Let’s Try Real Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Jason Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Decision Power ◽  
Better Than

This chapter lays out a general theoretical case for democracy, specifically the kind of democracy that democratic theorists call “deliberative democracy,” which traces the legitimacy of laws and policies to the reasoned exchange of arguments among free and equal citizens. The chapter shows the benefits of distributing political decision-power in an inclusive and egalitarian manner, especially in the deliberative phase of the legislative process. The core idea is that many minds deliberating together are better than few when it comes to dealing with the uncertainty and complexity of the world and figuring out solutions that work for all within it.

Stacked filters

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612
Author(s):  
Kyle Deeds ◽  
Brian Hentschel ◽  
Stratos Idreos
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
The Core ◽  
End To End ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Better Than

We present Stacked Filters, a new probabilistic filter which is fast and robust similar to query-agnostic filters (such as Bloom and Cuckoo filters), and at the same time brings low false positive rates and sizes similar to classifier-based filters (such as Learned Filters). The core idea is that Stacked Filters incorporate workload knowledge about frequently queried non-existing values. Instead of learning, they structurally incorporate that knowledge using hashing and several sequenced filter layers, indexing both data and frequent negatives. Stacked Filters can also gather workload knowledge on-the-fly and adaptively build the filter. We show experimentally that for a given memory budget, Stacked Filters achieve end-to-end query throughput up to 130x better than the best alternative for a workload, either query-agnostic or classifier-based filters, and depending on where data is (SSD or HDD).

scholarly journals How could we strengthen social support for food gardening?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
George Kent
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Food Gardening

Widespread hunger in the world is due mainly to the fact that people don’t care enough about one another’s well-being. Caring can be increased by encouraging social interaction. This can be done in many different ways, but the core idea here is to help people produce food for themselves. Many people who produce food in their own gardens gladly share it with their neighbors. They also share their knowledge and enthusiasm for gardening. This is a huge underutilized resource. The project proposed here is intended to facilitate that sharing.  

Man, society, religion: spiritual transformations at the turn of the millennium

1998 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Oleh Buchma
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Core Idea

The universal concept, the logical center of understanding the problem of spirituality is man. Awareness of a person of his place in the world, the meaning of his being becomes the core idea of the era. At the same time in the public consciousness there is a significant qualitative shift in the direction of priority of humanistic values, when the priority is the question of moral comprehension of reality.

The Evolution of Cognitive Representational Decision Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea

This chapter develops a new account of the evolution of cognitive representational decision making—i.e. of decision making that relies on representations about the state of the world. The core idea behind this account is that cognitive representational decision making can—at times—be more cognitively efficient than non-cognitive representational decision making. In particular, cognitive representational decision making, by being able to draw on the inferential resources of higher-level mental states, can enable organisms to adjust more easily to changes in their environment and to streamline their neural decision making machinery (relative to non-representational decision makers). While these cognitive efficiency gains will sometimes be outweighed by the costs of this way of making decisions—i.e. the fact that representational decision making is generally slower and more concentration- and attention-hungry than non-representational decision making—this will not always be the case. Moreover, it is possible to say in more detail which kinds of circumstances will favor the evolution of cognitive representational decision making, and which do not.

The Utilitarian Case against Iterated Bequests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Halliday
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
The Core ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
Incentive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the utilitarian preoccupation with regulating inheritance tax proposals according to their incentive effects. The chapter begins by extending the discussion of John Stuart Mill. Special attention is then paid to Eugenio Rignano’s proposal to make inheritance tax ‘progressive over time’. The core idea of the Rignano scheme is to impose higher tax liabilities on inheritance that comes from prior inheritance or, in other words, to tax second-generation inheritance at a higher rate than first-generation. The main aim in the chapter is to identify the extent to which this proposal draws strength from the utilitarian commitments that motivated it, while also having some independent appeal. This distinction is articulated partly through evaluating some criticisms of the Rignano scheme that proved influential between the world wars, when the proposal enjoyed some prominence.

Causal Process Theories

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Dowe
Keyword(s):  
Process Theory ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Core Idea

If the core idea of process theories of causation is that causation can be understood in terms of causal processes and interactions, then the approach should be attributed primarily to Wesley Salmon (1925–2001). Salmon takes causal processes and interactions as more fundamental than causal relations between events. To express this Salmon liked to quote John Venn: ‘Substitute for the time honoured “chain of causation”, so often introduced into discussions upon this subject, the phrase a “rope of causation”, and see what a very different aspect the question will wear’. According to the process theory, any facts about causation as a relation between events obtain only on account of more basic facts about causal processes and interactions. Causal processes are the world-lines of objects, exhibiting some characteristic essential for causation.

scholarly journals The Law of Non-Contradiction as a Metaphysical Principle

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas E. Tahko
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Logical Principle ◽  
The Law ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Graham Priest ◽  
Metaphysical Principle

The goals of this paper are two-fold: I wish to clarify the Aristotelian conception of the law of non-contradiction as a metaphysical rather than a semantic or logical principle, and to defend the truth of the principle in this sense. First I will explain what it in fact means that the law of non-contradiction is a metaphysical principle. The core idea is that the law of non-contradiction is a general principle derived from how things are in the world. For example, there are certain constraints as to what kind of properties an object can have, and especially: some of these properties are mutually exclusive. Given this characterisation, I will advance to examine what kind of challenges the law of non-contradiction faces—the main opponent here is Graham Priest. I will consider these challenges and conclude that they do not threaten the truth of the law of non-contradiction understood as a metaphysical principle.

scholarly journals ANTI-SOFT POWER IN POLITICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-71
Author(s):  
A. Fenenko
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Thus, the present article aims at answering the question whether there exists an anti-soft power, both as ideology and practice, which could be efficient enough for the state to protect itself from the impact of external informational and cultural influence. The theory of soft power is based on the idea that its object accepts normative subordination. Consequently, such object should not pursue major political ambitions, should be ready to collaborate within the established world order and, above all, agree with superiority of the world leaders and the rules they impose. Anti-soft power is different. The core idea is that its holder is not willing to comply with the opponent’s superiority as well as its rules of the game. The subject of anti-soft power is politically ambitious and never recognizes its dependence or inferiority. Regardless of being strong or weak, it will not admit its junior or secondary position in a community. We saw a few such subjects during the era of globalization. However, the globalization crisis may change the situation and thus give rise to a new political trend, that is the resurgence of anti-soft power. The article states that anti-soft power has repeatedly blocked the attempts of one country to influence another country. In the course of history, we can single out three main types of policy: 1) the policy based on supremacism, or chauvinism; 2) the policy based on ideological alternatives; 3) the policy based on segment restrictions of the oppo nent’s soft power. Each of these, though, can bring its subjects both political benefits and unwanted costs.

scholarly journals H συνεχιζόμενη ιατρική εκπαίδευση ως θεσμός προστασίας της δημόσιας υγείας

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελένη Πολίτη
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
National Medical ◽  
System A ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea

Competence in medicine is safeguarding public health. Different medical CPD systems exist throughout the world. In Greece the national medical CPD system has not really followed changes occuring in other national CPD systems today, that principally aim to enhance their effectiveness. In order to present specific proposals for the reformation and improvement of the Greek medical CPD system, a review of CPD theories, practices, best-practice examples, academic researches, alongside a survey to Greek doctors were conducted to generate relevant evidences. The observed results and conclusions structured a set of proposals that were formed in the context of the 5 medical CPD domains the European Commission recently presented, also introducing a concept of subgategories. The core idea of establishing a central indepedent Authority to undertake the responsibility of such reformation is supported.

The Evolution of Conative Representational Decision Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter defends a cognitive-efficiency-based account of the evolution of conative representational decision making. The core idea behind this account is that, similarly to cognitive representational decision makers, conative representational decision makers can, in some circumstances, adjust more easily to a changed environment and streamline their neural decision making machinery. However, as I also make clearer, the origins of these benefits are different here than in the case of cognitive representational decision making: they center on patterns in the way the organism reacts to the world, and not on patterns in the states of the world that the organism can react to. This has some important implications for the situations in which conative representational decision making is adaptive relative to when cognitive representational decision making is adaptive. The chapter ends by combining the picture laid out here with that laid out in the previous chapter to develop a clearer account of the relationship between the evolution of conative and the evolution of cognitive representational decision making.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document