Results of a Tree Species Trial on a Recontoured Surface Mine in Southwestern Virginia

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Torbert ◽  
J. A. Burger ◽  
J. N. Lien ◽  
S. H. Schoenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Strip Mine

Abstract Fifteen tree species, five pine and ten hardwood, were planted on a reclaimed, return-to-contour, strip-mine site in Wise County, Virginia. A systemic herbicide was sprayed on half of each of four experimental blocks prior to the second growing season. After three growing seasons, this treatment resulted in increased survival of five species. Black locust (Robina pseudoacacia) performed best with 90% survival and a tenfold increase in height. Other hardwoods that showed promise were black alder (Alnus glutinosa), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and cottonwood (Populus deltoides). As a group, the pines outperformed the hardwoods. Loblolly (Pinus taeda) and Virginia pine (Pinus Virginiana) were the fastest growing, and survival of each was signifcantly higher on the sprayed plots.

Phosphorus forms in technosols afforested with N-fixing and non-N-fixing tree species 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sroka ◽  
Marcin Chodak ◽  
Marcin Pietrzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Soil Substrate ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Labile P

<p>Tree species capable of forming a symbiosis with N-fixing bacteria may affect P availability in reclaimed technosols. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of N-fixing tree species and non-N-fixing species on phosphorus forms in technosols developing from various materials. Soil samples were taken under black locust (Robinia pseudoaccaccia), black alder (Alnus glutinosa), silver birch (Betula pendula) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from two depths (0-5 cm and 5 – 20 cm). The soil substrates were fly ashes, sands and clays. In the soil samples measured were concentrations of total P (P<sub>t</sub>),  water soluble P (P<sub>H2O</sub>),  dilute salt-extractable P (P<sub>ex</sub>), microbial biomass P (P<sub>mic</sub>) and total labile P (P<sub>labil</sub>). Multifactor ANOVA revealed that tree species did not influence contents of P<sub>t</sub>, P<sub>ex</sub> and P<sub>H20</sub>. However, there was a statistically significant effect of soil substrate and soil horizon on these forms of P. The factors tree species, soil substrate and soil horizon had statistically significant effect on P<sub>mic </sub>content whereas content of P<sub>labil</sub> was affected by tree species and soil horizon. Multiple Range Tests by tree species showed that soils under Scots pine contained significantly less P<sub>mic </sub>than soils under other tree species studied. There were no significant differences in P<sub>mic</sub> between the soils under silver birch, black alder and black locust. The soils under Scots pine contained also significantly less P<sub>labil</sub> than the soils under black locust and silver birch. Our study included P forms that are considered labile (except P<sub>t</sub>). The obtained results indicated that the effect of N-fixing trees on these forms of P was weak. Instead we noticed that Scots pine had negative effect on some forms of labile P. </p><p>The study was financed by The National Science Centre, Poland, grant No. 2018/31/B/ST10/01626.</p>

scholarly journals Health condition parameters for deciduous trees in the forest stands of Trostyanetske Forest Enterprise

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Valentyna Meshkova ◽  
Tetiana Pyvovar ◽  
Oleksandr Tovstukha
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Epicormic Shoots ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Tree Defoliation

The aim of research was to evaluate the variability and relations with forest health condition its main parameters (defoliation, dieback and epicormic shoots occurrence) in seven tree species: Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.), small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.), and white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall). Research was carried out in 2018 in Trostyanetske Forest Enterprise (Left-bank Forest Steppe; Sumy region). Diameter (DBH), Kraft class, and category of health condition were assessed for each tree. Defoliation, dieback and epicormic shoots occurrence were evaluated as proportion of trees with respective symptoms. Severity of each parameter of tree health condition was estimated using respective scores. No tree species is defoliated over 50%. A birch is characterized by the lowest health condition index (1.6) for living trees, dieback (10%), epicormic shoots occurrence (15.9%) and recently died trees proportion (0.7%), but high proportion of trees died over year ago (10.7%). An oak is characterized by the highest health condition index (2.1), proportion of trees with dieback (45.4%) and epicormic shoots (21.7%). Proportion of trees with dieback is 21.5 to 25% for alder, lime and maple, a bit higher for elm and ash (30.9 and 31.3% respectively). DBH, Kraft class, and health condition index significantly correlate with health condition parameters of analyzed tree species, but the most of correlations are very slight and slight. Correlation between health condition index and defoliation score is significant, positive and high for all tree species (from 0.78 for alder to 0.9 for birch). Correlation between health condition index and dieback score is positive and significant for all tree species, is slight for ash, birch, lime, and alder, and moderate for maple, oak and elm. Correlation between health condition index and epicormic shoots occurrence is significant and positive for all tree species except birch, but is very slight in all cases except elm, where it is slight.

scholarly journals Response of Three Hardwood Species to Irrigation and Fertilization on an Upland Site

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Graeme Lockaby ◽  
R.G. Clawson ◽  
Terrell Baker
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

Abstract Increased pressure for hardwood fiber has renewed interest in intensive culture of hardwoods, including irrigation and fertilization. The response of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), and eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Batr. ex. Marsh.), to two irrigation and two fertilizer regimes was assessed in the upper Coastal Plain of Alabama. Total height, groundline diameter, and/or dbh (depending on height) were recorded on individual seedlings (sweetgum and sycamore) and planted cuttings (eastern cottonwood) for four growing seasons. Eastern cottonwood had significantly lower survival than either of the other two species. Fertilization significantly increased height and dbh for sycamore and sweetgum, while irrigation increased height and dbh of sycamore and eastern cottonwood. Fertilization and irrigation decreased moisture stress to similar extents. After four growing seasons, sycamore responded best across all treatment combinations when growth and survival were considered simultaneously. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):123-129.

Activity of phosphatases in technosols afforested with N-fixing and non-N-fixing tree species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Chodak ◽  
Katarzyna Sroka ◽  
Marcin Pietrzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic C ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
Specific Activities

<p>Tree species capable of forming symbiosis with N-fixing bacteria planted on reclaimed wastelands may increase not only their N content but also increase availability of P. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of rhizobial and actinorhizal N-fixing tree species and non-N-fixing species on the activity of phosphatases in various technosols. Soil samples were taken under black locust (<em>Robinia pseudoaccaccia</em>), black alder (<em>Alnus glutinosa</em>), silver birch (<em>Betula pendula</em>) and Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) from two depths (0-5 cm and 5 – 20 cm) of technosols developing from different parent materials (Quaternary sands, fly ashes after lignite combustion,  acid and alkaline Tertiary clays). The samples were measured for the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, microbial biomass (C<sub>mic</sub>), texture, as well as contents of organic C (C<sub>org</sub>), total N (N<sub>t</sub>) and total P (P<sub>t</sub>). Activities of acid (Pho_Aci), alkaline (Pho_Alk), total phosphatase (Pho_Sum) and inorganic pyrophosphatase (Pyro_Pho) were expressed per soil dry mass and per unit of C<sub>mic</sub> (specific enzyme activities - Pho_Aci<sub>SP</sub>, Pho_Alk<sub>SP </sub>and Pho_Sum<sub>SP</sub> for acid, alkaline and total phosphatase, respectively, Pyro_Pho<sub>SP </sub>for pyrophosphatase). The soils under black locust exhibited higher Pho_Aci activity and higher specific activities of all enzymes (Pho_Aci<sub>SP</sub>, Pho_Alk<sub>SP,, </sub>Pho_Sum<sub>SP</sub> and Pyro_Pho<sub>SP</sub>) than the soils under both non-N-fixing trees. For alder  Pho_Aci activity was significantly higher only when compared to pine. However, the values of Pho_Aci<sub>SP </sub>and Pho_Sum<sub>SP</sub> were higher under alder than under both non-N-fixing trees. There were no differences in the activities or specific activities of measured enzymes between the soils under pine and birch. Our results indicated that rhizobial black locust stimulated activity of soil enzymes involved in P cycling much stronger than non-N-fixing tree species. This effect of black locust was consistent in technosols developing from various parent materials. The effect of actinorhizal black alder was less pronounced, but also evident.  The results of our study indicated that both N-fixing trees stimulated activity of enzymes involved in P cycling stronger than the non-fixing trees. Thus, the N-fixing trees may alleviate P deficiency in technosols as they stimulate development of phosphatase releasing microorganisms and increase P availability.</p><p>The study was financed by The National Science Centre, Poland, grant No. 2018/31/B/ST10/01626.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of water level and climatic factors on the radial growth of black alder

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Didzis Elferts ◽  
Iluta Dauškane ◽  
Guna Ūsele ◽  
Agita Treimane
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
River Banks

Effect of water level and climatic factors on the radial growth of black alder Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is a widespread tree species in Europe and the western part of the temperate climate zone. The area of forest in Latvia dominated by this tree species has substantially decreased due to wide-spread forest drainage. To predict future changes due to environmental change, it is extremely important to understand the function of ecosystems with black alder and their dynamics. Tree rings can be used as a proxy of past environmental factors. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of meteorological and hydrological factors on radial growth of black alder at two study sites (Dursupe and Raķupe) in Latvia. The response of black alder trees to the influence of climatic and hydrological factors was found to depend on site conditions, i.e. a climatic effect was observed in conditions when the water level was low. Spatial variation in the strength of the relationship of black alder growth to temperature, precipitation, and river level suggests that alder growth is more susceptible to drought stress on higher river banks, where the water table is deeper. Black alder trees growing on low river banks can potentially be used to reconstruct past water-levels.

scholarly journals ROOT CONTROL OF URBAN TREES

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 263A-263
Author(s):  
Patricia R. Knight ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Quercus Phellos

Two inch caliper Acer rubrum, Quercus phellos, and Platanus occidentalis were planted March 26, 1990, into 8' × 8' planting holes that were lined with either Typar Biobarrier, Dewitt Pro-5 Weed Barrier or left unlined as a control. There has been little or no root penetration beyond the Biobarrier for the 3 tree species during the first 3 years of this study. At the end of 1990, the control and the Dewitt Pro-5 had similar root penetration numbers. By the end of 1991, the Dewitt Pro-5 had greater root penetration than did the control for A. rubrun. Root penetration of Dewitt Pro-5 and the control treatment was similar for Q. phellos and P. occidentalis. There were no differences in root penetration for Dewitt Pro-5 and the control in 1992 for any species. There were no differences in height for any tree species following the 1990 or 1991 growing seasons and no difference following the 1992 growing season for A. rubrum and Q. phellos. The control treatment had the grearest height for P. occidentalis in 1992. There were no differences in caliper due to root control treatment for the 3 species during the first 3 years of this study.

scholarly journals Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

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