094 Bedtime Hunger Predicts Reduced Sleep Efficiency That Night in Users of a Consumer Sleep Measurement Device

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A39-A39
Author(s):  
Bonnie Dixon ◽  
Siwei Liu ◽  
J German ◽  
Thomas Nordahl

Abstract Introduction It has long been suspected that bedtime hunger can potentially disturb sleep. The neural circuits that control sleep are now known to receive signals of appetite and energy balance via hypocretin/orexin neurons from the lateral hypothalamus. But there remains need to specifically identify how, and under what conditions, appetite mechanisms affect human sleep. This study documents the relationship between bedtime hunger and subsequent sleep efficiency in users of a consumer sleep measurement device. Methods The Zeo headband (sold to the public during 2009–2013) used detected electrical potentials to periodically calculate the most probable stage of sleep or wake. Users uploaded sleep records online and could track nightly conditions — including bedtime hunger — on provided rating scales. De-identified summary data from these nightly records were aggregated into a research registry. We extracted the sleep records with bedtime hunger ratings and analyzed them using multilevel modeling to identify within-person and between-person relationships between bedtime hunger and sleep efficiency. We decomposed bedtime hunger ratings into person-mean hunger and nightly hunger, the difference between each night’s hunger rating and the person’s mean. Results 4,284 nightly sleep records with a bedtime hunger rating were provided by 183 people (age 19–77, 68% male, mean: 23 records/person). Sleep efficiency was not related to person-mean hunger (p=0.26), but was inversely related to nightly hunger that night (p=0.01). The model predicted a within-person difference in sleep efficiency between nights with high, versus low, nightly hunger that varied across the people in the sample (mean [range]: -2.4 [-12.5-1.6] percentage points) and correlated positively with typical sleep efficiency (r=0.73, p=0.00) and negatively with unexplained variability in sleep efficiency (r=-0.47, p=0.00). Conclusion For the people in this dataset, on average, going to bed hungrier than usual predicted reduced sleep efficiency that night. The effect was strongest in people who tend toward low and variable sleep efficiency. This finding strongly suggests that bedtime hunger can indeed disturb sleep, especially in poor sleepers. Further research is needed to determine who is most affected and to understand implications, such as for weight management, eating disorders, food insecurity, or sleep-supporting foods and dietary practices. Support (if any) USDA-NIFA-AFRI and NIH-NCATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Copp

In his book, A Theory of Justice, John Rawls suggests that a theory of social justice is satisfactory only if it has both of two characteristics (pp. 182, 6). First, it must be capable of serving as the “public moral basis of society” (p. 182). That is, it must be reasonable to suppose that it would be strictly complied with while serving as the public conception of justice in a society which is in favourable circumstances—a society in which the people would strictly comply with any public conception of justice if the strains of commitment to it were not too great, given the general facts of psychology and moral learning (p. 145, cf. pp. 8, 175-83, 245-6). Second, a theory of justice must characterize “ … our considered judgements in reflective equilibrium” (p. 182).


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
St. Rahmawati Hamzah ◽  
Hamzah B

Abstrak: Kasus stunting di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi dengan menyentuh angka 30,8%. Angka ini masih jauh dari standar WHO yaitu 20%. Angka prevalensi stunting di Sulawesi Utara sebesar 25,5%, meskipun angka stunting Sulawesi Utara di bawah angka nasional (30,8%) namun masih ada empat daerah dengan angka prevalensi stunting yang cukup tinggi termasuk kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow sebesar 30,6%. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat Desa Muntoi Kecamatan Passi Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow tentang pencegahan stunting. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah interaktif dan tanya jawab. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor pengetahuan masyarakat tentang stunting pada saat pre-test adalah 10,43 dan pada saat post-test meningkat menjadi 19,60. Dampak pengabdian ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pencegahan stunting dengan perbedaan nilai rata-rata skor pengetahuan peserta penyuluhan pada saat pre-test dan post-test dengan angka 9,17. Untuk itu disarankan kepada masyarakat khususnya pada ibu untuk melakukan pencegahan stunting dengan pemenuhan asupan gizi selama hamil, melahirkan dan anak sebelum usia 2 tahun.Abstract: Stunting cases in Indonesia are still high, touching 30.8%. This figure is still far from the WHO standard of 20%. The stunting prevalence rate in North Sulawesi is 25.5%, although North Sulawesi's stunting rate is below the national rate (30.8%), there are still four regions with a fairly high stunting prevalence rate including Bolaang Mongondow district of 30.6%. The purpose of this service is to increase the knowledge of the people of Muntoi Village, Passi Barat District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency about the prevention of stunting. The methods used are interactive lectures and question and answer. The results showed that the average score of public knowledge about stunting at the pre-test was 10.43 and at the time of the post-test it increased to 19.60. The impact of this service is an increase in public knowledge about stunting prevention with the difference in the mean score of knowledge of the extension participants during the pre-test and post-test with a figure of 9.17. For this reason, it is recommended to the public, especially mothers, to prevent stunting by fulfilling nutritional intake during pregnancy, childbirth and children before the age of 2 years.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Fitri Yani ◽  
Syaifur Rizal Fahmy

Indonesia still has problems about the time of shalat. This reason that encourage Hendro Setyanto to create a new tool in the form of a display of prayer times of all time with a new concept, Di9ital Prayer Time. This digital clock has been published and has been traded to the public. Thus, this study will examine the method and accuracy of the Di9ital Prayer Time in determining the time of prayer. Regarding this theme, this research is a type of qualitative research using an empirical juridical approach. The specification of this study is descriptive analysis, this study intends to provide an overview, examine, explain then analyze the level of accuracy of the Di9ital Prayer Time in determining the time of prayer. The results of this study indicate that after comparing the Di9ital Prayer Time with the schedule of time for the circular prayer of the Ministry of Religion, only a maximum difference of three minutes was found. If the Di9ital Prayer Time is compared to the results of the program of prayer time by Rinto Anugraha, only a difference of four minutes was found, but after being traced, the program for the Rinto prayer did not yet use ikhtiyat. If the results of the Rinto prayer time program are supplemented by two minutes of faith, the difference is a maximum of two minutes. As such, Di9ital Prayer Time is very relevant as a guideline for prayer times. While the determination of the time of prayer by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion which has been the guideline of the people throughout Indonesia is still relevant as a guideline for prayer times. This is still within the limits of relevance, given the schedule of prayer times by the Ministry of Religion is very helpful for the community.


Taxes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Mikhail N. Sadchikov ◽  

The principle of justice is the principle of the entire system of law. The principle of fair taxation is the one of the basic principles of tax law. It is crucial question to find out the content of this principle. To author opinion there is public justice taxation but not individual fair taxation. That is to say, the taxation is unfair for individual sometime but it is fair taxation for social purposes. The public fair taxation principle is based on the tax sovereignty and it is generated by democracy. The article discusses the difference in the content of this principle in different states. For example it can be find out from different approaches of states to the progressive taxation question.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2814
Author(s):  
Stefan Hoffmann ◽  
Matthias Bock ◽  
Eckart Hoene

The size of back-to-back converters with active front end is significantly determined by the size of the passive filter components. This paper presents a new complete EMC filter concept for this type of converter system that is effective on the input and the output. This involves filtering the main common mode interferences from the grid and motor sides with a single CM choke. Since only the difference of the generated common mode voltage-time areas of both converters is absorbed by this component, the size of the required filter can be greatly reduced compared to conventional filter concepts. The concept is validated on a grid feeding inverter that can be connected to the public distribution network with an output power of 63 kW. The size reduction is demonstrated by means of a design example on a system with the same power and electrical requirements. It is elaborated why, applying the new filter concept, the impedance of the DC link potentials to ground and other electrical potentials should be as high as possible and therefore associated parasitic capacitances should be minimized. From this requirement, rules for the design of the power modules of PFC and motor converters for the application of this filter concept are derived.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (9(73)) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
G. Amanzholova

At this moment, only 1% of people in Kazakhstan invest in the stock market. Apart from the lack of financial education, the increasing number of seemingly legitimate fraudulent financial schemes influence the public’s perception of the stock market. This research investigates the public perceptions of investment fraud, the difference between stock market investment and financial schemes, and the consequences of confusing the two concepts. Through a survey and an interview, the research yields qualitative and quantitative data. Although the majority of the people (75%) are aware that the stock market is not a scam, a higher majority (89%) believe it is risky. Fraudsters often capitalize on the victims’ ignorance. Often get-rich-schemes are unlicensed, unregulated, and lacks transparency while offering a high amount of returns for a small investment. Therefore, raising the public's awareness will encourage them to engage in stock market investing and avoid being scammed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Guðrún Kristinsdóttir-Urfalino

The unprecedented success of Le Cid (1637) triggered a ferocious literary quarrel about the value of the judgement of the least “considerable” part of the theatre audience – the people. This article explains how the social and gendered distribution of the audience in the few Parisian theatres of the period could reveal the difference of the appreciation of various categories of the audience. The article then develops that at this time in France, the notion of the “public” does not refer to the audience but to the res publica, the edifying character of the plays meant to serve the public good. Indeed, the theatre was given a moral dimension, as an heritage to Horace’s Ars poetica in which the role of theatre was to please and instruct.This is followed by a discussion of two aspects of the quarrel. It was first set off by the fact that Corneille with his attitude disrupted the rules of the economy of cooptation in vigour in the Republic of letters, thus deeply shocking his peers. The second aspect of the quarrel pertained to the dramatic rules which were being established at the time. Le Cid transgressed some of these rules, in particular the rule of decorum. But the condemnation of the transgression of these rules put in question their purpose and their value. Corneille maintained that like Aristotle, he was concerned with the public’s pleasure and that Horace’s precept of moral instruction was secondary in theatre.The conjunction of the criticism of peers concerning the non-respect of the dramatic rules and the actual success with the public posed the question of the valid tribunal of literary works – peers or the public. Ultimately, the fact that the play had touched all categories of the audience – the people and the courtiers – facilitated the valorization of the people’s pleasure and the people’s judgement vis-à-vis the peers.


Al-Khidmat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Faridhatun Faidah ◽  
Gilang Puspita Rini ◽  
Etni Marliana

                                                                         AbstrakIndustri keuangan saat ini berinovasi dengan cepat, berbagai layanan yang diberikan oleh lembaga keuangan memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan yang terkadang belum dipahami oleh masyarakat. Saat ini lembaga keuangan selain menyediakan lembaga keuangan konvensional juga menyediakan lembaga keuangan syariah. Perbedaan dari kedua lembaga keuangan tersebut terletak pada pengelolaan yang berbasis syariah dan konvensional. Salah satu lembaga keuangan syariah yang sedang berkembang pesat adalah perbankan syariah. Pemahaman masyarakat mengenai berbagai akad dalam perbankan syariah perlu diperjelas dengan memberikan contoh yang mudah dipahami bagi masyarakat, baik dari lapisan masyarakat atas atau bahkan menengah kebawah. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan literasi keuangan kepada masyarakat di Desa Honggosoco terhadap produk perbankan syariah yang tersedia di berbagai bank syariah di Indonesia. Setelah melakukan pengabdian ini diharapkan masyarakat Desa Honggosoco dapat lebih memahami berbagai akad dan layanan perbankan syariah.  Abstract The financial industry is currently innovating rapidly, various services provided by financial institutions have advantages and disadvantages that are sometimes not understood by the public. At present financial institutions in addition to providing conventional financial institutions also provide Islamic financial institutions. The difference between the two financial institutions lies in sharia-based and conventional management. One sharia financial institution that is growing rapidly is Islamic banking. Public understanding of various contracts in Islamic banking needs to be clarified by providing examples that are easily understood by the public, both from the upper middle class or even lower. The purpose of this dedication is to provide financial literacy to the people of Honggosoco Village for Islamic banking products available in various Islamic banks in Indonesia. After doing this service, it is hoped that the people of Honggosoco Village will be able to better understand various Islamic banking agreements and services.  


Methodology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Martínez ◽  
Manuel Ruiz Marín

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.


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