A Literary Diplomat

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-147
Author(s):  
Tomoe Kumojima
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
Female Friendship ◽  
Recent Scholarship

Chapter 3 discusses Mary Crawford Fraser and her Japan-related literary works to highlight political affordances of literature for cross-cultural female friendship and solidarity. Fraser opened up her writing space to her Japanese friends and enabled her readers to hear their voices in her writings. It examines Fraser’s friendships with Japanese people in A Diplomatist’s Wife in Japan (1898) and analyses the influence of these friendships on her fictional works. It brings to light the existence of a long-forgotten international reading society of women in Meiji Japan. It provides real-life examples of cross-racial, international female friendship, an underdeveloped resource in recent scholarship on Victorian travelogues. It demonstrates how Fraser mobilized literature as a safe space for a woman to carry out diplomatic tasks during the tumultuous period of treaty revision and the conclusion of Anglo-Japanese Alliance and strove to redress demeaning stereotypes of Japanese women.

Hospitable Friendship

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Tomoe Kumojima
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
Female Friendship ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Victorian Women ◽  
And Gender

Chapter 1 sets up the theoretical questions of female friendship across race, nationality, and gender. It establishes exclusivism in the philosophical discourses of friendship and hospitality and their political and ethical implications demonstrated by Jacques Derrida. It then discusses the practical challenges the three Victorian women travellers to Meiji Japan—Isabella Bird, Mary Crawford Fraser, and Marie Stopes—pose to the male homosocial model of friendship with their praxis of friendship and hospitality through their writing. It highlights the aporias of male philosophical theorizations and addresses them with female literary representations of real-life instances of cultural exchange and congress in a non-Western context. Drawing on feminist theorizations of open subjectivity and affective relationality, it presents alternative models and paradigms of friendship, which the book terms hospitable friendship, and argues for particular political affordances of literature for cross-racial female solidarity.

Victorian Women's Travel Writing on Meiji Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoe Kumojima
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Female Agency ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
New Imperialism ◽  
Women's Travel

Victorian Women’s Travel Writing on Meiji Japan: Hospitable Friendship explores real-life instances and literary manifestations of cross-cultural friendship between Victorian female travellers and Meiji Japanese, examining its ethico-political significance against the backdrop of British ‘New Imperialism’. Shifting critical focus from the individualist model of subjectivity to affective relationality, Tomoe Kumojima conceptualizes the female travellers’ open subjectivity as hospitable friendship and argues that femininity proves to be an asset in their praxis of more equitable cross-cultural contact in non-colonial Japan. Political affordances of literature are the book’s overarching thread. Kumojima opens new archives of unpublished correspondence and typescripts and introduces contemporary Japanese literature hitherto unavailable in English, shedding a refreshing light on the works of Isabella Bird, Mary Crawford Fraser, and Marie Stopes. The book traverses the themes of identity fluidity, literary afterlife, international female solidarity, literary diplomacy, cross-racial heterosexual intimacy, and cross-gender friendship. It traces the shifts in the representation of Japan in Victorian discourses prompted by Britain’s colonial management, Japan’s successful modernization, the Anglo-Japanese bilateral relationship, and global geopolitics, demonstrating how the women travellers complicated and challenged Oriental stereotypes and imperial binaries by creating counter-discourses through their literary activities. Kumojima also offers parallel narratives of three Meiji female pioneers in Britain and burgeoning transnational feminist alliances. The book addresses the absence of Japan in discussions of the British Empire in the field of literary studies and that of women and female agency in the male-dominated historiography of the Anglo-Japanese relationship.

scholarly journals THE IDENTITY CONFLICT OF THE SYMBOLIC DOMINATION DISCOURSE IN THE SHORT STORIES OF MODERN CIVILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Eka Ugi Sutikno
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Symbolic Domination ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Modern Era

In this modern-day, many women have a suitable carrier; however, they often have seemed like a weak person. One of their weaknesses that often shown is the unableness of how to make any decision. These things often happen in real life and stated in the literature, especially in short stories. The Anatomy by Padrika Tarrant and the Otobiografi Gloria by AS Laksana are literary works that are containing the identity conflict of the symbolic domination discourse. The research purpose is to analyze the identity conflict of the symbolic domination discourse in these short stories. The method of this research is using the qualitative descriptive because the subjects are short stories. The result of this research has shown the two main characters of these short stories, which dominated on symbolic and they live in the marginal as the women who have an identity. The conclusion of this research has drawn that women in this modern era still dominated on symbolic and as a weak person.

Each Man's Father Served as his Teacher: Constructing Relatedness in Pliny's Letters: In loving memory of Harry Bernstein (1913––2008)

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil W. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Literary Authority ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cultural Project ◽  
Exemplary Model

Recent scholarship has examined Pliny's efforts to embed his acts of patronage in the rhetorical context of paternity. This paper examines how Pliny employs the discourse of paternity in representing himself as a mentor and exemplary model for young men, with particular focus on Book 8 of the Letters. Though he lacks a child or adoptive heir himself, Pliny embeds his work in a tradition in which Roman writers from the Elder Cato onward presented literary authority as coextensive with paternal authority. In Ep. 8.14, Pliny presents an idealized image of education by fathers or paternal surrogates that legitimates both his receipt of benefits from his mentors and his own efforts to instruct young men in the manner of a father. Pliny presents his published work as a model for Genialis in Ep. 8.13 and his personal life as an example for Junius Avitus in Ep. 8.23. Ep. 8.10, 11 and 18 provide further contexts for Pliny's discourse of paternity. Two additional examples of the creation of relatedness in elite Roman culture (interactions with caregivers and the experience of contubernium) are briefly discussed. I consider in conclusion how study of Pliny's Letters may contribute to the larger cross-cultural project of understanding how otherwise unrelated persons, through informal activities such as mentorship, may construct relationships more salient to them than their biological or legal kinships.

A Hybrid Style of E-Learning in MBA Education across Borders

2012 ◽  
pp. 1604-1620
Author(s):  
Caroline Benton ◽  
Rémy Magnier-Watanabe ◽  
Harald Herrig ◽  
Olivier Aba
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Asynchronous Instruction ◽  
Student Profiles ◽  
Working Together ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Face To Face Instruction

This paper outlines a real-life example of a course taught jointly by the MBA-IB program at the University of Tsukuba in Tokyo, Japan and the Master in Management program (ESC) at the Grenoble Ecole de Management in Grenoble, France using a hybrid style of e-learning that was aimed at increasing communication and collaboration among instructors and students. The qualitative analysis of this experience found that the variables that most significantly affected the development and outcome of the course were the unique goals, resources and student profiles of each university, the blending of synchronous and asynchronous instruction, the exchange of instructors to promote face-to-face instruction, and the use of a didactic and experiential approach to cross-cultural learning. Such cross-cultural course connecting distant groups working together toward the resolution of a common problem can become a stepping stone toward the promotion of sustainable development.

Developing a Grassroots Cross-Cultural Partnership to Enhance Student Experiences

2011 ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Iryna Pentina ◽  
Veronique Guilloux
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Academic Preparation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Business Colleges ◽  
Networking Technologies

Increased globalization of the world economy makes international aspects of marketing an important priority. A growing number of business colleges provide cross-cultural experiences in marketing disciplines that help students better understand other cultures while applying their academic preparation to real-life settings. Today’s students represent the first generation that has been born into the digital age, and freely use multiple technologies in preparing for classes, sharing notes, shopping, rating professors, and accomplishing multiple everyday tasks. This case discusses a class project on developing integrated marketing communications conducted by American and French cross-cultural student groups to promote environmentally-sustainable products in international markets. Modern social networking technologies were widely used both as tools for accomplishing the project, as means for presenting and displaying the results and as a medium for international marketing communications.

Coda

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-202
Author(s):  
Tomoe Kumojima
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Travel Writings ◽  
British People ◽  
Yosano Akiko

This concluding chapter reverses the perspective of the preceding chapters and explores travel writings of Meiji Japanese women who sailed to Victorian Britain. It focuses on the writings of three Japanese women—namely, Tsuda Umeko, Yasui Tetsu, and Yosano Akiko—with diverse backgrounds and purposes. It picks up testimonies of travelling women in Meiji Japan who encountered British people and culture and unveils cross-racial female intimacy and burgeoning transnational feminist alliance on the issues of women’s education and civil rights. It documents their connections with Victorian female educationists such as Dorothea Beale and Elizabeth Phillips Hughes and discovers a long-forgotten link between Isabella Bird and Meiji women’s education.

A Perspective of Cross-Cultural Psychological Studies for Global Business

2016 ◽  
pp. 185-206
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yama
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Global Mindset ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Dialectical Thinking ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Stereotypical Image ◽  
Japanese Employees

Some may still have a stereotypical image that Japanese employees work like a robot, and achieved the industrial development even though they are not logical thinkers. This chapter is against this based on the latest cross-cultural studies. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Even if Japanese appears to be illogical in the sense that they are less likely to do rule-based thinking, this does not means that they are less intelligent. (2) Easterners are more likely to do dialectical thinking. (3) Easterners' naïve dialecticism is strongly associated with cultural tradition, and it is plausible that it has been developed in a high-context culture. (4) Japanese people may have a collectivist culture, and it is not an undeveloped culture comparing with an individualist culture as shown in the case of ‘nemawashi'. Finally, it is proposed that the distinction between Westerners' low-context culture and Easterners' high-context culture provide important implications for globalizing business and that the notions of global mindset and ‘glocal' are important for international business.

Proletarian Modernism: Film, Literature, Theory

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056-1075
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Literature Theory ◽  
Opening Up

This article identifies a body of work—films, literary texts, and theories of the aesthetic—that can help us reopen the question of what it means for an artwork to project a vision of classlessness. The article begins by focusing on early-twentieth-century proletarian modernism, in particular in the cinematic work of Sergey Eisenstein and in British literary works that repurposed Woolfian and Joycean styles during the later interwar years. Proletarian modernism, I argue, highlights an alternative route taken by modernist literature and art: unlike the late modernists feted in much recent scholarship, proletarian modernists aimed to retool modernism, opening up new and global political futures for it rather than anticipating its end. The article concludes by showing that the cultural genealogy of proletarian modernism mapped out here doubles as a prehistory of contemporary aesthetic theory: it enables us to recognize the significant political and theoretical erasures that structure recent accounts of art's democratic potential.

scholarly journals When and Why Do Third Parties Punish Outside of the Lab? A Cross-Cultural Recall Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Pedersen ◽  
William H. B. McAuliffe ◽  
Yashna Shah ◽  
Hiroki Tanaka ◽  
Yohsuke Ohtsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Three Samples

Punishment can reform uncooperative behavior and hence could have contributed to humans’ ability to live in large-scale societies. Punishment by unaffected third parties has received extensive scientific scrutiny because third parties punish transgressors in laboratory experiments on behalf of strangers that they will never interact with again. Often overlooked in this research are interactions involving people who are not strangers, which constitute many interactions beyond the laboratory. Across three samples in two countries (United States and Japan; N = 1,294), we found that third parties’ anger at transgressors, and their intervention and punishment on behalf of victims, varied in real-life conflicts as a function of how much third parties valued the welfare of the disputants. Punishment was rare (1–2%) when third parties did not value the welfare of the victim, suggesting that previous economic game results have overestimated third parties’ willingness to punish transgressors on behalf of strangers.

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