Listeriosis in infants: Prospective surveillance studies in Canada and Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaa Abu-Raya ◽  
Marianne Jost ◽  
Julie A Bettinger ◽  
Robert Bortolussi ◽  
Janet Grabowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
International Data ◽  
Antibiotic Coverage

Abstract Objectives International data on listeriosis during infancy from large populations are essential to guide evidence-based empiric antibiotic guidelines for sepsis in infancy. We aimed to determine the incidence, clinical manifestations, and outcome of listeriosis in infants <6 months of age in Canada and Switzerland. Methods Prospective, active surveillance of listeriosis in infants <6 months of age was conducted through the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (May 2015 to April 2017) and the Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit (April 2017 to March 2018). Confirmed and probable cases were included. Results In Canada, eight sporadic listeriosis cases were reported (incidence, 1.1/100,000 live births/year). In Switzerland, four cases were reported (incidence, 4.5/100,000 live births/year) of which three were part of a confirmed outbreak with an unclear source. In the two countries, eight of the 12 cases (66.6%) presented as early-onset disease (within the first 7 days of life) and none presented after 28 days life. Conclusions Neonatal listeriosis is rare. Infants presenting with sepsis, especially after 4 weeks of life, may not routinely require empiric antibiotic coverage for listeriosis. Outbreak-related cases still occur. Continued surveillance is important.

Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Patient’s and a Physician’s Perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pain Medicine ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antiviral Medications ◽  
Physician’S Perspective

Herpes zoster can plague anyone who has had varicella or has received the varicella or chickenpox vaccine. The incidence of herpes zoster increases with age and rises exponentially after 60 years of age. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) may occur after herpes zoster at any age but typically occurs after 50 years of age, with over 40% of persons over 60 years of age suffering from PHN after a shingles attack. Up to 1 million new cases of herpes zoster and 200,000 new cases of PHN may now be anticipated in the United States every year, with the incidence rate increasing as the population grows and ages with prolonged life expectancies. Although new antiviral medications will improve and shorten the course of herpes zoster, they do not guarantee the prevention of PHN. Given the high prevalence of PHN in an aging population and the availability of primary prevention by vaccination, the objectives of this review are to describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of zoster and PHN and to recommend a combination of strategies for the clinical management and prevention of PHN. This review contains 6 figures, 4 tables and 13 references Key words: evidence-based pain medicine, herpes zoster, neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia

scholarly journals THERAPEUTIC METHODS IN CEREBRAL PALSY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Leila A. Pak ◽  
K. V. Zherdev ◽  
L. M. Kuzenkova ◽  
A. L. Kurenkov ◽  
B. I. Bursagova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Complementary Treatment ◽  
Epidural Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Based Medicine

In the article the authors consider such methods of the alternative/complementary treatment of the cerebral palsy (CP), presented in the modern domestic and foreign literature, as metabolic (amino acid composites), metamer (I.A. Skvortsov), intravenous administration of baclofen, antiepileptic (vagal stimulation, levetiracetam), acupuncture, transcranial cerebral micropolarization, epidural stimulation, modified motion-induced restriction therapy (MMIRT), stem cell therapy, as well as some other complementary/palliative approaches to the correction of clinical manifestations of various forms of CP. The final part of the article presents the attitude of modern evidence-based medicine to the main methods of the alternative/complementary treatment of cerebral palsy. These data are based almost exclusively on international systematic reviews and relevant meta-analyses.

International perspectives on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Romuald Brunner ◽  
Kathrin Mikan ◽  
Maximilian Niebler ◽  
Stephanie Kandsperger
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
International Data ◽  
New Evidence

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a clinically relevant symptom with high prevalence in teenagers and young adults worldwide. NSSI is associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders, is known to cause serious harm and acts as predictive factor for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Social and biological risk factors play an important role in the onset and maintenance of NSSI. Various terms are used in the world-literature for the study of self-injurious behaviour (SIB). These inconsistencies have to be taken into account in the assessment of recent and current international data. Along with further clarifying the different terms of SIBs, there is yet an urgent need to further examine contributing neurobiological factors, develop innovative international valid methods of risk-assessments, and to develop new evidence-based treatment approaches, as well as prevention strategies that consider neurobiological findings.

scholarly journals Rare Cause of Neonatal Hypovolemic Shock: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
M. El. Hammoumi ◽  
H. Aguenaou ◽  
A. Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Severe Hemophilia ◽  
Live Births ◽  
New Born ◽  
Direct Injury

The intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) of the term new-born is a rare pathology; the prevalence is estimated at 2% of live births. The clinical manifestations are variable and not specific. The causes of ICH are multiple and often intricate, the main pathophysiological mechanisms are deregulations of cerebral flow, obstruction of the vessels or intravascular coagulation or a direct injury from trauma. We report the case of a new-born at 30 hours of life admitted to our service (Neonatal resuscitation service and intensive care at Children's Hospital Rabat) for the management of respiratory distress on hypovolemic shock following which the clinical and biological examination was in favor of severe hemophilia A with factor VIII at 0.80%.

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