Information and communication

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Schenck ◽  
Peter Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Good Question ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
World Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Definition Of Information

The central theme of this book is the representation of information in a formal and precise manner. We therefore have to try and describe what information is before we can go on and talk about its representation. Also, we need to indicate why we want to utilize a formal means of representation. We are all experts in the subject of information — we use it every day. Unfortunately, information is an intangible and it is difficult to talk about intangibles; most of the time we do not even think about such matters but rest comfortably with an intuitive feel for such things. Good question! According to Webster’s, information is, among other things, 1: The communication of or reception of knowledge or intelligence 2a: Knowledge obtained from investigation, study or instruction 2b: The attribute inherent in and communicated by one or two or more alternating sequences or arrangements of something (as nucleotides in DNA or binary digits in a computer program) that produces specific effects 2c: A signal or character (as in a communication system or computer) representing data. From the same source, we learn that data is Factual information (as measurements or statistics) used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation. The salient words that we are concerned with are knowledge, communication and data. In general we are concerned about information in the real world. To make matters more precise, we introduce our own definition of information. Definition 1 Information is knowledge of ideas, facts and/or processes. Information can be communicated, that is it may be transferred between two or more partners. (Strictly speaking, as the producer and user of information may be one and the same, only a single ‘partner’ may be involved.) This may be done in real time or there may be a delay between one partner sending the information and another receiving it. For example, the authors wrote this document long before anyone else read it. Consequently, information storage is just a special case of communication. The ultimate goal in information modeling is to formulate descriptions of real world information so that it may be processed and communicated efficiently without any knowledge of its source and without making any assumptions.

INTERPRETATION IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES EDUCATION: PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Vera B. Tsarcova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Real World ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Foreign Language Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Personal Meanings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Educational Potential

The article is devoted to one of the problems of foreign language education – the definition of the role of interpretation in preparing students of special (language) directions to participate in the dialogue of cultures. Interpretation is considered as a phenomenon and as a way of comprehending reality, which allows the subjects of the dialogue of cultures to reach mutual understanding. The main characteristic of interpretation, which is necessary for the purposes of foreign language education, is its psychological character. It is determined by the psychology of the author, the psychology of the work, as well as the psychology of the reader-interpreter. It is proved that the interpretation of a work of art, which has universal, historical and personal plans, has huge epistemological and axiological possibilities. They activate the entire educational potential of interperetation (educational, developmental, cognitive, and educational). Russian Russian poet A. A. Fet (1820–1892) uses the poem “Wir saßen am Fischerhaus” by the famous German poet and publicist Heinrich Hein (1797–1856) and the translation of this poem into Russian to illustrate the interpretation technology. The poem is considered as a space of personal meanings of the author. They are the ones that are subject to interpretation and bring the reader-interpreter back from the poet's world to the modern real world. And the real world is full of unexpected cultural facts, closely related to the content of the work of G. Heine, with distant Lapland and the life of modern lapps. Thus, interpretation is presented as an educational strategy. Together with the strategies of contextualization, philologization and argumentation, it ensures the achievement of the main goal of foreign language education – the creation of an individual who can act as a genuine subject of the dialogue of cultures. The article also emphasizes the importance of the teacher as the organizer of the educational process and the subject of the dialogue of cultures.

scholarly journals Motives for participation in the sharing economy – evidence from Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginija Grybaitė ◽  
Jelena Stankevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Information and communication technologies enable the emergence of a new phenomenon called the “sharing economy”. An increasing number of articles in the media as well as debates about the positive and negative aspects of the sharing economy show a growing interest in the subject. The paper aims to review the different approaches to the definition of the sharing economy and to present the authors’ views on the concept. The reviewed literature reveals the main drivers for participating in the sharing economy. A survey was conducted to learn more about the motives of Lithuanian people participating in this concept. The survey reveals the following leading factors of using the sharing economy platforms: an easy way to make extra money; supporting individuals and/or small/independent companies; meeting new people and having an interesting experience/doing something most people haven’t tried yet. The survey also reveals that most of the respondents prefer to own things rather than share them. Despite the widespread popularity of the sharing economy platforms in the world, this phenomenon is in its infancy in Lithuania.

scholarly journals Pemanfataan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) dalam Pembelajaran Matematika

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
In In Supianti
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Definition Of Information

UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING. The aims of this study are (1) to explain the definition of Information and Communication Technology (ICT); (2) to explain the importance of ICT used in Mathematics Learning; (3) to describe how much ICT used in Mathematics Learning in indoensia; (4) to elaborate the positive and negative effects of implementing ICT used in Mathematics learning. The methods used are literature review and description of interviews to educators and learners in the field of mathematics education. Information and Communication Technology is an electronic equipment consisting of hardware and software as well as any activities related to processing, manipulation, management, and transfer of information between media. It has has a function to produce quality and communicative information. In Indonesia, the use of Information and Communication Technology is still in integrating level, shown by the use of technology in learning. The utilization of information technology, in addition to efforts to overcome the technical problems of learning as a learning medium, as well as an effort to answer the substantial problem of learning as a source of teaching and encourage computer literacy acceleration in Indonesian society.

scholarly journals Tasks and powers of the National police of Ukraine in ensuring information security of the state

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Vitalii Makarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Definition Of Information ◽  
National Police

The purpose of the article is to examine the role of the National Police of Ukraine in ensuring the information security of Ukraine. The subject of the study: The subject of the study is the competence of the National Police of Ukraine in ensuring the information security of Ukraine. Methodology: Dialectical method, epistemological method, analytical method, formal and legal method, normative and dogmatic method, the methods of legal modeling and forecasting were used in the research. The results of the study: The definition of “information security” and “cyber security” is provided. The main factors that negatively affect the information space in Ukraine, as well as current threats to Ukraine’s national security in the information sphere are identified. Practical implications: It is established that the number of crimes in the information sphere is growing every year. In this regard, the task of the National Police is to combat crimes and other offenses in this area, as well as to protect relevant rights and freedoms of citizens, society and the State. Value/originality: The tasks and powers in the area of information security protection of the National Police in general and the Department of Cyber Security, in particular, are defined.

Business Rules in Databases

2005 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Antonio Badia
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Database Systems ◽  
Business Rules ◽  
Business Rule ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Definition Of Information ◽  
Exact Definition

Though informal, the concept of business rule is very important to the modeling and definition of information systems. Business rules are used to express many different aspects of the representation, manipulation and processing of data (Paton, 1999). However, perhaps due to its informal nature, business rules have been the subject of a limited body of research in academia. There is little agreement on the exact definition of business rule, on how to capture business rules in requirements specification (the most common conceptual models, entity-relationship and UML, have no proviso for capturing business rules), and, if captured at all, on how to express rules in database systems. Usually, business rules are implemented as triggers in relational databases. However, the concept of business rule is more versatile and may require the use of other tools.

Information and Communication Technology and Language Education

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Definition Of Information

This chapter introduces the definition of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its concise history along the development of three generations of computers from 1940s to now. It then summarizes the influence of ICT on language education in general. Standalone computer software facilitates the knowledge and skills acquirement and transformation in language learning, including vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, listening, and speaking, and boosts motivation and interest. The Internet and mobile technology supply not only unlimited resources and practice opportunities but also authentic communication via text or speech for language learners worldwide. Intelligent computer-assisted language learning programs can analyze the learners' text and speech syntactically and semantically, formulate corresponding responses, and provide comprehensive language resources and support. It is equally important to realize that language learning can improve the learner's information literacy, including the knowledge and skill to acquire and apply ICT in daily life, learning, and work.

scholarly journals Problems of CIT application in distant foreign language and professional communication teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 12161
Author(s):  
Tatiana Koshel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Definition Of Information ◽  
The University ◽  
Teaching Professional

The article examines higher education at the stage of transformational processes of transition to the global educational space. The importance of the discipline of a foreign language, as a means of intercultural, scientific and academic interaction in a given space is emphasized. The issues of the introduction of information and communication technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language are considered. The main regulatory documents in this area are considered. The definition of information and communication technologies as applied to the process of teaching a foreign language is given. Educational online platforms for teaching professional communication in a foreign language have been analyzed. The importance of interaction between the university and secondary school in the formation of a consistent trajectory of teaching a foreign language and professional communication in a foreign language is emphasized. Problems on the way of digitalization of the educational process are identified and solutions are proposed.

scholarly journals ISSUES OF DETERMINING THE CONTEXT OF RESTRICTED INFORMATION SECURITY

10.23856/4621 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
Dmytro Kots ◽  
Maksym Kudrytskyi ◽  
Valentyna Dolia
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Properties Of Information

The article analyzes the problematic issues of determining the content of the concept of protection of restricted information, in particular, the authors analyze the existing terminology used by the legislation of Ukraine on the protection of restricted information. The authors of the article, based on existing legislation regulating such information storage measures as information protection, technical protection of information, cryptographic protection of information, cyber protection, using the deductive method of research derived the definition of “protection of restricted information”. In addition, using various scientific research methods, the authors of the article highlight the issues of legal uncertainty and contradictions in the concepts of some types of restricted information protection, which are found in the guidance documents on the subject of research. Also, in the article: the properties of information are derived and the types of operations with information are determined. This took into account the understanding of the concept of “restricted information”, which was defined by one of the authors in his previous work; the idea of the content of protection of restricted information is summarized, and also each of properties of the information which make the content of its protection is investigated.

A New Concept of Information Based on Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle and Its Experimental Verification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Z. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Binary Information ◽  
Newton’S Cradle ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Information Energy ◽  
Definition Of Information ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

Abstract This study is the first use of Heisenberg's energy-time uncertainty principle to define information quantitatively from a measuring perspective: the smallest error in any measurement is a bit of information, i.e., 1 (bit)=(2∆E ∆t)⁄ℏ. If the input energy equals the Landauer bound, the time needed to write a bit of information is 1.75x10-14 s. Newton's cradle was used to experimentally verify the information-energy-mass equivalences deduced from the aforementioned concept. It was observed that the energy input during the creation of a bit of (binary) information is stored in the information carrier in the form of the doubled momentum or the doubled “momentum mass” (mass in motion) in both classical position-based and modern orientation-based information storage. Furthermore, the experiments verified our new definition of information in the sense that the higher the energy input is, the shorter the time needed to write a bit of information is. Our study may help understand the fundamental concept of information and the deep physics behind it.

scholarly journals Information Design: Textualization, Documentarization, Auctorialization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Zacklad
Keyword(s):  
Information Design ◽  
The Third ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Definition Of Information

In this article on information design, we will begin by recalling our definition of information anchored in an anthropological vision of communication, and we will then present Buckland’s ternary approach to information, which is in tune with our typology. Secondly, we will return to the notion of device (dispositif) to introduce information and communication devices, of which we will give a few examples. This will allow us, in the third section, to present the design of recorded information in all its richness and complexity, combining the issues of textualization, authorialization, and documentarization.

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