Language and Categorization

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-255
Author(s):  
Zira Hichy ◽  
Graziella Di Marco
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Informal Communication ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Bias Model ◽  
Linguistic Intergroup Bias ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Biased Language

This chapter is focussed on linguistic bias in intergroup relations. It is based on the linguistic intergroup bias model, according to which people use different words for describing people and their behaviour on the basis of group membership. In particular, they attribute positive behaviours of ingroup members and negative behaviours of outgroup members to stable enduring characteristics, while attributing negative behaviours of ingroup members and positive behaviours of outgroup members to transitory characteristics dependent on situation or context. This kind of linguistic bias may occur not only in informal communication but also in the mass media, where it can reinforce positive or negative social stereotypes without viewers or readers necessarily being aware how this process is taking place. The chapter concludes that recognizing and limiting the use of such biased language is an important component in producing quality journalism.

Effects of Linguistic Abstractness in the Mass Media

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Geschke ◽  
Kai Sassenberg ◽  
Georg Ruhrmann ◽  
Denise Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Linguistic Intergroup Bias ◽  
The Mass Media

Media coverage contributes to the perpetuation of stereotypes and prejudice. So far, research has focused on biased content rather than style in reporting about minorities. One such stylistic dimension is the so-called linguistic intergroup bias: The tendency to describe positive behavior of members of one’s own group and negative behavior of other groups’ members in a more abstract way (compared to the same behavior of the respective other group). Recipients of communication biased in this way judge the described individuals in line with abstract descriptions (i.e., own-group members more positively than members of other groups). The current study demonstrates that linguistically biased news reports about minorities lead to higher levels of prejudice. Hence, media coverage does not only affect attitudes about minorities by what is reported, but also by how it is presented.

Social Identity and the Linguistic Intergroup Bias: Exploring the Role of Ethnic Identification in the Context of Intergroup Relations Between Hong Kong and Mainland China

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Linguistic Intergroup Bias

Two survey experiments examined how linguistic intergroup bias (LIB) varies according to ethnic identification within a homogenous ethnic group (Hong Kong citizens). Study 1 showed that Hong Kong citizens who identified as “Hongkonger” used more abstract expressions to describe prosocial behaviors of the in-group (Hong Kong citizen) and antisocial behaviors of the out-group (Mainland Chinese); those who identified as “Chinese” exhibited less LIB. Study 2 found similar results for a context based on location of behaviour (in Hong Kong vs. in China) rather than the nationality of the protagonist. The combined evidence suggests that LIB can have an important intragroup as well as intergroup dimension.

When objective group membership and subjective ethnic identification don’t align: How identification shapes intergroup bias through self-enhancement and perceived threat

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Ching Lee ◽  
Jenny C. Su ◽  
Peter H. Gries ◽  
Frank C. S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collective Self Esteem ◽  
Status Differences

When objective group membership and subjective ethnic identification don’t align, which has a greater impact on how people feel towards the groups they affiliate with, and why? Deprived of many distinctiveness markers typically found in intergroup relations (e.g., physical features, obvious status differences), Taiwanese society provides a perfect natural context to explore the impact of objective group membership (Taiwanese nationality) versus subjective ethnic identification (Taiwanese or Chinese) on intergroup bias. Results from representative telephone ( N = 1,060) and Internet ( N = 500) surveys demonstrated that even among participants with no visible distinctiveness markers or differences in social status, subjective ethnic identification contributed to intergroup bias in favor of Taiwanese over Chinese Mainlanders (main effect). Both self-enhancement (collective self-esteem as Taiwanese) and perceived threat from Chinese Mainlanders helped account for this finding (mediation effects). Implications for intergroup relations are discussed.

ANALISIS BERITA POLITIK PADA SURAT KABAR HARIAN (SKH) KEDAULATAN RAKYAT TENTANG PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI DI ERA PEMERINTAHAN JOKOWI-JK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Ririn Risnawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Political News ◽  
Local Mass ◽  
News Analysis ◽  
The Mass Media

This study examines the Political News Analysis of the Sovereignty of the People's Sovereignty on Eradicating Corruption as the Independence of the Mass Media in Proclaiming the Performance of the Jokowi-JK Government which focuses on 1 year of its administration (20 October 2014 October 20 2015). This research is based on two things, namely: first, how is the analysis of the political news regarding Corruption Eradication in the local mass media (Kedaulatan Rakyat) in reporting on the performance of the Jokowi-JK government; second, how the independence of the local mass media in reporting on the performance of the Jokowi-JK government in the area of ??corruption eradication. Media independence is seen from the method of Qualitative Approach with Critical Paradigm namely Critical Discourse Analysis; using Teun A. van Dijk's Model Analysis of text production involving aspects of cognition and social context.  The production of text in the political news regarding the Eradication of Corruption in Judging the Performance of the Jokowi-JK Government presented by the Kedaulatan Rakyat SKH is a strong text structure. The Kedaulatan Rakyat Daily Newspaper is able to provide detailed Semantic Structure and more coherent relationships between words / sentences. In addition, the Kedaulatan Rakyat Daily Newspaper minimizes graphics and metaphor as rhetorical elements so as to be able to present more real and factual news. starting from text, social cognition and social context. The news on SKH Kedaulatan Rakyat is able to present the factual news objectivity in accordance with the truth and relevance. Not only that, the objectivity of the news about justice is able to be fulfilled by the People's Sovereignty SKH by presenting balanced news and explaining it more neutral without the support of the mass media. Keywords: Political News, Independence, Mass Media, Eradication of Corruption

The De-legitimization of General Jaruzelski's Government by Official Mass Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Indira Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Media Reporting ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Criticism

In this article, I present the results of an analysis of print media reporting on the spectacular trial in 1984 against the murderers of Jerzy Popiełuszko in communist Poland. The aim of my research is to show how the coverage contributed to the de-legitimization of the Communist Party despite the mass media system's tight structures of control. Because of mass media functionality, the coverage of this event contributed to political transformation not only by publicizing a hitherto tabooed topic but also by establishing an initial point for informed public criticism of the government.

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