Atlantic White Cedar ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica

Drying and rehydration characteristics were measured for Atlantic white cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.], Arizona cypress [Cupressus arizonica var. glabra `Carolina Sapphire' (Sudworth) Little], Leyland cypress [× Cupressocyparis leylandii (A. B. Jacks. & Dallim.)], Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana L.), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) Christmas trees. Species varied in drying rate, loss of mass during display, water use after rehydration, the relationship between moisture content and xylem water potential (Ψ), and keeping quality. Leyland cypress and Arizona cypress rehydrated from Ψ values as low as –5.0 MPa, and remained in good condition after rehydration. The critical moisture content for Virginia pine and white pine was between –2.5 and –3.0 MPa. The ability of Atlantic white cedar to rehydrate decreased quickly with time out of water, and water consumption dropped sharply within a few days after placement in water. Change in fresh mass varied from +1% for Arizona cypress to –29% for Atlantic white cedar. Keeping quality of Virginia pine was poor, even for trees that were placed in water the day of cutting.

Effects of Deicing Salt on Eastern White Pine: Foliar Injury, Growth Suppression and Seasonal Changes in Foliar Concentrations of Sodium and Chloride

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hall ◽  
G. Hofstra ◽  
G. P. Lumis
Keyword(s):  
Salt Spray ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Effects of deicing salt on eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) were studied in the field and in the laboratory. Studies in controlled temperature chambers showed that solutions of deicing salt sprayed onto 4-year-old trees induced symptoms of foliar browning similar to those observed on trees growing near highways. Symptoms developed at 15 °C but not at 1.5 °C. The amount of injury that developed after 3 weeks at 15 °C appeared to be directly related to the concentration of sodium and chloride in the leaf tissue. Repeated sampling of foliage from trees adjacent to highway 401 between May 1970 and May 1971 revealed that foliar concentrations of sodium and chloride declined from abnormally high values (up to 1%) in May to 'normal' levels (0.02–0.1%) by August. The rate of loss was proportional to the foliar concentration of these ions. Growth of these trees, measured as bud weight, needle length, needle dry weight, needle bundles per leader, and leaf length, was suppressed on the side of trees exposed to the highway, but this suppression diminished as distance from the highway increased. Annual radial increments to the trunk were appreciably smaller in trees close to the highway than in trees further away. These results support the concept that deicing salt spray injures leaves and reduces growth of eastern white pine growing adjacent to highways that receive deicing salt in the winter.

Fungi associated with seeds of eastern white pine and white spruce during cone processing and seed extraction

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1026-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Mittal ◽  
B. S. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Seed Conditioning

Using standard moist-blotter and potato-dextrose-agar tests, 13 species of fungi were isolated from seeds and cone scales of Pinusstrobus and 17 species from Piceaglauca. Most fungi were common to both hosts but varied considerably in prevalence on seeds during cone processing and seed extraction. Alternariaalternata, Aureobasidiumpullulans, Cladosporiumcladosporoides, C. herbarum, Fusariumsporotrichioides, Mucorhiemalis, Penicilliumaurantiogriseum, and Rhizopusnigricans were associated with more seeds than other species identified. In closed cones on trees the seeds were usually free from fungi that developed and spread during cone processing and seed extraction. Seeds extracted from cones that were kept on the forest floor showed more fungal contamination than those brought to the laboratory immediately after collection. Seed moisture content gradually decreased, while germination increased between cone collection and final seed conditioning.

scholarly journals Determining the impact of sensor orientation on moisture content measurements in eastern white pine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
B Daouk ◽  
C Baldwin ◽  
C A Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Sensor Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Resistance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As buildings become more airtight and insulated, the movement and accumulation of moisture within building envelopes become paramount in determining its resiliency. Current methods for quantifying the moisture content (MC) of wood species involve the measurement of electrical resistance between two installed electrodes and the use of existing empirical correlations to evaluate the MC. However, these correlations do not adequately consider the impact of sensor orientation within wall assemblies. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of MC readings within a wood sample due to sensor orientation. A total of 126 eastern white pine samples were tested with electrodes placed along the grain of the wood (longitudinal), across the grain of the wood (tangential), and in a diamond pattern, using six different fasteners as electrodes. The samples were placed in a controlled environmental chamber until steady state was achieved at approximately 18% MC. Electrical resistances of the samples were measured in both directions at temperatures ranging from -10°C to 40°C. It was found that the tangential-to-longitudinal resistance ratio is 1.1-1.35 depending on the electrode type.

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