Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Nils Holtug
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Political Realism ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Egalitarian Justice

The main themes of the book are introduced, and in particular the relation between immigration, identity, social cohesion, and egalitarian justice is highlighted. The progressive’s dilemma is explained, as is the idea that social cohesion may require a shared identity at the societal level. The notion that the investigation relies on an implausible form of methodological nationalism is rejected. Also, the content of the individual chapters is summarized. Furthermore, the methodology employed in the book is explained and argued for. This methodology relies on the distinction between ‘basic levelʼ and ‘regulativeʼ justice, and it is explained how the book operates at both levels. Finally, alternative methodologies, including Rawlsian ideal theory, political realism, and various forms of contextualism, are critically discussed.

scholarly journals Housing adaptations and housing accessibility problems among older adults with long-standing spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 030802262097951
Author(s):  
Lizette Norin ◽  
Björn Slaug ◽  
Maria Haak ◽  
Susanne Iwarsson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Environmental Barriers ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual

Introduction Adults with spinal cord injuries are living longer than previously, and a majority are living in ordinary housing in the community. Housing accessibility is important for maintaining independent occupational performance for this population, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. We investigated housing adaptations and current accessibility problems among older adults with long-standing (>10 years) spinal cord injuries. Method Data from home visits among 122 older adults with spinal cord injuries in Sweden were used. Housing adaptations and environmental barriers were descriptively analysed. Findings Kitchens, entrances, and hygiene areas were common locations for housing adaptations and environmental barriers that generated accessibility problems. The most common adaptations were ramps, wheelchair-accessible stovetops, and ceiling-lifts. Wall-mounted cupboards and high shelves (kitchen), inaccessible storage areas (outside the dwelling), and a lack of grab bars (hygiene area) generated the most accessibility problems. Conclusion Despite housing adaptations, there are considerable accessibility problems in the dwellings of older adults with long-standing spinal cord injuries in Sweden, indicating that long-term follow-up of the housing situation of this population is necessary. Focusing on accessible housing as a prerequisite for occupational performance is at the core of occupational therapy, deserving attention on the individual as well as the societal level.

The influence of culture on consumer perceptions of deceptiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haithem Zourrig ◽  
Mengxia Zhang ◽  
Kamel El Hedhli ◽  
Imene Becheur
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Information Manipulation ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Situational Constraint

Purpose This study aims to apply McCornack’s (1992) information manipulation theory to the context of fraud and investigates the effects of culture on perceived deceptiveness. Design/methodology/approach In total, 400 Chinese consumers and an equal-size sample of Canadian consumers were recruited to fill an online survey. The survey integrates four scenarios of insurance fraud and measures of perceived deceptiveness, cultural tightness and horizontal-vertical idiocentrism allocentrism, in addition to some control variables. Findings Results show that at the societal level of culture, perceived deceptiveness is higher in individualistic than in collectivistic cultures. When accounting for the level of situational constraint, cultural tightness was found to magnify the perceived deceptiveness. At the individual level of culture, vertical-allocentrism and vertical-idiocentrism were found to weigh against the perception of deceptiveness. Originality/value Understanding cultural differences in perceived deceptiveness is helpful to spot sources of consumers’ vulnerability to fraud tolerance among a culturally diverse public.

scholarly journals Qualitative Interview Analysis: Unpacking Packed Interviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Michelle Silver
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interview Analysis

Abstract Retirement is an ever-evolving, dynamic, and complex social construct we associate with the end of one’s career. Exploring what retirement means to different people can contribute to a better understanding of the implications of this important transition at the individual and societal level. However, sifting through participants stories is not always a straightforward endeavor, particularly in the case when participants have something to hide. This paper examines the value of qualitative research methods in unpacking complex personal narratives. As the landscape surrounding mature workers’ experiences continues to change, this paper extends policy debates about retirement, as well as scholarly conversations about the richness and complexity of qualitative research.

An Introduction, Review, and Conceptual Analysis of Mattering as an Essential Construct and an Essential Way of Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 073428292110576
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Flett
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sense Of Mattering ◽  
Extended Discussion

While the importance of having self-esteem is widely recognized and has been studied extensively, another core component of the self-concept has been relatively neglected—a sense of mattering to other people. In the current article, it is argued that mattering is an entirely unique and complex psychological construct with great public appeal and applied significance. The various ways of assessing mattering are reviewed and evidence is summarized, indicating that mattering is a vital construct in that deficits in mattering are linked with consequential outcomes at the individual level (i.e., depression and suicidal tendencies), the relationship level (i.e., relationship discord and dissolution), and the societal level (i.e., delinquency and violence). Contemporary research is described which shows that mattering typically predicts unique variance in key outcomes beyond other predictor variables. Mattering is discussed as double-edged in that mattering is highly protective but feelings of not mattering are deleterious, especially among people who have been marginalized and mistreated. The article concludes with an extended discussion of key directions for future research and an overview of the articles in this special issue. It is argued that a complete view of the self and personal identity will only emerge after we significantly expand the scope of inquiry on the psychology of mattering.

Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 284-295
Author(s):  
Orlando Pereira ◽  
Daniel Gonçalves Novo Gomes ◽  
Ana Martins ◽  
Isabel Martins
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
School Practices ◽  
Social Balance ◽  
The Individual

This chapter discusses the role of education in “humanizing the economy” and emphasizes its contribution to the development of a new socio-economic model that helps to overcome the irregularities present in contemporary society. It proposes the implementation of school practices aimed at the completeness of the individual and in favor of social balance. It also emphasizes the importance of the humanizing process in the attainment of values such as, justice, freedom, solidarity and cooperation, which are structuring values of social cohesion. The primary data focused on the Secondary Education in the Districts of Braga and Viana do Castelo, in the northwest of Portugal. Interviews were conducted with school principals as main actors in the research. In spite of the limitations of the work, the results show that, in Portugal, education is still focused on individualism. It is also noted that assimilation of social aspects and humanization is weak, which inhibits placing the individual at the center of economic concerns and produces negative externalities on economic and social performance including wellbeing.

scholarly journals News media stories about cancer on Facebook: How does story framing influence response framing, tone and attributions of responsibility?

2020 ◽  
pp. 136345932091281
Author(s):  
Tegan S Starr ◽  
Melissa Oxlad
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
News Media ◽  
Health News ◽  
Attributions Of Responsibility ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Attributions Of Blame ◽  
Insight Into

This content analysis explored associations between the framing of cancer-related health news stories on Facebook and their corresponding comments. It was found that regardless of story framing the majority of responses involved users engaging in debate and discussion rather than sharing personal experiences. Furthermore, stories framed episodically had a greater proportion of both supportive and unsupportive comments than stories framed thematically. As predicted, episodic stories were associated with more attributions of responsibility directed towards the individual whereas thematic stories lead to more societal-level attributions of blame. Contrary to predictions, responses did not contribute towards the stigmatisation of lung cancer, instead more responses were aimed at reducing stigma for this illness. Within the findings strong beliefs about cancer treatment and management were also identified, which raises concern over the spread of misinformation. Overall, this research provided insight into the framing of cancer news and highlighted potential implications of Facebook comments.

A cognitive framework for understanding genre

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Vergaro
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Genre Studies ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Conventional Behavior

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to apply the Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model (EC-Model hereafter; see Schmid 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018; Schmid & Mantlik 2015) of language knowledge to genre, with the aim of showing how a unified theory of the relation between usage and linguistic knowledge and convention can shed light on the way genre knowledge becomes entrenched in the individual and shared conventional behavior in communities. The EC-Model is a usage-based and emergentist model of language knowledge and convention rooted in cognitive linguistics and usage-based approaches. It sees knowledge as emerging from language usage, and explains the processes underlying the intertwining of social practice and cognition. However, so far, no suggestion has been advanced on how to extend the model to account for entrenchment and conventionalization at the supra-sentential level. In the area of genre studies various attempts have been made by scholars to develop or apply theories belonging to different scientific domains to understand the nature of genre. However, so far, there has been no research that applies a unified model in the attempt to link entrenchment of genres in individuals to their conventionalization at the societal level. I largely focus on the long tradition of rhetorical studies of genre, one among the different approaches that, over time, have regarded genre as their main topic of investigation. I concentrate on this tradition as it opens up the entire field of enquiry that defines contemporary genre research. To these I add by showing how the explanations provided so far can be cognitively clarified and unified under the EC-Model. The paper, then, argues that the EC-Model is theoretically apt to address questions about the nature of genre, capturing in an elegant way the interplay between cognition and social interaction in genre emergence, evolution, stabilization and variation.

The Dialectical Activity of Becoming Just

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Garthoff
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Approximation Model ◽  
Political Justice ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
A Value ◽  
Individual Justice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Approximation ◽  
Over Time

This chapter articulates a “dynamic approximation” model of the acquisition and maintenance of the individual virtues. This model incorporates elements of Talbot Brewer’s account of virtue acquisition as a dialectical activity, in which attention is repeatedly and indefinitely refocused on a value, over time enabling both deeper engagement with it and deeper appreciation of it. The model also adapts elements of John Rawls’s ideal theory of political justice, applying these in a novel way to the case of individual justice. These elements include holding fixed broad contours of human psychology for the purpose of articulating ideals and emphasizing conditions where characteristic threats and obstacles to justice are resisted and overcome. The focus here is on the individual virtue of justice, and the chapter discusses three families of threats and obstacles to its acquisition and maintenance.

scholarly journals Cultural tightness-looseness: Its nature and missiological applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-421
Author(s):  
David R. Dunaetz
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Host Culture ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual

The focus of much missionary work concerns sharing the gospel with others so that they may put their faith in Jesus Christ. However, members of some cultures are much more resistant to this than are members of other cultures. The concept of cultural tightness-looseness helps explain why some cultures are more closed to the gospel than are others. Tight cultures, in contrast to loose cultures, have strong social norms, violations of which are met with intense sanctions. Numerous recent studies reveal the antecedents, consequences, and the geographical distribution of cultural tightness-looseness. There are important missiological implications at the societal level, the individual level, and the organizational level when missionaries work in host cultures which are tighter than their home cultures. Understanding these implications can help the missionary better love and respond to the needs of members of their host culture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document