The unrealized and the unheard

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Ash Asudeh
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Null Subjects ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Glue Semantics ◽  
The Way

There are numerous well-known cases where syntactic theory has posited a phonologically null, unrealized/unheard morphosyntactic element. Examples include: null subjects, whether in so-called ‘pro-drop’ or as the target of equi control/raising; dropped arguments, as in non-transitive uses of semantically bivalent verbs (e.g., ‘eat’), or dropped operators, as in bare relatives; morphologically zero-marked diathesis, as demonstrated by inchoatives and inchoative-like verbs; and exceptional constituency associated with particular interpretations, as in so-called ‘constructions’, like the ‘way’-construction. This chapter first argues that null morphosyntactic elements are not necessarily precluded by LFG theory, but that they can be dispensed with, since a unified, general theory of the unrealized and the unheard is offered by templates and Glue Semantics.

Flat functors and classifying toposes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Caramello
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Geometric Theory ◽  
Small Category ◽  
Independent Interest ◽  
Yoneda Lemma ◽  
Geometric Morphisms ◽  
The Way

This chapter develops a general theory of extensions of flat functors along geometric morphisms of toposes; the attention is focused in particular on geometric morphisms between presheaf toposes induced by embeddings of categories and on geometric morphisms to the classifying topos of a geometric theory induced by a small category of set-based models of the latter. A number of general results of independent interest are established on the way, including developments on colimits of internal diagrams in toposes and a way of representing flat functors by using a suitable internalized version of the Yoneda lemma. These general results will be instrumental for establishing in Chapter 6 the main theorem characterizing the class of geometric theories classified by a presheaf topos and for applying it.

Story Structure

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-108
Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
The Way

The second chapter of Style in Narrative illustrates and extends the general theory developed in chapter 1. Specifically, it addresses the level of story structure and the scope of an authorial canon. In connection with this, it considers William Shakespeare’s complex relation to genre, examining the way in which he thoroughly integrates genres, rather than simply adding storylines with different genre affiliations. The presence of such integration in Shakespeare’s works has frequently been noted, but critics have rarely sought to explain it in detail. In order to explore the topic more thoroughly, the chapter focuses on two plays, Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. To clarify what is specifically Shakespearean in these works, Hogan examines the former in relation to Shakespeare’s sources for the play and the latter in relation to a precursor revenge drama, Thomas Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy.

scholarly journals Massively Parallel Searching for Better Algorithms or How to Do a Cross Product with Five Multiplications

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
John Gustafson ◽  
Srinivas Aluru
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Complex Number ◽  
Cross Product ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Matrix Product ◽  
Massive Parallelism ◽  
The Way

A number of "tricks" are known that trade multiplications for additions. The term "tricks" reflects the way these methods seem not to proceed from any general theory, but instead jump into existence as recipes that work. The Strassen method for 2 × 2 matrix product with seven multiplications is a well-known example, as is the method for finding a complex number product in three multiplications. We have created a practical computer program for finding such tricks automatically, where massive parallelism makes the combinatorially explosive search tolerable for small problems. One result of this program is a method for cross products of three-vectors that requires only five multiplications.

The ‘political’ and the ‘legal’: comments on Professor Tushnet’s paper

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Sands
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
The Political ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Emergency Powers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This comment responds to a central issue posed by Professor Tushnet as to the way in which democracies control the exercise of emergency powers. Sands believes that ‘law’ and ‘politics’ are not mutually exclusive, and that the relationship between them suggests that a general theory on the interplay of political and legal factors in controlling the exercise of emergency powers remains elusive.

scholarly journals Hoops and Barns: a new dilemma for Sosa

Synthese ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 197 (12) ◽  
pp. 5187-5202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kelp ◽  
Cameron Boult ◽  
Fernando Broncano-Berrocal ◽  
Paul Dimmock ◽  
Harmen Ghijsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Virtue Epistemology ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Rescue Mission ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Apt Belief ◽  
The Way ◽  
A Performance

AbstractThis paper critically assesses Sosa’s normative framework for performances as well as its application to epistemology. We first develop a problem for one of Sosa’s central theses in the general theory of performance normativity according to which performances attain fully desirable status if and only if they are fully apt. More specifically, we argue that given Sosa’s account of full aptness according to which a performance is fully apt only if safe from failure, this thesis can’t be true. We then embark on a rescue mission on behalf of Sosa and work towards a weakened account of full aptness. The key idea is to countenance a distinction between negligible and non-negligible types of risk and to develop an account of full aptness according to which even performances that are endangered by risk can be fully apt, so long as the risk is of a negligible type. While this alternative account of full aptness solves the problem we developed for Sosa earlier on, there is also bad news for Sosa. When applied to epistemology, the envisaged treatment of barn façade cases as cases in which the agent falls short of fully apt belief will no longer work. We show that, as a result, Sosa faces a new version of a familiar dilemma for virtue epistemology. Either he construes full aptness as strong enough to get barn façade cases right in which case his view will run right into the problem we develop. Or else he construes full aptness as weak enough to avoid this problem but then he will not be able to deal with barn façade cases in the way envisaged.

Eckstein and the Study of Private Governments

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-463
Author(s):  
RONALD ROGOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Authority ◽  
Authority Relations ◽  
The Way ◽  
Capitalist Firms ◽  
Authority Structures

Harry Eckstein's Theory of Stable Democracy briefly revolutionized thinking about authority structures in nongovernmental organizations but has left little lasting mark. Indeed, the theory failed as an account of stable democracy but, by emphasizing correctly the commonalities between public and private authority, it pointed the way to a general theory of authority in organizations. Such a theory is now emerging, chiefly from work on authority in capitalist firms. It is time for students of politics again to look beyond the state, as Eckstein argued, to the much wider universe of authority relations.

scholarly journals Insights on deflation theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-357
Author(s):  
ANGEL ASENSIO
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Consistent Theory ◽  
Fundamental Uncertainty ◽  
Competitive Forces ◽  
Debt Deflation ◽  
Keynes General Theory ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT Irving Fisher offered a ‘tentative’ debt-deflation theory of great depressions rather than a fully consistent theory of his ‘creed’: “I say ‘creed’ because, for brevity, it is purposely expressed dogmatically and without proof. [...] it is quite tentative” (Fisher 1933, p. 337). The paper argues that prominent authors who strived to explain his ideas within the Walrasian apparatus could not deliver a consistent theory of deflation with protracted depression. This is basically because destabilizing market forces cannot dominate in that conceptual framework. By contrast, owing to the way competitive forces operate under fundamental uncertainty, Keynes’ General Theory escapes the contradiction.

scholarly journals A general theory of age-length keys: combining the forward and inverse keys to estimate age composition from incomplete data

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1515-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa E Ailloud ◽  
John M Hoenig
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Age Determinations ◽  
The Way

Abstract There are two approaches to estimating age composition from a large number of length observations and a limited number of age determinations: the forward and the inverse age-length keys. The forward key looks at the distribution of age within each length bin while the inverse key looks at the distribution of length at each age. The former is more precise but has stringent requirements for the way data are collected. The latter approach is more widely applicable. We review the theory of the two keys with particular attention to necessary assumptions and the restrictions on when the methods are applicable. We show it is possible to combine the two approaches into a combined forward-inverse age-length key. This approach can be used to estimate age composition in several years simultaneously. It takes advantage of the efficiency of the forward key in years when that is appropriate, applies the inverse key to years with no age data, and uses a blending of the two approaches for years with moderate amounts of age data.

The Theory Arsenal: The Cambridge Circus and the Origins of the Keynesian Revolution

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Aslanbeigui ◽  
Guy Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
George Bernard Shaw ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Bernard Shaw ◽  
The Way

In the winter of 1934–35, when John Maynard Keynes was beginning to circulate proofs of The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, he indulged in a playful exchange of letters with George Bernard Shaw devoted mainly to the merits of Karl Marx as an economist. At the end of his letter of January 1, 1935, Keynes's observations took a more serious turn, documenting fundamental changes in his theoretical ambitions following the publication of his Treatise on Money in 1930: “To understand my state of mind, however, you have to know that I believe myself to be writing a book on economic theory which will largely revolutionize—not, I suppose, at once but in the course of the next ten years—the way the world thinks about economic problems” (Keynes 1973a, p. 492).

John Braithwaite and Crime, Shame and Reintegration: Some Reflections on Theory and Criminology

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Watts
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Good Society ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Republican Theory ◽  
The Way

John Braithwaite's ‘republican theory of criminology’ (1989) claims to offer a new general theory of crime, an account of ‘the good society’ and a set of policy prescriptions for effective crime control. Along the way he has spelt out a moral theory grounded in communitarianism, and refined his own version of a ‘progressive’ politics. This paper examines two central aspects of Braithwaite's work. Given Braithwaite's claim to say why ‘some kinds of individuals and some kinds of societies exhibit more crime’, the paper suggests his answers to this question and the adequacy of his notion of good social science are severely wanting. Braithwaite's claim to be offering a theory of the moral shares with the Durkheimian tradition he draws on, a refusal of the moral. The contemporary praise accorded Braithwaite's work is a sign both of intellectual desperation and of a pervasive nostalgia for a return to ‘community’ exemplified in the work of communitarians like Macintyre (1981) and Bellah (1985).

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