Effect of Weight Loss Program on Anthropometric and Laboratory Measurements among Adult Obese Females: An Intervention Study

Abstract Background Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. It is a medical problem that increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers. New evidence supports the view that there is a relationship between consuming energy restricted diet during weight loss program on anthropometric measurements, example; weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and fat percentage. Objectives: to study the effect of weight loss program on anthropometric and laboratory measurements of adult obese females. Method: an intervention study was carried out in the obesity management clinics of National Nutritional institute. Results our findings demonstrate that energy restriction regimen results in modest effect on anthropometric and laboratory measurements which is statistically highly significant. Conclusion and Recommendation: Prevention of obesity should be a high priority in public health, with particular emphasis on encouraging healthy lifestyles in all age groups, starting from early childhood.

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COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT METHODS FOR MEASURING BODY FAT AFTER A WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-869220192506149743 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 474-479

Author(s):

Pedro Jose Benito ◽

Carmen Gómez-Candela ◽

María Dolores Cabañas ◽

Barbara Szendrei ◽

Eliane Aparecida Castro

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Total Daily Energy Expenditure

ABSTRACT Introduction Accurate and sensitive measurement of body composition is an important tool in the diagnosis and control of obesity. Objective To compare body fat changes measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and skinfolds (SK) in healthy overweight adults in order to evaluate whether all three methods can be used during a weight loss program (WLP). Methods Eighty-four men (n=36) and women (n=48), body mass index 25–29.9 kg/m2, aged between 18-50 years, non-smokers and sedentary, were randomly assigned to strength, endurance, combined strength plus endurance, or physical activity recommendations groups. All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% decrease in energy intake in terms of the total daily energy expenditure). The intervention lasted 22 weeks. Results The highest correlation was obtained between DXA and SK when men and women were studied together (r=0.864, p<0.01). In women, significant differences were found between DXA and BIA in fat percentage (underestimation of BIA 2.4%, p<0.05). The underestimation was more determinant for both fat percentage and fat mass in men, 13.2% versus 10.2%, and 6.8 kg versus 4.2 kg between BIA and SK respectively (p<0.05). All the procedures obtained similar results (p>0.05) when changes in body fat caused by intervention were analyzed. However, considering results of the minimal difference compared to DXA, BIA showed the greatest sensitivity to detect changes in fat percentage and fat mass, while SK underestimated the changes, with a significantly lower percentage considered real (p=0.01). Conclusion The SK method seems to underestimate real changes, therefore DXA and BIA can serve as more effective tools to measure the change in fat percentage and fat mass during WLP. Level of evidence II, Diagnosis.

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Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261946 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0261946

Author(s):

Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini ◽

Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo ◽

Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon ◽

Mariana Fragoso Rentas ◽

Lucca Denuci Zanini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Size ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Reproductive Status ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Routine Practice ◽

Target Weight ◽

Mixed Breed

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight0.75. The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal’s current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight0.75) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW0.75) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW0.75) and other purebreds (65.27xTW0.75). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs.

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Daily Calcium Intervention for a Weight-Loss Program Resulted in More Significant Decreases in Body Weight, BMI, Body Fat Mass, and Body Fat Percentage

Obesity Research - Open Journal ◽

10.17140/oroj-2-112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 73-80

Author(s):

Yen-Ling Chen ◽

◽

Yi-Chun Chen ◽

Jung-Su Chang ◽

Jo Chun Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage

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Is vitamin D deficiency in obese youth a risk factor for less weight loss during a weight loss program?

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-19-0364 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1468-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karolien Van De Maele ◽

Jean De Schepper ◽

Jesse Vanbesien ◽

Monique Van Helvoirt ◽

Ann De Guchtenaere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Body Fat ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D

Background Vitamin D deficiency is common in obese adolescents and a risk factor for insulin resistance. We investigated if prevailing serum 25-OH vitamin D might predict the body fat loss in a group of obese adolescents undergoing a residential weight loss program. Methods In 92 (35 male) obese adolescents (aged 10.6–19 years) undergoing a residential weight loss program in Belgium, fasting serum 25-OH vitamin D (25-OH-D), insulin, glucose and lipid levels were measured and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results Baseline median (range) serum 25-OH-D level was 17.7 µg/L (3.8–41.8). In total, 55 adolescents had a serum 25-OH-D below 20 µg/L. In 31 adolescents with a low baseline 25-OH-D level, median increase in serum 25-OH-D was 2.4 µg/L (−4.2 to 7.2) after 10 months. This resulted in normal 25-OH-D levels in seven adolescents, whereas median BMI decreased with 1.0 SDS and body fat percentage diminished with 9.9%. Obese adolescents with or without a 25-OH-D level below or above 20 µg/L at baseline had similar changes in body weight, BMI SDS, body fat percentage and body fat mass at the end of the program. The change in serum 25-OH-D did not correlate with change in serum insulin, BMI SDS or body fat percentage and body fat mass. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was present in 55 out of 92 obese adolescents at the start of the summer. Serum 25-OH-D concentration did not predict changes in body fat loss after a residential weight loss program.

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Weight-loss in obese dogs promotes important shifts in fecal microbiota profile to the extent of resembling microbiota of lean dogs

Animal Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s42523-021-00160-x ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Henrique Tobaro Macedo ◽

Mariana Fragoso Rentas ◽

Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini ◽

Matheus Vinicius Macegoza ◽

Andressa Rodrigues Amaral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Isotope Dilution Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Weight Loss Group

Abstract Background Among the undesirable changes associated with obesity, one possibility recently raised is dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Studies have shown changes in microbiota in obese rats and humans, but there are still few studies that characterize and compare the fecal microbiota of lean, obese and dogs after weight loss. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a weight loss program (WLP) in fecal microbiota of dogs in addition to comparing them with those of lean dogs. Twenty female dogs of different breeds, aged between 1 and 9 years were selected. They were equally divided into two groups: Obese group (OG), with body condition score (BCS) 8 or 9/9, and body fat percentage greater than 30%, determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method, and lean group (LG) with BCS 5/9, and maximum body fat of 15%. Weight loss group (WLG) was composed by OG after loss of 20% of their current body weight. Fecal samples were collected from the three experimental groups. Total DNA was extracted from the feces and these were sequenced by the Illumina methodology. The observed abundances were evaluated using a generalized linear model, considering binomial distribution and using the logit link function in SAS (p < 0.05). Results The WLP modulated the microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract, so that, WLG and LG had microbial composition with greater biodiversity than OG, and intestinal uniformity of the microbiota (Pielou’s evenness index) was higher in OG than WLG dogs (P = 0.0493) and LG (P = 0.0101). In addition, WLG had values of relative frequency more similar to LG than to OG. Conclusion The fecal microbiota of the studied groups differs from each other. The weight loss program can help to reverse the changes observed in obese dogs.

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